Answer: So it thaws more evenly, also to prevent bacteria
Explanation:
Seth's Tax Services had the following accounts and account balances after adjusting entries. Assume all accounts have normal balances.
Prepare the adjusted trial balance for Seth's Tax Services as of December 31, 2018.
Cash $ ?
Land 26,000
Utilities Payable 150
Accounts Payable 3,700
Accumulated Depreciation—Equipment 1,800
Service Revenue 75,000
Supplies Expense 1,100
Dividends14,000
Equipment $11,000
Accounts Receivable 4,950
Office Supplies 700
Common Stock 22,600
Utilities Expense 1,650
Unearned Revenue 900
Depreciation Expense—Equipment 1,900
Salaries Expense 5,600
Answer and Explanation:
The preparation of the trial balance is presented below:
Particulars Debit Credit
Cash 37250
Accounts Receivable 4950
Office Supplies 700
Equipment 11000
Accumulated
Depreciation - Equipment 1800
Land 26000
Accounts Payable 3700
Utilities Payable 150
Unearned Revenue 900
Common Stock 22600
Dividends 14000
Service Revenue 75000
Salaries Expense 5600
Depreciation
Expense - Equipment 1900
Supplies Expense 1100
Utilities Expense 1650
Total 104150 104150
In 4-6 sentences, discuss how understanding the concept of price elasticity of demand is useful for a business owner/firm operating in any market structure. Copying the definition or restating the definition of elasticity will result in loss of points. (What does price elasticity of demand tell the firm in terms
Answer:
The concept of price elasticity is important to a firm because it would help a firm determine how to change prices in order to increase total revenue
For example, if a firm has an elastic demand, if price is increased, the quantity demanded would fall. The fall in demand would be greater than the increase in price. As a result, total revenue would fall. If price is reduced, the quantity demanded would increase.. the increase in demand would be greater than the reduction in price. Total revenue would increase
If on the other hand, demand is inelastic, if price is increased, total revenue increases. If price is reduced, total revenue reduces
Explanation:
Price elasticity of demand measures the responsiveness of quantity demanded to changes in price of the good.
If the absolute value of price elasticity is greater than one, it means demand is elastic. Elastic demand means that quantity demanded is sensitive to price changes.
Demand is inelastic if a small change in price has little or no effect on quantity demanded. The absolute value of elasticity would be less than one
Demand is unit elastic if a small change in price has an equal and proportionate effect on quantity demanded.
Infinitely elastic demand is perfectly elastic demand. Demand falls to zero when price increases
Perfectly inelastic demand is demand where there is no change in the quantity demanded regardless of changes in price.
Suppose you purchase a $1,000 TIPS on January 1, 2021. The bond carries a fixed coupon of 1 percent. Over the first two years, semiannual inflation is 4 percent, 1 percent, 2 percent, and 3 percent, respectively. For each six-month period, calculate the accrued principal and coupon payment.
Answer:
FOR THE FIRST SIX-MONTH PERIOD
Accrued principal = $1,040
Coupon payment = $5.20
FOR THE SECOND SIX-MONTH PERIOD
Accrued principal = $1,050.40
Coupon payment = $5.25
FOR THE THIRD SIX-MONTH PERIOD
Accrued principal = $1,071.41
Coupon payment = $5.36
FOR THE FOURTH SIX-MONTH PERIOD
Accrued principal = $1,103.55
Coupon payment = $5.52
Explanation:
These can be calculated using the following formulae:
Accrued principal = Amount or previous accrued principal * (100% + inflation rate) ...........(1)
Coupon payment = Accrued principal * (Fixed coupon rate * (6 months / 12 months))............(2)
Therefore, we have:
FOR THE FIRST SIX-MONTH PERIOD
Accrued principal = $1,000 * (100% + 4%) = $1,040
Coupon payment = $1,040 * (1% * (6 / 12)) = $5.20
FOR THE SECOND SIX-MONTH PERIOD
Accrued principal = $1,040 * (100% + 1%) = $1,050.40
Coupon payment = $1,050.40 * (1% * (6 / 12)) = $5.25
FOR THE THIRD SIX-MONTH PERIOD
Accrued principal = $1,050.40 * (100% + 2%) = $1,071.41
Coupon payment = $1,071.41 * (1% * (6 / 12)) = $5.36
FOR THE FOURTH SIX-MONTH PERIOD
Accrued principal = $1,071.41 * (100% + 3%) = $1,103.55
Coupon payment = $1,103.55 * (1% * (6 / 12)) = $5.52
Because of ________ if a city government decides to spend money on beautifying its downtown and attracting tourism to its city when no money has been devoted to those efforts before, then gains in tourism may be significant. Group of answer choices
Answer:
The answer is the production possibility frontier.
Tristan transfers property with a tax basis of $1,255 and a fair market value of $1,570 to a corporation in exchange for stock with a fair market value of $1,255 and $276 in cash in a transaction that qualifies for deferral under section 351. The corporation assumed a liability of $39 on the property transferred. What is the corporation's tax basis in the property received in the exchange
Answer: $1531
Explanation:
The corporation's tax basis in the property received in the exchange will be the addition of Tristan's Tax basis and the gain that's recognized on exchange by Tristan.
The gain realized will be:
= $1,570 - $1,255
= $315
Boot received = $276
Therefore, lower of $315 or $276 is $276.
The corporation's tax basis in the property received will then be:
= $1255 + $276
= $1531
A list of financial statement items for Oriole Company includes the following: accounts receivable $17,500; prepaid insurance $3,250; cash $13,000; supplies $4,750; and debt investments (short-term) $10,250.
Required:
Prepare the current assets section of the balance sheet listing the items in the proper sequence.
Answer:
$48,750
Explanation:
Preparation of the current assets section of the balance sheet listing the items in the proper sequence
ORIOLE COMPANY Partial Balance Sheet Current assets
Cash $13,000
Debt investments $10,250
Accounts receivable $17,500
Supplies $4,750
Prepaid insurance $3,250
Total current assets $48,750
Therefore the current assets section of the balance sheet listing the items in the proper sequence is $48,750
Fly High Inc. intends to invest in a new airplane. Information regarding the investment in the airplane is given below: Project A Life of project 5 years Initial investment $33,277,644 Net annual after-tax cash inflow $7,900,000 The cost of capital for the company is 8%. Calculate the internal rate of return (IRR) for the new airplane. a.10% b.8% c.6% d.5%
Answer:
c.6%
Explanation:
IRR is the interest rate at which the NPV of a project is zero
Use the following steps to determine the IRR
1. Determine the cash flows
2. Calculate the Total Annual cash flow
3. Use the IRR function in Excel to calculate the IRR for the calculated cash flow
The working is attached with this answer please find it.
A retail store sold gift certificates that are redeemable in merchandise. The gift certificates lapse one year after they are issued. How would the deferred revenue account be affected by each of the following?
Redemption of certificates Lapse of certificates
a. Decrease Decrease
b. Decrease No effect
c. No effect Decrease
d. No effect No effect
Answer:
The correct option is b. That is, the deferred revenue account will be affected as follows:
Redemption of certificates Lapse of certificates
b. Decrease No effect
Explanation:
The given options in the question are clearly stated as follows:
Redemption of certificates Lapse of certificates
a. Decrease Decrease
b. Decrease No effect
c. No effect Decrease
d. No effect No effect
The explanation of the answers is now provided as follows:
When a gift certificate is redeemed, it implies that merchandise has been given to the holder of the gift certificate in return. This will therefore decrease the deferred revenue account.
However, the moment a gift certificate is lapse; it is no longer possible redeem it for merchandise. That is, no merchandise has been given to the holder of the gift certificate in return. This therefore indicates that that the deferred revenue account will not change.
Therefore, the correct option is b. That is, the deferred revenue account will be affected as follows:
Redemption of certificates Lapse of certificates
b. Decrease No effect
Your grandparents put $11,100 into an account so that you would have spending money in college. You put the money into an account that will earn an APR of 4.37 percent compounded monthly. If you expect that you will be in college for 5 years, how much can you withdraw each month
Answer:
Monthly withdraw= $206.28
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
Initial investment (PV)= $11,100
Interest rate (i)= 0.0437/12= 0.003642
Number of periods (n)= 5*12= 60 months
To calculate the monthly withdrawal, we need to use the following formula:
Monthly withdraw= (PV*i) / [1 - (1+i)^(-n)]
Monthly withdraw= (11,100*0.003642) / [1 - (1.003642^-60)]
Monthly withdraw= $206.28
A small component is purchased for the use in the production of a major product. The standard price of the component is $0.85. During a recent period, 7,800 units were purchased and 6,800 were actually used. The standard quantity of units allowed for the actual output of the period was 6,540 units. What was the materials quantity variance
Answer:
See below
Explanation:
Given the above information,
Material quantity variance is computed as;
= (Actual quantity - Standard quantity of units allowed for the actual output )
Actual quantity = 6,800 units
Standard quantity = 6,540 units
= 6,800 - 6,540
= 260 units
Therefore, the materials quantity variance is 260 Unfavourable.
It is unfavourable because the standard is higher than the actual
Consumer Price Index (CPI) is an
A. economic condition in which there is a decline in the price of
goods and services
B. economic measurement that helps determine changes in the
purchasing power of a dollar
c. economic condition in which money loses its purchasing power
and prices rise
D. amount of goods that can be purchased with a unit of currency
Answer:
B
Explanation:
The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures monthly changes in prices for a range of consumer products
On a bank reconciliation, a bank fee for check printing not yet recorded by the company is: A. Noted as a memorandum only. B. Added to the book balance of cash. C. Deducted from the book balance of cash. D. Added to the bank balance of cash. E. Deducted from the bank balance of cash.
Answer:
C) Deducted from the book balance of cash
Explanation:
bank reconciliation can be regarded as process where by bank account balance in an entity’s books of account is been reconciled to balance that is been reported by the financial institution Using the recent bank statement. It should be noted that On a bank reconciliation, a bank fee for check printing not yet recorded by the company is Deducted from the book balance of cash
Typical Request and Response Messages
The purpose of many business messages is to make a request or to reply to previously received communication. Familiarize yourself with the organization of these messages so you can communicate your purpose and achieve a positive outcome.
Read the scenario:
The office manager asks you for advice on how to structure a request message with numerous questions.
What advice would you give?
A. Give an approximate date for the deadline in the body.
B. Place the deadline in the opening.
C. Set an end date to take action in the closing.
Read the following request message:
To: Customer Support
From: Helen Martin
Subject: Warranty Information for Netbook Computer
Dear Customer Service,
I need this information by noon tomorrow at the latest. My team has an important presentation to give, and my netbook crashed while we were working on the presentation. I can’t find the warranty information anywhere. So I have a few questions.
Where is my warranty information? How long does it normally take to repair these machines? Do I have to mail the netbook to you, or can I bring it to your local repair shop?
Will you please answer these questions in a timely manner? Thank you in advance for your help.
Regards,
Helen Martin
1. Where do I find my warranty information?
Reason A: 2. How long does the average netbook repair take?
3. Do I need to mail in my netbook for repairs or bring it to your local repair shop?
Revision B: Where is my warranty information? How long does the average repair take? Do I have to mail in my netbook?
Revision C:
Where do I find the information?
How long does it take?
Can I take it to my local shop?
Which of the preceding revisions is the best revision for the body of this message?
A. Revision B
B. Revision C
C. Revision A
In addition to making requests, you will have to respond to requests in the business world.
Complete the following sentence with the dropdown menu.
Direct response messages might _______?
A. include long, flowery descriptions
B. use the "me" view
C. supply explanations and additional information
Many businesses use social media to communicate with customers. In order to make the most of social media, you should learn how to respond to various types of customer comments.
Read the scenario, and then answer the question.
You manage the social media presence of a company that manufactures travel apparel and gear. A customer posts an angry comment about a suitcase that failed to function properly after its first use. This is not the first complaint the product has received.
How should you respond to the customer?
A. Acknowledge the problem, and let the customer know that the company is working to rectify the situation.
B. Document and delete the comment. You don’t want news of the flawed product to spread.
C. Let the comment stand. No response is necessary.
Answer:
B. Place the deadline in the opening.
A. Revision B
B. Use the "me" view
A. Acknowledge the problem, and let the customer know that the company is working to rectify the situation.
Explanation:
Customer service is the most difficult task. If a customer is angry because of mis functioning of a product then concerns should be heard with patience and the company staff should try to resolve these issues and satisfy customer properly. One angry customer may take away 100 potential customers of a business.
The records of Pippins, Inc., included the following information: Net sales $ 1,000,000 Gross margin 475,000 Interest expense 50,000 Income tax expense 80,000 Net income 240,000 Compute the times interest earned ratio, rounded to the nearest decimal.
Answer:
the times interest earned ratio is 7.4 times
Explanation:
The computation of the times interest earned ratio is given below/;
Times interest earned ratio is
= EBIT ÷ interest expense
where
EBIT = Net Income + Interest Expense + Income tax Expense
= 240,000 + 50,000 + 80,000
= 370,000
Now the times interest earned ratio is
= $370,000 ÷ $50,000
= 7.4 times
Hence, the times interest earned ratio is 7.4 times
Frantic Fast Foods had earnings after taxes of $430,000 in 20X1 with 345,000 shares outstanding. On January 1, 20X2, the firm issued 34,000 new shares. Because of the proceeds from these new shares and other operating improvements, earnings after taxes increased by 23 percent.
Required:
a. Compute earnings per share for the year 20X1. (Round your answer to 2 decimal places.)
b. Compute earnings per share for the year 20X2. (Round your answer to 2 decimal places.)
Answer:earnings per share for the year 20X1= $1.25 per share
earnings per share for the year 20X2 = 1.40
Explanation:
Earning per share is calculated as = Earning after taxes ÷ Shares outstanding
Therefore, earnings per share for the year 20X1.
= $430,000 ÷345,000 shares
= $1.25 per share
2. In the next year,there was a change in earnings after tax by 23 percent and an increase in shares by 34,000,
Therefore, we have earnings per share for the year 20X2 as
= ($430,000 × 1.23) ÷ ( 345,000 + 34,000)
=528,900/379000
=1.3955 rounded to 1.40
Indy Company has the following data for one of its manufacturing plants:
Maximum units produced in a quarter (3-month period): 250,000 units
Actual units produced in a quarter (3-month period): 204,000 units
Productive hours in one quarter: 25,000 hours
Actual cycle time: 7.35 minutes
Theoretical cycle time: 6 minutes
Required:
1. Calculate the amount of processing time and the amount of nonprocessing time. If required, round your answers to two decimal places.
Processing time minutes
Nonprocessing time minutes
2. Calculate the MCE. If required, round your answer to nearest whole number. %
Answer:
1. Processing time:
Processing time = Theoretical time
Processing time is there for 6 minutes
Non processing time = Actual cycle time - processing time
= 7.35 - 6
= 1.35 minutes
2. Manufacturing Cycle Efficiency (MCE):
= Processing time / Actual cycle time
= 6 / 7.35
= 81.6%
Suppose an industrial building can be purchased for $2,500,000 today and is expected to yield cash flows of $180,000 each of the next five years. (Note: assume cash flows are received at end of year.) If the building is expected to be sold at the end of the fifth year for $2,800,000, calculate the IRR for this investment over the five year holding period
Answer: 9.20%
Explanation:
Use Excel to find out the IRR.
Ensure that you write the purchase price in negatives as shown in the attached picture.
The cashflow for the last year will be the sum of the selling price and the cash flow.
= 2,800,000 + 180,000
= $2,980,000
IRR = 9.20%
A production process has six subsequent stages, each with their own specific resources and performing crucial tasks. Four of these stages have a capacity of 20 units per hour, while the other two stages have a capacity of 10 units per hour. What is the best conclusion?
Answer: Both stages with a capacity of 10 units per hour can be considered bottlenecks.
Explanation:
From the information given in the question, the best conclusion is that both stages with a capacity of 10 units per hour can be considered the bottlenecks.
It should be noted that the bottleneck in the chain of processes, is the one that has the limited capacity and this then reduces the capacity of the whole chain and slows down production.
Integrity Accounting Firm provides various financial services to organizations. Integrity has decided to price its jobs at the total variable costs of the job plus 14.3 percent. The job for a medium-sized dance club client included the following costs:
Direct materials $20,000
Direct labor (partners and staff accountants) 150,000
Depreciation (using straight-line method) on
Integrity’s office building 50,000
Required:
Calculate the price charged by The J. Escobar Law Firm to the dance club.
Answer:
$194,310
Explanation:
The price charged by The J. Escobar Law Firm to the dance club is as follows:
Direct Materials $20,000
Direct Labour $150,000
Total Variable Cost of Jobs $170,000
14.3% Mark up on TVC $24,310
The price charged ro the club $194,310
Alyeska Services Company, a division of a major oil company, provides various services to the operators of the North Slope oil field in Alaska. Data concerning the most recent year appear below: Sales $ 17,700,000 Net operating income $ 5,300,000 Average operating assets $ 35,100,000 Required: 1. Compute the margin for Alyeska Services Company. (Round your answer to 2 decimal places.) 2. Compute the turnover for Alyeska Services Company. (Round your answer to 2 decimal places.) 3. Compute the return on investment (ROI) for Alyeska Services Company.
Answer:Profit margin = 29.94%
Asset Turnover =0.50
Return on investment (ROI) =15.09%
Explanation:
Given
Sales for the year = $ 17,700,000
Net Operating Income = $ 5,300,000
Average Operating Assets = $ 35,100,000
a)Profit margin = (Net operating income/Net sales ) x 100%
= $5,300,000/$17,700,000 x 100% = 29.94%.
This shows that the Alyeska Services company has ability to turn income to profit by 29.94%
b. Asset Turnover = Total Sales/ Average Total Assets = $17,700,000/$35,100,000 = 0.50
c. Return on investment (ROI) =Net income/Total investment x 100%
= $ 5,300,000/ $ 35,100,000 x 100% =15.09%
The Treaty of Maastricht and the Treaty of Lisbon were indications of __________ within the European Union (EU).
a. a shift toward common external policies.
b. greater political union.
c. increased sovereignty for member countries.
d. a harmonized trade system.
e. less economic structure.
Answer:
Option B
Explanation:
In simple words, The Lisbon Treaty, often known as the Treaty of Lisbon, revised European Union laws by providing a more centralized administration as well as foreign relations, a suitable mechanism for nations wishing to exit the Community, and a simplified method for implementing new legislation.
Thus, from the above we can conclude that the correct option is B.
The Treaty of Maastricht and the Treaty of Lisbon were indications of within the European Union (EU) is :
B) Greater political union.
European UnionThe Treaty of Maastricht and the Treaty of Lisbon were indications of Greater political union within the European Union (EU) .
The Lisbon Treaty is changed European Union laws by giving a more centralized organization as well as remote relations, a appropriate instrument for countries wishing to exit the Community, and a disentangled strategy for actualizing unused legislation.
Thus, the correct option is B.
Learn more about "Economic Union" :
https://brainly.com/question/7782783?referrer=searchResults
The book value of long-term assets is reported on:
Flying Cloud Co. has the following operating data for its manufacturing operations:
Unit selling price $ 350
Unit variable cost $ 100
Total fixed costs $980,000
The company has decided to increase the wages of hourly workers which will increase the unit variable cost by 10%. Increases in the salaries of factory supervisors and property taxes for the factory will increase fixed costs by 5%. If sales prices are held constant, the next break-even point for Flying Cloud Co. will be:__________
a) increased by 368 units
b) decreased by 368 units
c) increased by 132 units
d) decreased by 264 units
Answer:
a) increased by 368 units
Explanation:
The calculation of the next break even point should be
Existing break-even point for Flying Cloud Co. is
= Fixed Cost ÷ Contribution Margin Per Unit
= Fixed Cost ÷ Sales Price Per Unit - Variable Cost per Unit
= $980,000 ÷ ( $350 - $100)
= 3,920 Units
Now
Revised Variable cost = $100 × 110%
= $110
And,
Revised Fixed cost = $980,000 × 105%
= $1,029,000
So,
Revised break-even point for Flying Cloud Co. is
= Fixed Cost ÷ ( Contribution Margin Per Unit
= Fixed Cost ÷ ( Sales Price Per Unit - Variable Cost per Unit
= $1,029,000 ÷ ( ( $350 -$110)
= 4,287.5
= 4,288 units
So,
Increase = 4,288 Units - 3920 Units
= 368 Units Increase
A dependency requiring a design be completed before manufacturing can start is an example of a(n):_________
A. Discretionary Dependency.
B. External dependency.
C. Mandatory dependency.
D. Scope dependency.
Answer:
C. Mandatory dependency.
Explanation:
A dependency that requires a design to be completed before manufacturing can begin is an example of a mandatory dependency, which contractually mandates that certain tasks be completed on the design as a requirement.
Mandatory dependency is more used when a project has certain limitations that require the fulfillment of other activities.
Accounts receivable arising from sales to customers amounted to $85,000 and $75,000 at the beginning and end of the year, respectively. Income reported on the income statement for the year was $285,000. Exclusive of the effect of other adjustments, the cash flows from operating activities to be reported on the statement of cash flows is:____.
a. $275,000.
b. $445,000.
c. $285,000.
d. $295,000.
Answer:
d. $295,000
Explanation:
Calculation to determine what the cash flows from operating activities to be reported on the statement of cash flows is:
Using this formula
Cash flows from operating activities =Net income + Decrease in accounts receivable
Let plug in the formula
Cash flows from operating activities=$285,000+($85,000-$75,000)
Cash flows from operating activities=$285,000+$10,000
Cash flows from operating activities=$295,000
Therefore the cash flows from operating activities to be reported on the statement of cash flows is:$295,000
Answer the following questions based on the tables below.
Buyer Willingness to Pay for One Unit
A $35
B 33
C 27
D 22
E 21
F 13
G 13
H 12
I 6
Seller Willingness to Sell One Unit
A $4
B 9
C 12
D 14
E 15
F 21
G 23
H 30
I 51
a. The quantity demanded at a price of $10 is: _______________.
b. The quantity demanded at a price of $25 is: ___________
Answer:
8
3
Explanation:
Consumer surplus is the difference between the willingness to pay of a consumer and the price of the good.
Consumer surplus = willingness to pay – price of the good
A consumer would demand for a product as long as he can earn a positive consumer surplus
When price is 10, there is a consumer surplus for buyers A to H. buyer I, would earn a negative consumer surplus if he purchases the product. Thus, the quantity demand at that price would be 8
When price is $25, there is a consumer surplus for buyers A to C. From buyer D, buyers would have a negative consumer surplus so they would not purchase the product
In the manufacture of 9,400 units of a product, direct materials cost incurred was $174,900, direct labor cost incurred was $109,800, and applied factory overhead was $44,200. What is the total conversion cost?
Answer:
$154,000
Explanation:
Calculation to determine the total conversion cost
Using this formula
Total conversion cost=Direct labor cost incurred
+Applied factory overhead
Let plug in the formula
Total conversion cost =$109,800+$44,200
Total conversion cost=$154,000
Therefore Total conversion cost is $154,000
Give examples if operational conflicts that could occur in a cross- cultural context because of different attitudes towards:1) time, 2) individualism. Give a country or region that would be different from the US for each of the two variables.
The correct answer to this open question is the following.
Give examples of operational conflicts that could occur in a cross-cultural context because of different attitudes towards:1) time, 2) individualism.
Well, let's start with time. In the United States, time is of the utmost importance. There we have the old saying: "Time is money."
In the workplace, everything is based on the smart and efficient use of time. No time must be wasted in the workplace.
Individual effort is important in the American culture, but the team effort, the concept of being a good team player is very important under the following premise: teams can accomplish more than individuals.
What most Americans desire is individual recognition through team effort.
That is why team sports are so good in the United States because they exemplify the way teams function and what they can accomplish. For instance, college and pro football, basketball, and baseball.
The region that has a different approach, is Latin America. This does not mean that is better than the other, just that there are major differences between the two.
The management of time is very different in Latin American countries. It is not as important as the US. People in Latin America approach the concept of time in a more relaxed way. In Latin America, there is a more relaxed approach to time. Nothing is urgent, Things take time. Things are made at a different pace compared to the US.
And regarding individualism, Latin American people tend to prefer to be more individualistic to do things trying to get some recognition, The team concept is not as developed as in the US.
8794979666++++45626563.
The payback method of project analysis: Multiple Choice considers the time value of money. is, generally speaking, the best method of project analysis. may ignore some project cash flows. is biased towards long-term projects over short-term projects.
Answer:
may ignore some project cash flows.
Explanation:
Payback calculates the amount of time it takes to recover the amount invested in a project from it cumulative cash flows
Payback period = Amount invested / cash flow
for example, if 100,000 is invested in project. the cash flows is 20,000 for the next five years, payback = 100,000 / 20,000 = 5 years
cash flows after year 5 would be ignored
Also, it can be seen that the time value of money is not considered. the cash flows have equal value regardless of when they occur
the best method is the net present value
