Name five types of evidence that support the theory of evolution. Write one sentence for each, explaining why it demonstrates evidence. (10 points)
Answers
The five evidences that support the theory of evolution are: Fossils, Anatomy, Embryology, Molecular Biology (or Biochemistry), and Biogeography.
Fossils show the physical change in a species over time, suggesting evidence for evolution. For an example, we can trace the origins of dolphins and whales all the way to a four-legged, dog-like hoofed mammal from about 50 mya. These mammals were fish eaters and so decided to spend a lot of time in the water. In fact, they spent so much time in the water, that in a few million years, they evolved a longer body and webbed feet. Then another few million years passed and they swapped their webbed feet for flippers and swapped their tail of a fin. Eventually, we get a fish-like mammal that once walked on land.
For anatomy, or structures, there's three types of structure comparisons: Homologous structures, Vestigial structures, and Analogous structures (or Convergent Evolution). Homologous structures show similarities between the structures between species, but serve different purposes. For an example, all mammals share common features within their arms, such as having 5 fingers. However, they serve different purposes, from whale fins for swimming, to bat wings for flying, to human hands for grabbing and for using tools.
Vestigial structures were structures that once served a purpose and have been reduced in size/power to the point where it's useless. For an example, large theropods such as the T. Rex spent so much time evolving more jaw muscles and biting power, that they sacrificed their arm muscles for such power. This explains why their arms were so short.
Another example would be ratites, flightless birds such as ostriches, emus, and cassowaries (penguins and kakapos are from a different group). They spent so much time evolving powerful legs as well as evolving in size, that there was no need to fly when they could just run with their improved legs. And also the fact that they're too heavy to even fly anyways.
Analogous structures is the similar functions of structures between species, but have separately evolved these functions. For an example, the wings from insects, birds, bats, and pterosaurs are very similar in shape and can be used to fly, but they've evolved separately. For an example, birds use feathers to fly while bats and pterosaurs use/used (pterosaurs are extinct) membrane between their bones to fly. Although they do have strikingly similar evolutionary histories, with their ancestors starting off as tree dwellers, they've evolved their flight abilities separately during different earth periods.
Embryology is evidence for evolution by using embryos from different species to suggest a common ancestor. For an example, we can prove that we're more related to whales than to fish by using embryos. The fish embryo will evolve gills while the embryos of humans and whales will not, since we do not breath by extracting oxygen from water.
Molecular biology is a more recent way of providing evidence for evolution. By taking the DNA from cells from different species, we can get an estimate of how related one species is to another. The more similar amino acid sequences are between species, the more recent their common ancestor is. For an example, by comparing amino acid sequences between humans and chimpanzees, we get an estimated amount that we once shared a common ancestor seven million years ago. Without molecular biology, we would still be digging for fossils to find that number.
Biogeography is the geographic distribution of species on earth that can be explained by evolution. For an example, we can tell that Australia separated first from Pangea rather than Asia or North America since Australia doesn't have bears while the Asia and North America do, with China having pandas and North America having brown and black bears. And also with the fact that Australia is the only continent with monotremes (egg-laying mammals like the platypus).
Similar to biogeography, there's also direct observation, which is evolution that has happened in our own eyes. An example would be the underground London mosquito. Mosquitoes usually target birds like pigeons. But after an underground tunnel was built in London, some mosquitoes managed to get inside and instead of birds, they targeted, mice, rats, and of course, humans. After only a few hundred years, a mosquito from the underground tried to mate with another mosquito from land and they could not, simply because they were different species. This shows that their new choice of feeding on mammalian blood has actually altered their DNA and created a new species, during the existence of humanity!
Related Questions
Which of the following is the best definition of pseudoscience?
Answers
Explanation:
a collection of beliefs or information that claims to be scientific as it is supposedly gathered by a scientific method,
Which of the following statements explains the importance of carbon in cells? (Choose all that apply)
Carbon affects the function of a cell.
Carbon is a waste product for a cell.
Carbon provides structure for a cell.
Carbon maintains the proper temperature in a cell.
Answers
Carbon can easily make bonds with other atoms, allowing biomolecules like DNA and RNA, which are crucial for the development and replication that characterize life, to take on a variety of shapes and functions. Thus, option C is correct.
What is importance of carbon in cells?Carbon is an essential component for all living things. Due to its role in the production of numerous bonds and essential molecules in all living things, carbon is an important chemical.
Due to its unique chemical structure, carbon may combine with numerous other molecules to form a variety of compounds.
Because of its propensity to create stable bonds with other elements, including itself, carbon is the main component of organic molecules.
It makes up roughly 20% of an organism's weight and is necessary for them to survive, develop, and procreate.
Therefore, carbon provides structure for a cell.
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Before you make a hypothesis—your best guess at a solution—what must you do?
Group of answer choices
Run an experiment
Make observations
Form a theory
Draw conclusions
Answers
Answer:
make observations .
Explanation:
Collect as many observations about a topic or problem as you can.
Evaluate these observations and look for possible causes of the problem.
Create a list of possible explanations that you might want to explore.
Which method gives the actual age of a fossil in years?
Answers
Answer:
Radiometric dating methodsExplanation:
Researchers use a clock to estimate the date a rock or fossil was produced in order to ascertain its age. Radiometric dating methods, which are based on the natural radioactive decay of specific elements like potassium and carbon, are widely used by geologists to date ancient events.
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What does red bone marrow make? HELP ASAP PLSSS
Answers
Answer:
it makes blood cells. :) have a nice day!
The flash patterns of fireflies attract mates of their own species. What type of reproductive isolation is this an example of?
Answers
7. Why are people from Pacific Island
nations likely to become environmental
refugees?
A. Because of sea level rise due to
climate change
B. Because the fish populations they
survive on are diminishing
C. Because they ve degraded their
Islands and can no longer grow food
D. Because large factories there have
contaminated the soil, increasing cancers
and other health problems
Answers
Answer:
For these migrants, economic and cultural reasons were given as motivations for settling abroad. About 37 percent leave to find work, 26 percent for education opportunities and some 18 percent give climate change as their reasons for migration.
Which of the following is found in the 'rungs' of a DNA strand?
A. Phosphate
B. Thymine
C. Uracil
D. Deoxy Ribose
Answers
Hello everyone, I need your help plz
Define the word Microbiology:-
Thx ^_^
Answers
Answer:
Microbiology is the study of microscopic organisms, such as bacteria, viruses, archaea, fungi and protozoa. This discipline includes fundamental research on the biochemistry, physiology, cell biology, ecology, evolution and clinical aspects of microorganisms, including the host response to these agents.
it is the branch of biology that studies micro-organisms (very small organisms). ... The scientific study of microorganisms. (biology) The branch of biology that deals with microorganisms, especially their effects on man and other living organisms.
the study of all living organisms that are too small to be visible with the naked eye. This includes bacteria, archaea, viruses, fungi, prions, protozoa and algae, collectively known as 'microbes'.
hope it helps
PLEASE MARK BRAINLIEST
What is the constant of “Which bait works best for a homemade fly trap?” Plz answer quick!!!!
Answers
Answer:
Mix scraps of meat (the older, the better) with something sweet (see list below). Lots of people swear by using rotten fish or shrimp, which probably work best because they smell so much. Bait for Fruit Flies: Use fruit (the riper, the better), apple cider vinegar, fruit juice, syrup, wine, beer, or any combination.
Hope this helps!
Please give me brainliest if this helped you!
Answer:
Mix scraps of meat (the older, the better) with something sweet (see list below). Lots of people swear by using rotten fish or shrimp, which probably work best because they smell so much. Bait for Fruit Flies: Use fruit (the riper, the better), apple cider vinegar, fruit juice, syrup, wine, beer, or any combination.
Passive transport differs from active transport because Passive
transport does not:
A. require energy.
B. move materials out of the cell.
C. use the concentration gradient.
D. use proteins.
Answers
Answer:
i’m not a 100% sure but i think it’s A
Proteins are three dimensional molecules made of strands of amino acids (imagine a ball of string). There are 20 different amino acids used in proteins found in living organisms. Some of these amino acids are polar and others are nonpolar. Where would a series of nonpolar amino acids most likely be located in a protein that is found in the cytosol of an animal cell
Answers
Answer:
A series of nonpolar amino acids would most likely be located in the interior region of the tridimensional molecule.
Explanation:
Proteins are formed by linearly arranged amino acids, each with a side chain: the R-group.
Of the 20 different amino acids that compose the proteins, about half of them -10- are non-polar. Their R-groups are not stable if they are in contact with water, meaning that non-polar amino acids are hydrophobic.
When proteins are synthesized, they acquire a three-dimensional structure that makes them more stable. Lineal polypeptides get folded and turn into a shape that makes them more stable in the environment and capable of accomplishing their biological role. When they are in an aqueous media, their bent shape leaves the hydrophilic R-groups in contact with water. The hydrophilic R-groups stick in the center of the polypeptide, facing the protein interior, and avoiding interaction with water.
the difference between the cellular make-up of a living organism and an aluminum cari is the ___
Answers
Answer:
The difference between the cellular make - up of a living organism and aluminum can is the ability to use energy .
What is the constant of “which date works best for a homemade fly trap?”
Answers
Answer:
Mix scraps of meat (the older, the better) with something sweet. Lots of people swear by using rotten fish or shrimp, which probably work best because they smell so much. Bait for Fruit Flies: Use fruit (the riper, the better), apple cider vinegar, fruit juice, syrup, wine, beer, or any combination
What would happen to the rate of activity if you place Pepsin in the small intestine with a pH of 6?
Answers
Answer:
When it reaches the duodenum, though, it assumes an inactive form as the pH rises above 6. Pepsins are secreted by Brunner's glands of the duodenum, and the crypts of Lieberkühn of the small intestine secrete an aqueous fluid.
Hi, can someone help me these few questions! Will mark as brainliest! Thanks
Answers
Answer:
a)the process is binary fission
b)The stages involved are:
The parent cell first grows bigger by increasing the amount of cytoplasm
the DNA replicates and the nucleus undergoes mitosis, resulting in the formation of two daughter nuclei
the cell membrane constricts thereby dividing the cytoplasm in two so that each nucleus is surrounded by it's own cytoplasm
the two daughter cells separate.
c)the advantage is that offspring take short time to mature
the disadvantage is that it leads to overcrowding and competition for resources.
I hope this helps
The muscle weakness of myasthenia gravis results from loss of acetylcholine receptors in the end-plate membrane. the motor neuron action potential being too small to shock the muscle fibers. insufficient acetylcholine release from presynaptic vesicles. excessive acetylcholinesterase that destroys the neurotransmitter. All of the answers probably contribute to the muscle weakness.
Answers
Answer:
The correct answer is ''loss of acetylcholine receptors in the end-plate membrane.''
Explanation:
Myasthenia gravis represents a human autoimmune disease. The neuromuscular junction abnormalities that occur in this disease are due to antibody-mediated processes. A reduction in the number of functional acetylcholine receptors on the postsynaptic membrane was established to contribute to the physiological abnormalities of myasthenia gravis. The reduction in receptors is due to immunological alterations directed against the acetylcholine receptor. Normally, when acetylcholine binds to its receptor, it opens allowing the rapid entry of cations, especially sodium. With this, the depolarization of the postsynaptic region of the muscle fiber occurs. Although acetylcholine is normally released in myasthenia gravis, it is not capable of causing an action potential in the muscle sufficient to initiate or weaken contraction. In patients with myasthenia gravis, failure to activate muscles is responsible for myasthenic fatigue. Most patients have elevated serum titers of antireceptor antibodies, which in turn accelerate receptor degradation.
Which of the following describes a solution that contains a buffer?
• A. Citric acid is added to the solution, but the pH of the solution does
not change.
O B. Distilled water is added to the
does not change.
solution, and the ph of the solution
• C. Acetic acid is added to the solution, and the ph of the solution
becomes lower.
D Sodium hydroxide, a base, is added to the solution, and the pH of
the solution becomes higher.
Answers
Answer:
a Citric acid is added to the solution, but the pH of the solution does
not change.
Explanation:
Jenna's pencil fell off of her desk and she quickly reached down to catch it before it hit the ground. In the process the
Answers
Answer:
The complete question with its options is:
Jenna's pencil fell off of her desk and she quickly reached down to catch it before it hit the ground. In the process, the (1)_____ system first recognized the falling pencil. It sent signals to the (2)______ system, which then moved the components of the(3) _____ system in order to catch the pencil.
Options:
(1) 1. Nervous 2. Muscular 3. Skeletal
(2) 1. Nervous 2. Muscular 3. Skeletal
(3) 1. Skeletal 2. Digestive 3. Nervous
The answer is:Jenna's pencil fell off of her desk and she quickly reached down to catch it before it hit the ground. In the process, the (1) Nervous system first recognized the falling pencil. It sent signals to the (2) Muscular system, which then moved the components of the(3) Skeletal system in order to catch the pencil.
Explanation:
The nervous system receives the signal that the pencil is falling. In other words, Jenna sees or feels that the pencil falls, so the senses send a signal to the nervous system to produce a response. We call this a stimuli. Once that the nervous system receives and processes the stimuli, it elaborates an answer. The answer is to send a signal to a group of muscles that will move certain bones to make the movement that will catch the pencil. The muscles are from the muscular system, and they are attached to the bones, which are part of the skeletal system. When the muscles contract, they move the bones and make the movement possible.
What do these images model?
A atoms
в compounds
C elements
D mixtures
Answers
Answer:
b
Explanation:
compounds
A sample of gold has a mass of 38,6 grams and a volume of 2 cm What is the density of gold?
Answers
Si una población crece mucho otra vez después de un cuello de botella con el paso del tiempo aumentará diversidad genética ¿por qué?
Answers
Answer:
los mecanismos capaces de generar diversidad actúan para incrementar la variabilidad genética en la población que sufrió el cuello de botella
Explanation:
Un cuello de botella se refiere a una reducción drástica en el tamaño de una población (por ejemplo, debido a una catástrofe natural). Un cuello de botella es un fenómeno que está asociado a la reducción en la variación genética y fijación de ciertos alelos en la población resultante, lo cual es causado por la deriva genética, es decir, debido al muestreo al azar de los individuos que formarán la población en la siguiente generación. Paulatinamente, los mecanismos capaces de generar variabilidad genética aumentarán nuevamente la diversidad de la población que sufrió el cuello de botella. En una población de reproducción sexual, la variación genética se genera mediante cuatro procesos diferentes: 1-mutación (es decir, la aparición de nuevos alelos debido a alteraciones en la secuencia de ADN); 2-recombinación (es decir, el intercambio de información genética entre cromátidas no hermanas durante la meiosis); 3-segregación independiente de cromosomas durante la meiosis (capaz de producir nuevas combinaciones de alelos) y 4-fertilización al azar (lo cual también incrementa el número de combinaciones entre gametos que darán lugar a un nuevo individuo).
Which autoimmune disease results in the destruction of beta cells in the
pancreas?
type 1 diabetes
pernicious anemia
celiac disease
rheumatoid arthritis
Answers
Fire suppression has been an official management policy in a variety of Northern Ghana ecosystems. Discuss examples of how this has impacted community composition. Describe how these examples are either consistent or inconsistent with the predictions of the Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis. Be sure to take into account various aspects of the disturbance regime (e.G. Frequency and intensity).
Answers
The answer to these questions are the following:
1. It has been suggested that fire suppression management might increase the area affected by increasing the frequency of high-severity fires in the Idaho-Montana Rockies (USA) and in the chaparral vegetation of California
2. Fire suppression>> alteration of composition, distribution, and density of species
3. Data are consistent with the intermediate disturbance hypothesis
Fire suppression management is a strategy focused on trying to stop wildfires. The fire suppression management strategy has recently been criticized for accumulating dead biomass in fire-prone ecosystems, thereby leading to high intensity and high severity fires when these areas do burn with wildfire. It has been shown that fire suppression may negatively alter the composition, distribution, and density of species (both animals and plants), especially in ecosystems having high-frequency and low-intensity fires.
In the Idaho-Montana Rockies (USA), it has been shown that high-severity fires increased their frequency in the period from 1975 to 2012 than in the period from 1935 to 1974, when the fire suppression management strategy coincided simultaneously with cooler and moister conditions that were conducive to them.
The intermediate disturbance hypothesis states that species diversity is maximized at intermediate-scale disturbances. There are many ecologists that disagree with this hypothesis, indicating that the association between ecological disturbance and species diversity does not follow a unimodal distribution. In the example of the Idaho-Montana Rockies, data are consistent with the intermediate disturbance hypothesis because the intermediate disturbance hypothesis indicates that species diversity is highest in areas that have had an intermediate frequency and scale of disturbances (i.e., a fire suppression strategy might decrease the frequency of wildfires but it increases the risk of high severity fires).
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Important steps in sequencing pure proteins include all of these except: a. Determining the amino acids on the ends of the smaller peptides b. Determining the isoionic pH of the protein c. Determining the amino acids on the ends of the protein d. Breaking the protein into smaller peptides e. Determining the amino acid composition
Answers
Answer:
b. Determining the isoionic pH of the protein
Explanation:
The sequencing of pure proteins is nothing more than the analysis of the amino acids present in isolated proteins. This analysis is composed by the study of the sequence that the amino acids assume within the protein, the amino acids present in the extremities and the constitution of each one of these amino acids. In summary, we can state that protein sequencing refers to the constitution of these proteins. In this case, the isotonic pH of these proteins is not relevant information.
15 POINTS PLUS BRAINLIEST IF ANSWERED IN 5 MINS
The use of fossil fuels is a concern because it can lead to which of the following?
A polluted waters
B eutrophication
C global warming
D increased runoff
Answers
Answer:
A
Explanation:
if any oil get in water it can pollute it all ruining the water and it's a danger to animals
which of these sources add water to lakes
Answers
Answer:
what are the sources bff
Explanation:
Answer:
Rain runoff, groundwater, melting snow.
Explanation:
Rain flows through various paths and goes into lakes, carrying various types of small leaves or soil particles along with it into the lake.
Groundwater can also form lakes and is the source of freshwater.
The melting snow is also the source of freshwater that flows and reaches the nearby ponds or lakes present in the nearby areas.
The area where the two chromatid halves of a chromosome
are joined is called a
A. centrosome
B. metaphase plate
C. centromere
D. mitotic spindle
Answers
are joined is called a
C. centromere
After photosynthesis, how will producers get their energy? Producers receive glucose from the intake of oxygen. Producers will release glucose into the atmosphere, feeding the ecosystem. Producers will create glucose, which is the primary source of food. Producers will receive glucose directly from any rainfall that occurs.
Answers
Answer:
After photosynthesis (Producers will create glucose, which is the primary source of food)
Explanation:
The biotic component of an ecosystem is made up of all living organisms in it. These organisms are divided into two main groups according to the way they feed:
--> Producers (autotrophs) and
--> Heterotrophs.
Producers are organisms that are able to use sunlight or chemical energy to manufacture their own food (glucose) from simple inorganic substances. This process is known as photosynthesis. Producers include all green plants, photosynthetic protists and some bacteria
Producers extract inorganic nutrients and chemical energy from their non-living environment, that is, from the abiotic component of the ecosystem. Since autotrophs are the only organisms that can produce food in an ecosystem, they are also known as PRIMARY FOOD PRODUCERS.
PRODUCERS use some of the food they produce for their activities and building their body tissues (growth). The rest is stored in various parts of the body.
Answer: Its C, Producers will create glucose, which is the primary source of food.
Explanation: The person above me is right and I also got it right on the test :) hope this helps.
How Can I Explain Why A Theory Is Also A Hypothesis?
Answers
Answer:
well a hypothesis is literally a scientific assumption or theory used to describe what they think is going to happen during a experiment
