Topic: The Dutch ,Khoikhoi and San during the DEIC period(1652-1795)

Question: Discuss the intergroup relation between the Dutch,San and the Khoikhoi at the Cape(1652-1795).Focus on the incorporation of the Khoikhoi into the European-dominated society as wage-labourers subject to Dutch law,the treatment and the hostile relationship of the San by the Dutch on the Northern Frontier .

The following can be used as a guideline:
● Introduction
●The Dutch San and the Khoikhoi
●The Distribution of the San and the Khoikhoi at the Cape
factors determining the relations between the Dutch ,San and the Khoikhoi
●The Position of the Khoikhoi at the Cape Society
●The Dutch as dominant role players at the Cape over the San and KhoiKhoi subordinates.
●Conclusion ​

             The Dutch, Khoikhoi, and San during the DEIC period,  

                                              1652-1795

   In 1652, Jan van Riebeeck, a VOC official, built a post at the Cape of Good Hope, Africa's southernmost point. On the long and hard trip to East Asia, the goal was to create a station where traders could resupply their ships with fresh water and food. The VOC transported soldiers, slaves, and settlers to the Cape from the Netherlands and the East, and when Europeans began to live there, the station became a traditional colony. The Khoikhoi are Southern African people with small stature and a dark yellowish-brown complexion who used to live around the Cape of Good Hope but are now extinct. Jan van Riebeeck asked slaves to help him gather food and water for passing VOC ships shortly after his arrival at the Cape of Good Hope.  

   He had been told to build a tiny fort, secure supplies of freshwater, and plan a garden where he could grow fresh food. The original colony was made up of VOC servants and was located on the tiny peninsula that now houses Table Mountain. The hamlet was protected by a hedge with a succession of observation points when relations with the local Khoikhoi community began to deteriorate.

   The Cape of Good Hope is Africa's southernmost point and was once home to the Khoikhoi, a Southern African people with small stature and a dark yellowish-brown complexion. In 1652, Jan van Riebeeck, a VOC official, built a post where traders could resupply their ships with fresh water and food. The original colony was made up of VOC servants and was located on the tiny peninsula that now houses Table Mountain. After being liberated from their contracts with the VOC, these men were allowed to become free burghers or citizens. The year 1656 marked the start of a long-running battle between the Dutch and Southeast Asia's indigenous Khoi people.

   The conflict arose because of Dutch farmers' acquisition of land in the impacted area. The Khoikhoi were forced to migrate northward into less fertile and dry regions of the region, where they joined forces with the San ethnic groups to survive and prosper after an extended period of misery. Smallpox outbreaks among the Cape Colony's slave population began on April 8, 1713, when the disease spread among the colony's slaves. Europeans and Khoikhoi were among those who became ill since they had never been exposed to smallpox and lacked natural immunity to the disease. Some survivors managed to flee and came into conflict with other groups, with whom they were unable to reach a peaceful agreement.

   As a result, natives were unable to be enslaved because the Cape was never meant to be a colony, but to serve as a stopover between two points on the trip. As a result, it was essential for the Dutch to maintain positive relationships with indigenous tribes such as the Khoi and San, who supplied them with fresh meat when they needed it. Meanwhile, the essential slaves were taking an abnormally long time to arrive, and the refreshment station's work requirements caused Van Riebeeck's orders to be ignored due to the station's labor requirements.  

   Soon after, the VOC employees were overburdened by the demands of passing ships, and they were transferred to their own farms, per van Riebeeck's advice, to better handle the passing ships. To optimize their profit margins, these groups of farmers would first cultivate food for their personal use before selling it to the VOC. After being liberated from their contracts with the VOC, these men were allowed to become free burghers or citizens by purchasing land and joining a burgher militia.  

   The Liesbeeck River was the site of the first colony of free burghers, which took place on the river's banks in 1657. There were forty free burghers in the region when Jan van Riebeeck left the Cape in 1662 to become commander of the newly established station in Malacca, with fifteen women and twenty children in all. During this process, a permanent settlement was established, which expanded in size until the VOC seized Hottentots Holland, False Bay, and Saldanha Bay in 1672, giving them control of the whole South African continent.

   The year 1656 marked the start of a long-running battle between the Dutch and Southeast Asia's indigenous Khoi people. This scenario arose because of Dutch farmers' acquisition of land in the impacted area. They contended that, as nomadic people, they should be free to graze their cattle on any area in the region, as they had done previously. The administration, on the other hand, was not convinced. Farmers in the Netherlands, on the other hand, had been granted land in the regions where they farmed and lived as part of a policy of freehold ownership, and the Khoikhoi thought that they should have the same privilege in their own homeland.  

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