Answer:
protons against a concentration gradient.
Explanation:
Cellular respiration can be defined as a series of metabolic reactions that typically occur in cells so as to produce energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). During cellular respiration, high energy intermediates are created that can then be oxidized to make adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Therefore, the intermediary products are produced at the glycolysis and citric acid cycle stage.
Hence, during cellular respiration, most adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is formed as a direct result of the net movement of protons against a concentration gradient in the electron transport chain.
Additionally, mitochondria provides all the energy required in the cell by transforming energy forms through series of chemical reactions; breaking down of glucose into Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) used for providing energy for cellular activities in the body of living organisms.
Through the process of chemiosmosis, the H+ gradient is used to produce ATP molecules. During cell respiration, most ATP is formed as a direct result of the net movement of hydrogen ions down a concentration gradient.
---------------------------------
Let us review the oxidative phosphorylation process.
The electron transporter chain + chemiosmosis constitute the process of oxidative phosphorylation.
Chemiosimosis refers to the ATP production through a proton gradient
The electron transporter chain is a series of molecules and proteins located in the internal mitochondrial membrane. It constitutes a series of enzymatic reactions to release and save energy for the organism’s correct functioning.
Along the chain, there are four proteinic complexes in the membrane, I, II, III, and IV, that contain the electrons transporters and the enzymes necessary to catalyze the electrons' transference from one complex to the other.
Different redox reactions occur to pass electrons along the chain.
Released energy creates a proton concentration gradient used to synthesize ATP.
1) NADH provides electrons to the first complex, Complex I. From there, electrons go to the coenzyme Q that carries them to complex II. Meanwhile, complex I pomp four protons to the intermembrane space.
2) Complex II receives electrons from CoQ and also receives electrons from FADH2. Electrons are sent from complex II to ubiquinone Q that carries these electrons to complex III.
3) Complex III receives electrons from ubiquinone Q and pomps protons to the intermembrane space. Electrons are transferred to Cytochrome c.
Electrons travel from cytochrome c to complex IV.
4) Complex IV is the last complex that pomps protons to the intermembrane space.
5) Electrons are sent to O₂ molecules, which also receive protons in the matrix to create water molecules. Four electrons are needed to produce two water molecules from one O₂ molecule.
Since too many protons were pumped to the intermembrane space by complexes I, III and IV, an electrochemical gradient is created.
Protons tend to go back to the matrix, but they can only pass the membrane through an integral membrane protein.
H+ returns to the mitochondrial matrix through the ATP synthase.
While H+ passes to the matrix, ATP is produced by this Chemiosmotic process.
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what process has the effect of changing ploidy?
Answer:
Ploidy is the number of complete sets of chromosomes in a cell, and hence the number of possible alleles for autosomal and pseudoautosomal genes. For many organisms, especially plants and fungi, changes in ploidy level between generations are major drivers of speciation
Explanation:
Hope this helps.. this is something I got from a website. I didn't got the paste and the copy from someone else..
;)
Meiosis and fertilization are cellular processes capable of changing the ploidy level.
The ploidy level refers to the number of sets of homologous chromosomes in a given cell type.Meiosis is a type of cell division that is capable of reducing the number of chromosomes in the parent cell and thus produces four (4) gametes or germ cells.These gametes contain half the normal (i.e., somatic) number of chromosomes. During fertilization, two gametes combine to re-establish the ploidy level, i.e., the normal chromosome number in somatic cells.Thus, fertilization can restore the ploidy level of the parents.In conclusion, meiosis and fertilization are cellular processes capable of changing the ploidy level.
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what occurs when an antibody attaches to a virus?
a-the antibody turns into a macrophage
b-the antibody turns into a t cell
c-the virus replicates
d-the virus is destroyed
5. True or False: The medium moves along with a wave.
Answer:
false
Explanation:
it is not the medium that actually is traveling it’s the energy.
What processes draw the flow of carbon between living and nonliving components of ecosystems? Choose all that apply.
photosynthesis
evaporation
decomposition
cellular respiration
Answer:
A and B maybe
Explanation:
Answer:
A, B, and probably D
Explanation:
Answer the questions
Answer:
This is for the table at the top
Plentiful roaming space- increase - because they have more space they can live in.
Severe drought - decrease- because they wont have enough water
abundant food source - increase - Because they have enough food to sustain themselves
Habitat destruction - decrease - Because they won't have a place to live in
Elimination of predators - increase - Because there will be less animals hunting them for food.
Lack of competition - increase - Because they won't have to compete for food which will allow them to have more.
Disease outbreak - decrease - Because the disease will kill a lot of them and can potentially cause birth rates to go down
80 points!
I need a one paragraph explanation of what a landform is.
I also need a one paragraph explanation of what a relief map is.
Thanks!
Which is not a part of the cell theory?
a. cells are the basic building block for living things.
b. all living things are made up of one or more cells.
c. animal cells are more advanced than plant cells.
Answer:
c
Explanation:
Answer:
The answer is C.
Explanation:
The cell theory has three parts; all living things are made of cells, cells are the basic units of life, and any cell comes from a pre-existing cell. So with these points, you can see that C is not a part of the cell theory.
Hope this helps :)
Why are bacteria a necessary part of the nitrogen cycle?
Other living things cannot use atmospheric nitrogen.
Other living things cannot use the nitrogen in plants.
Bacteria are the main nitrogen reservoir.
Bacteria are the main nitrogen transpirators.
Answer: The answer is... (A) Other living things cannot use atmospheric nitrogen
Explanation:
Other living things cannot use the nitrogen in plants except bacteria which has the ability to use and convert nitrogen.
Role of bacteria in Nitrogen cycle
Atmospheric Nitrogen gas can't use by the plants directly but the bacteria are able to use the atmospheric nitrogen and convert it in available form to the plants.
The decomposers, soil bacteria and fungi break down proteins in dead organisms and animal wastes, releasing ammonium ions which can be converted to other nitrogen compounds which make the bacteria an important part of nitrogen cycle.
In conclusion, bacteria is the only organism which can use nitrogen.
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Check all that apply for Mitosis
daughter and parent cells have the same number of chromosomes
daughter cells have half the number of chromosomes as parents
divides once
divides twice
2 daughter cells
4 daughter cells
Answer:
With respect to mitosis it is true that:
Daughter and parent cells have the same number of chromosomes.Divides once.2 daughter cells.Explanation:
Mitosis is the process of cell division that occurs in somatic cells, resulting in two daughter cells identical to the original cell, that gave rise to them. This process occurs because of the need of organisms to grow, develop, regenerate and repair themselves.
Somatic cells are diploid cells —full chromosome charge— and the result of their mitotic division are diploid daughter cells. The process of mitosis occurs only once during each cell cycle.
The other options correspond to meiosis, where from one cell haploid daughter cells are obtained, two successive divisions occur - meiosis I and II, the final result being 4 cells.
Which of the following adds inorganic phosphorus to an ecosystem
Answer:
The largest reservoir of phosphorous is sedimentary rock.
Major sources of phosphorous to aquatic ecosystems are fertilizer runoff, sewage leaks, and industrial wastes.
Eccess phosphorous can lead to eutrophication
Explanation:
Phosphorus come from different sources such as aquatic ecosystems and fertilizers used for plants. When these substances containing phosphorus and those from industrial wastes find their way into water bodies, they tend to cause eutrophication, which is the natural enrichment of water bodies.
Also, it is known that a very small portion of phosphoric acid contribute to acid rain in the atmosphere.
What are the cons of purchasing a home? A. Buyers are typically required to buy homeowner's insurance. B. Home owners have to pay for their own home repairs. C. Buyers must have necessary funds and/or qualify for a loan. D. All of the above I WILL BRAINTELEST
Answer:
D
Explanation:
the distance from Earth to the sun is
a. 15 AUs
b. 1 AU
c. 150,000,000 AUs
D. unable to be measured
Answer: D
Explanation:
Answer:
The correct answer is C. 1 AU
Explanation
I got C correct in the Exam
If a plant lost light exposure, in what ways would photosynthesis be affected?
Answer:
Too much light energy would damage plants' biological structure and prevent photosynthesis from happening. This is why the photosynthetic process, in general, shuts down during the hottest hours of the day.
What does an equation that shows water and carbon dioxide combining to form glucose and oxygen represent
a)Krebs cycle
b)Cellular respiration
c)Photosynthesis
d)Fermentation
Answer:
c)Photosynthesis
Explanation:
In bacteria, plants, and other eukaryotic species, photosynthesis is a biochemical process that is important for energy production; here, chemical energy is produced in the form of glucose molecules from:
Water Carbon dioxideLight energy
During photosynthesis, inorganic carbon is fixed by plants into high-energy carbohydrates and oxygen as a waste product...
6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light → C6H12O6 + 6 O2
Carbon Dioxide + Water + Light Glucose + Oxygen
All animals are eukaryotes. In a sentence or two, explain what this means.
Answer:
They all lack cell walls and chloroplasts and have smaller vacoules
Answer:
they consist of a cell or cells in which the genetic material is DNA in the form of chromosomes contained within a distinct nucleus
Explanation:
3. (04.03 MC)
which description properly describes a step involved in cellular respiration? (4 points)
Glucose is created, then the energy gained is transferred to the energy molecule.
Carbon dioxide is combined with oxygen to make glucose.
Water is divided into carbon dioxide and glucose.
Oxygen is combined with the carbon atoms left from the glucose molecule.
Answer:
Oxygen is combined with the carbon atoms left from the glucose molecule.Explanation:
Plants are producers that make polysaccharides through the process of photosynthesis. These polysaccharides, are used to store chemical energy stably in their covalent bonds.
Mitochondria break down sugars in cellular respiration. Aerobic respiration for instance, breaks down glucose in the presence of oxygen, which produces carbon dioxide and water, while transferring energy to the molecule ADP, to produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate).
C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ≅38 ATP
glucose+ oxygen → carbon dioxide+ water+ energy
Oxygen is the final electron acceptor, it combines with the leftover carbons in respiration resulting in the waste product [tex]CO_{2} \\[/tex].
Answer:
Oxygen is combined with the carbon atoms left from the glucose molecule.
Explanation:
I just got i correct <3
sorry for a grainy picture. please help, and please don’t answer something random just for points, this is due in 30 mins
Answer:
the answer is the number of moons
Explanation:
Planets are massive celestial bodies that orbit a star or stellar remnant. ... Planets may have natural satellites (moons) and may or may not be inhabited. Every planet has a unique infographic, but most of them cannot be interacted with. Travel from planet to planet requires use of the Galaxy Map.
What process is affected when leaves are removed from a lycophyte
Answer: Photosynthesis.
Explanation: Lycophytes need their leaves in order to do photosynthesis,
if not, they will die.
Using the definition given during the meeting, define "biology "
Answer:
The study of life and all living creatures or organisms
Explanation:
Bio- means life and -ology means the study of
Therefore, the term biology means the study of life and all living creatures or organisms
PLEASE HELP!!! WILL MARK BRAINLIST!!!!
Cuttlefish are small organisms that live in the cold deep waters of the ocean. They have elongated bodies with tentacles surrounding their mouths. They contain pigmented organs called chromatophores that allow them to change color in order to blend into their environment. Their diets consist of small fish, crustaceans, shrimp, and crabs. The picture on the right shows an infant cuttlefish sitting on the ocean floor. Which of the following best explains this young cuttlefish's behavior?
A. The cuttlefish sees a predator which is an external stimulus. It then responds to its internal stimulus of Fear by changing color to blend into its surroundings in order to hide from the predator.
B. The cuttlefish sees a predator which is an internal stimulus. It then responds to its internal stimulus of fear by changing color to blend into its surroundings in order to hide from the predator.
C. The cuttlefish sees a predator which is an internal stimulus. It then responds to its external stimulus of fear by changing color to blend into its surroundings in order to hide from th predator.
D. Cuttlefish for which is an external stimulus. It then responds to its external stimulus of fear by changing color to blend into its surroundings in order to hide from the predator.
E. The cuttlefish sees a predator which is external stimulus. It then responds to its internal stimulus of fear by changing its eating habits and hunting the predator.
Answer:
it may be D. But, im not 100% sure. I hope this helped a little
Answer: C
Explanation:
internal: Internal Stimulus. An Internal Stimulus is a stimulus that comes from. inside an organism. Examples: You have an infection so you run a fever.
external: External Stimulus. An External Stimulus is a stimulus that comes from. outside an organism. Examples: You feel cold so you put on a jacket.
HELP!!!!!!
Jack and Jill have no children. However, if they can produce four daughters, they will inherit four million dollars from their grandparents. What is the probability of having four girls?
Answer:
tbh in my opinion i dont know if its right i think its 26%
Explanation:
Yasmine is asked to describe the structural organization of chloroplasts. She writes the following sentence:
"A chloroplast contains thylakoid stacks, called stroma, that are surrounded by fluid-filled grana."
Which change to the sentence is necessary to make the sentence accurate?
A. Replace "grana" with "chlorophyll."
B. Replace "stroma" with "chlorophyll."
C. Exchange the positions of "stroma" and "grana."
D. Exchange the positions of "thylakoid" and "stroma."
Answer:
C. Exchange the positions of "stroma" and "grana."
"A chloroplast contains thylakoid stacks, called grana, that are surrounded by fluid-filled stroma."
Explanation:
A dynamic biochemical process, photosynthesis, occurs within the chloroplasts of plants. Here, to form stable carbohydrates, light energy is transformed into chemical energy.
6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light → C6H12O6 + 6 O2
Carbon Dioxide + Water + Light Glucose + Oxygen
Chloroplasts are tiny, highly-folded, membrane-bounded organelles containing enzymes, pigments and other molecules that mediate photosynthesis. In the stack of grana, pigments like chlorophyll, absorb light energy for the light-dependent reactions.
Which example of artificial selection is caused by human activity
Answer:
Un ejemplo de la selección artificial es el caso de los perros, evolucionaron de los lobos, sin embargo, esta evolución se dio a partir de la selección de ciertos atributos que los humanos fuimos seleccionando. Las razas actuales tienen características que seleccionamos para distintas funciones.
Explanation:
no seeds in watermelons
Quincy and Leon are comparing sponges and cnidarians. Quincy says that spicules in sponges are similar to stinging cells in cnidarians. Leon disagrees.
Which best explains who is correct?
A. Leon is correct, because sponges have stinging cells and cnidarians have spicules.
B. Leon is correct, because spicules help sponges during reproduction and stinging cells are not involved in reproduction.
C. Quincy is correct, because both spicules and stinging cells can be used to protect against predators.
D. Quincy is correct, because both spicules and stinging cells can be used for stinging prey.
Answer:
Quincy is correct, because both spicules and stinging cells can be used to protect against predators.
Explanation:
its right on the quiz
Answer:
the answer is C
Explanation:
hope it helps (●'◡'●)(●'◡'●)
An early model of the atom, shown below, incorrectly described the structure of the atom as an area of positive charge with small, negatively charged particles inside
The Plum Pudding
Model of an Atom
charged
Negatively
charged des
Which of the following correctly describes why the plum pudding model is no longer accepted as an accurate model of the atom?
There aren't actually negatively charged particles in atoms
o Scientists found new evidence and revised the theory to fit the data better.
o Scientists discovered that atoms actually have positively charged partides dispersed throughout a negative mass.
Scientists revised the evidence to fit this model of the atom better.
Answer:
B
Explanation:
Scientists discovered that atoms actually have positively charged particles dispersed throughout a negative atomic mass correctly describes why the plum pudding model is no longer accepted as an accurate model of the atom.
What is the difference between atomic number and atomic mass ?
Atomic number of an element is defined as total number of protons present in the nucleus, neutrons carry no net electrical charge, so it is the charge number of the nucleus.
atomic mass of an element can be defined as the atomic weight is measured total mass of an element’s atom, the total number of neutrons and protons in the nucleus of an atom.
Both Atomic mass and an atomic number of elements are closely related if atomic number is high, then the atomic mass is also said to be high.
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Natural erosion can be caused by _______.
a.
farming
b.
wind
c.
deforestation
d.
all of the above
Answer:
Deforestation
Explanation:
Erosion may occur when deforestation is in place, it sweeps land into the rivers. If this isnt the answer then it might be all of the above
Answer: B. wind
Explanation: The question is asking for "natural" erosion which occurs "naturally". Farming and deforestation both DO NOT occur naturally- it is done by HUMANS. Wind would be the only correct choice on edge2020 :)
Which method is most appropriate for finding out which of the layers to the right
is the youngest?
Click to review the online content. Then answer the question(s) below, using complete sentences. Scroll down to view additional questions.
Online Content: Site 1
Fitness Log
How are glycolysis and phosphagen systems used in both aerobic and anaerobic exercise? (Site 1)
Answer:
Aerobic glycolysis has a slow rate of ATP production and is predominantly utilized during longer-duration, lower-intensity activities after the phosphagen and anaerobic systems have fatigued. It is important to remember that all three of these systems contribute to the energy needs of the body during physical activity
Can I get brainliest so I can reach the next rank?
Breathing rate and pulse rate indirectly measure cellular
respiration because during cellular respiration
[ Select]
and [Select]
Cry Shape HeartyAnswer:Cry Shape Hearty
Cry Shape HeartyCry Shape Hearty
Cry Shape HeartyExplanation:Cry Shape Hearty
Cry Shape HeartyCry Shape Hearty
Mark is heterozygous. If B is for brown hair, and b is for blonde hair, what is Mark's phenotype? HELP I NEED TO PASS THIS TEST
A.
Brown Hair
B.
Blonde Hair
C.
Brown and Blonde Hair
D.
Black Hair
Answer: His phenotype will be Bb. He will have brown hair because it is a dominant trait.
Explanation: Heterozygous indicates that there are two different genes present in a genotype (Bb instead of BB or bb).
Mark's phenotype will be Brown hair because he is Bb i.e. heterozygous.
What is phenotype?The term phenotype simply refers to a trait that may be observed.
Pheno means observe.
The observable qualities or traits of an organism resulting from the interplay of genetics and environment i.e. one or more genes physical expression.
What is heterozygous?At a given gene locus, the existence of two distinct alleles.
One recessive gene and one dominant gene or two separate mutated alleles, can make up a heterozygous genotype.
so, the Mark's phenotype will have brown hair because he is heterozygous thus contain Bb and B is responsible brown hair which is dominant over gene b which is recessive and responsible of blonde hair.
Hence, the correct answer is A.
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