In cell culture experiments, purified B cells expressing IgM can be induced to switch to producing IgE by stimulating them with an antibody to CD40 (a stimulatory antibody) plus the cytokine IL-4. In an individual undergoing an immune response, these signals would normally be provided by:
Answer:
TFH cells in the germinal center
Explanation:
The Tfh cells, present in the germinal center, are responsible for maturing and stimulating the class change of immunoglobulins (such as the change from IgM to IgE). This change could stimulate the new classes of immunoglobulins to act with stimulating antibodies to produce an immune response.
It is important to point out that the germinal center is the activated point of a lymphoid follicle that contains B and T lymphocytes, which act in the memory of the cells of the immune system.
What is one of the negative consequences of burning waste?
A. It reduces consumption
B. It pollutes the groundwater
C. It contributes to climate change
D. It creates runoff
Answer:
B. It pollutes the groundwater.
Answer:
B. It pollutes the groundwater.
There are four different combinations of offspring genotypes in every Punnett square. Fill in the blanks below to complete the ratio for the Punnet square shown to the right.
Where's the Punnett square?
Muốn có vitamin D tránh loãng xương, còi xương ta cần phải là gì:
Answer:
Phơi nắng vào buổi sáng.
Answer:
chúng ta phải bổ sung thêm vitamin D qua các sản phẩm như lòng đỏ trứng, cá, sữa.
Explanation:
A scientist wishes to create bacterial colonies on an agar plate for observation of growth. Unfortunately, directly adding bacteria from the original culture results in too many bacterial colonies to count. In order to create a solution of proper bacterial concentration for observation, the scientist performs a three-step 1:100 serial dilution of the original bacterial culture. What is the dilution factor of the final solution
Answer:
10⁶
Explanation:
A 1:100 serial dilution is a dilution in which the concentration decreases 100 fold (i.e., in each dilution the concentration of the culture must be multiplied by 10⁻²). The question above indicates that a three-step 1:100 dilution was applied, which means >> 10⁻² x 10⁻² x 10⁻² = 10⁻⁶. Moreover, the dilution factor can be calculated by dividing the volume of the diluted solution by the volume of the concentrated solution. The dilution factor is the inverse of dilution, thereby in this case this value is equal to 10⁶ (dilution = 10⁻⁶ >> dilution factor = 10⁶).
name the importance of cohesive and adhesive forces in transpiration
Answer:
Cohesion and adhesion draw water up the xylem. Transpiration draws water from the leaf. Negative water potential draws water into the root hairs. Cohesion and adhesion draw water up the phloem.
Each chromosome is like a package that contains numerous _____. Dna molecules. Traits. Genes. Cells. Help needed ASAP
Answer:
Each chromosome is like a package that contains numerous genes.
I hope this helps
The CEII THEORY STATES Thay CElls
Answer:
The cell theory states that all biological organisms are composed of cells; cells are the unit of life and all life comes from preexisting life.
Explanation:
your mom
Explain how the changes in the villi of a person with coeliac disease may cause the person to lose weight and have low amounts of vitamins and minerals in their body
Answer:
The changes in the villi of a person with coeliac disease may cause the person to lose weight and have low amounts of vitamins and minerals in their body because Villi absorb vitamins, minerals and other nutrients from the food you eat.Which of the following is not a source of atmospheric carbon?
O Fossil fuel burning.
O Dead decaying trees in a forest.
O Oceans releasing CO2 into atmopshere as the water gets warmer.
Plant cell respiration.
Answer:
fossil fuel doesnt need atmospheric carbon for burning
Help needed in biology…!
Answers:
viii) ATP
ix) To extract its chlorophyll
x) Amino Acids
xi) Aquatic submerged plants
xii) Rapid blood flow at high pressure
Hope this helps!
[I learned this in Bio this year so I know the answers]
Based on this map, which of the following countries do you think contributes most to global climate change?
Answer:
The answer is C.united states
1.scientist solve problem in an organised way called ________
2.amoeba move or feed with ________
3.nucleus was first discovered by ________
4. creation of the something new called _______
5. longest cell is________
Answer:
1. Scientific method
2. pseudopods
3. In 1909, Ernest Rutherford’s
4. innovation
5. nerve cell
What period has the least amount of biodiversity
A . Neogene
B . Cambrian
C .Permian
D . Triassic
Answer:
Permian has the last amount of biodiversity since the period was covered with lava and ashes
Alto-cumulus clouds belong in which level of the atmosphere?
High level
Mid-layer
Low level
Very High level
Cloudlets, also known as altocumulus clouds, are tiny mid-level layers or patches of clouds that are most often seen as spherical clusters. Therefore, option (B) is correct.
What are alto-cumulus clouds?Cloudlets, also known as altocumulus clouds, are tiny mid-level layers or patches of clouds that are most often seen as spherical clusters. However, since there are so many different types of altocumulus, they may take on a variety of forms.
Indicators of convection, or increasing heat, in the atmosphere include altocumulus clouds. Warm air rises into the sky, where it cools and condenses nearby water droplets to create the cloud formations that we see from the ground.
Learn more about alto-cumulus clouds, here:
https://brainly.com/question/91938
#SPJ2
The Punnett square illustrates a cross for color of the flower.
Based on the phenotypes and genotypes of these offspring. It is clear that purple flower color allele is
and the parents are
dominant
polygenetic
recessive
ntum. All rights reserved.
hp
Answer:
All right reserved
Human skin color is a good example of polygenic (multiple gene) inheritance. Assume that three "dominant" capital letter genes (A, B and C) control dark pigmentation because more melanin is produced. The "recessive"alleles of these three genes (a, b & c) control light pigmentation because lower amounts of melanin are produced.
hope it will help
Here, from the cross of the purple and white flower, all offspring are purple, which indicates that the purple color is dominant in nature and is present in Option A.
What is Punnett Square?The Punnett square is a tool used to predict the probability of offspring inheriting specific alleles from their parents. If all of the offspring exhibit the same phenotype (such as purple flower color), it is likely that the parents both carried at least one dominant allele for that trait. This would mean that the purple flower color allele is dominant. Here, the parents are both purple and white, so all the offspring are dominant in nature.
Hence, from the cross of the purple and white flower, all offspring are purple, which indicates that the purple color is dominant in nature and is present in Option A.
Learn more about the Punnet Square here.
https://brainly.com/question/26538737
#SPJ7
complete question is below
The Punnett square illustrates a cross for color of the flower (purple- parent, white -parent). Based on the phenotypes and genotypes of these offspring (all purple), it is clear that purple flower color allele is
A.) Dominate
B.)polygenetic
C.) recessive
ASAP
What is a benefit of a plant having Chlorophyll and Carotenoids?
A. The plant can absorb energy from multiple wavelengths at once.
B. They can absorb both sunlight and moonlight .
C. It is not a benefit.
D. If one becomes damaged, the other can take over.
Answer:
Carotenoids have two important functions in plants. First, they can contribute to photosynthesis. They do this by transferring some of the light energy they absorb to chlorophylls, which then use this energy to drive photosynthesis. Second, they can protect plants which are over-exposed to sunlight. but the letter answer I don't know
The benefit of a plant having Chlorophyll and Carotenoids is that plant can absorb energy from multiple wavelengths at once. Option A is the right answer.
What are chlorophyll and carotenoids?Chlorophyll is the green pigment that is responsible for the green color in the leaves of plants. Carotenoid on the other hand is a yellow, orange, and red color pigment that is produced in plants, algae, and some other forms of bacteria.
Chlorophyll actively absorbs light from wavelengths in the range of blue to red.Chlorophyll poorly absorbs light from the green range.Hence, carotenoids absorb light in wavelengths that are ineffective by chlorophyll such as the blue-green range to green range.To learn more about chlorophyll and carotenoids, refer:
https://brainly.com/question/13500580
#SPJ2
A specimane collection helps a scientsist do research by:
A. Asembling a large number of sample comparisons
B.providing a way to afford even the most expensive equpment
C.creating a realistic depiction of an imaginary undersea world
D.summerizing the results of an other scientists investigations
Answer A:
Explanation:
If a cell has 10 chromosomes when it begins mitosis, how many will it have immediately afterword?
Answer:
Explanation:
Therefore, there will be two daughter cells at the end of mitosis. Each will have 10 chromosomes, if the parent cell has 10. The chromsomes will not have sister chromatids because after mitosis, the duplicated pairs have separated into the two daughter cells. The cells will each be diploid, just as the parent cell was.
Explanation:
If a cell has 10 chromosomes when it begins mitosis, there are 15 will have immediately afterword.
what is menstruation and why does it occurs
Answer:
A period happens because of changes in hormones in the frame. Hormones are chemical messengers. The ovaries launch the lady hormones estrogen and progesterone . those hormones motive the liner of the uterus (or womb) to build up. The constructed-up lining is prepared for a fertilized egg to connect to and begin developing. If there is no fertilized egg, the liner breaks down and bleeds. Then the identical manner occurs all once more.
It normally takes about a month for the liner to build up, then smash down. this is why a lot of ladies and women get their periods round once a month.
Source:
https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/menstruation.html
https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/health-and-wellness/menstruation
thectgod ig follow
Is Brewer's yeast a type of bacteria
Explanation:
Brewer's yeast is an ingredient used in the production of beer and bread. It is made from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a one-celled fungus. ... Brewer's yeast is considered a probiotic and is used to aid digestion.
Answer:
Well Brewers Yeast is actually a Probiotic, and well a bacteria as well,
but its a good bacteria.
Explanation:
Fur color is a trait controlled by a dominant over recessive gene. The fur color is either brown or black.
Two brown mice and produce 12 offspring. Three (25%) of the offspring produced are black fur and nine (75%) have brown fur.
Based on the above data, answer the follow questions.
State which fur color is dominant (1 pt each).
State which fur color is recessive (1 pt each).
What is the genotype for the black fur (1 pt )
What is the genotypes for the brown fur (2 pts )
Answer:
Dominant: Brown colored fur
Recessive: Black colored fur
Black Fur Genotype: bb
Brown Fur Genotype: BB, Bb, or bB
Explanation:
B = Brown
b = Black
Which type of graph could be easily converted into a pie chart?
Answer:
bar graph can be easily converted to pie chart
Some of the smallest cells in the human body are red blood cells. They make up nearly half the volume of blood. A typical red blood cell is 8 µm across. The largest artery that blood flows through is the aorta, which is about 20 mm (2 cm) across. How many red blood cells would fit side-by-side across the aorta? Show your working.
Answer:
[tex]$1.6 \times 10^{-3}$[/tex]
Explanation:
Given data :
Size of a typical red blood cells = 8 µm
= 0.0008 cm
The size of the largest artery through which the blood flows, known as aorta
= 20 mm
= 2 cm
Thus the number of the red blood cells that would fit side by side across the aorta would be = 2 cm x 0.0008 cm
= [tex]$1.6 \times 10^{-3}$[/tex]
Why do we shiver when it is cold?
A. It is the brain stimulating the person to move to a warmer location.
B. It is an involuntary reaction that does not actually help our body.
C. The rapid twitching of the muscles generates heat.
D. It is a side-effect of the pancreas signaling to the brain that it is losing heat.
Answer:
C. The rapid twitching of the muscles generates heat.
Explanation:
When the body detects that it is cold, it will shiver in an attempt to create heat.
The rapid loosening and tightening of the muscles in this process creates heat.
This is a involuntary and natural response that helps return the body back to homeostasis and maintain a normal temperature.
So, the correct answer is C. The rapid twitching of the muscles generates heat.
Answer:
C. The rapid twitching of the muscles generates heat.
Explanation:
When someone feels cold, tiny sensors in your skin send messages to your brain telling you that you need to warm up.
a slow-moving stream has many plants growing in it. changes to the climate makes the water in the strem move much faster. what is the most likely effect of this change?
A. the stream will turn into a bog.
B. the stream will have fewer plants growing.
C. the stream will become more stagnant.
D. the stream will become more productive.
Answer:
B. the stream will have fewer plants growing.
Explanation:
Which of these is the main cause of habitat fragmentation? O A. Reduction in genetic diversity O B. Migration of mammal species O C. Demand for land use O D. Extinction of bird species
Answer:
C. Demand for land use
Explanation:
Habitat fragmentation usually occurs because of human activities such as new roads, parking lots, and housing developments. Organisms need their specific habitat for survival, and fragmentation is a leading threat to many terrestrial animals.
Which statement about water pollution is TRUE?Question 80 options: Air pollution can cause water pollution. There is a short list of substances that cause water pollution. Water pollution comes only from chemicals introduced into a body of water. Only surface water is at risk of becoming polluted. The origin of water pollution is always easy to identify and treat.
Answer:
Option A. Air pollution can cause water pollution.
Explanation:
Substances can permeate into the water from the air.
Water gets polluted by many causes, but a major cause is the air, and chemicals introduced can cause water pollution, hence option a and c is correct.
What is water pollution?Water pollution is described as the contamination of water sources by chemicals that render the water unsafe for drinking, cooking, cleaning, swimming, and other uses.
Chemicals, garbage, germs, and parasites all are types of pollutants. All types of pollutants eventually end up in the water. It has the possibility of contaminating drinking water, contributing to waterborne diseases.
Water pollution has an impact on the ecosystem as well because it could induce eutrophication. This can harm fish and other aquatic organisms.
Therefore chemicals and air both pollute the water, then through into the water bodies, hence a and c is the correct option.
Learn more about pollution, here:
https://brainly.com/question/3831510
#SPJ2
What is a hominid? A)a family of tree-swinging monkeys B)a family of baboons C) a family of primates that include humans D) a family of bipedal apes
Answer:
a family of primates that include humans
Explanation:
2) ¿Cuál de los siguientes hechos no es una evidencia de una reacción química? a) Presencia de un catalizador b) Cambio de color d) Liberación de gas
Answer:
a) Presencia de un catalizador
Explanation:
Los dos tipos de cambios que experimentan las sustancias en la química son cambios químicos y físicos.
Un cambio físico es un cambio es un cambio en el que la sustancia cambia en su apariencia o su forma de una manera que es reversible y en la que no se forma una nueva sustancia.
Un cambio químico es aquel en el que hay un cambio en las sustancias presentes y se forma una nueva sustancia.
La evidencia de que ha tenido lugar un cambio químico incluye
1) La formación de un precipitado a partir de la mezcla de sustancias.
2) Un cambio en el color de las sustancias.
3) Un cambio en el olfato (que desprende un olor) o en el sabor.
4) La sustancia produce luz (brilla)
5) El volumen total cambia
6) Cambio de temperatura (la mezcla se calienta o enfría)
Por lo tanto, la presencia de un catalizador, que es una sustancia que no participa en una reacción pero aumenta la velocidad de reacción, no es evidencia de una reacción química.
