A hand sanitizer was advertised to be more effective at killing bacteria than any antibacterial soap. Students were split
evenly into 4 groups test this claim. Groups 1-3 washed their hands using the assigned hand sanitizer or soap (see
table) and warm water for two minutes, and then dried their hands with a paper towel. Group 4 rubbed their hands
vigorously for 2 minutes in warm water, without any soap or sanitizer, and then dried their hands with a paper towel.
After washing, each student’s hands were swabbed and the swab was applied to a culture plate and incubated. Finally,
the bacterial cultures were counted.

Treatment Bacteria Growth (# of bacteria)
Group 1: Hand sanitizer 28
Group 2: Soap A 12
Group 3: Soap B 13
Group 4: Warm water 24
A. What are the independent and dependent variables in this experiment?
B. Based on the claims of the hand sanitizer advertisement, what was the hypothesis for this experiment?
C. What is the control group?
D. What are 3 constants?
E. Based on the results in the data table, was the advertisement supported or refuted/rejected? Explain your answer.

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

A) IV: Hand Sanitizer/Soap ; DV: #of bacteria

B) Hand Sanitizer is more effective in killing bacteria than Hand Soap.

C) Group 4 since they used neither product

D) Group 1, Group 2, and Group 3

E) The advertisement was rejected, because Hand Sanitizer was supposed to kill more bacteria, when in reality the Hand Soap did.

Explanation:

Hope this Helps!!

:D


Related Questions

Construct a scientific explanation based on evidence for the role of photosynthesis and cellular respiration in the cycling of matter and flow of energy into and out of organisms

Answers

6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light --> C6H12O6 + 6 O2. During this process, organisms such as plants go through the light-dependent and light-independent reactions to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugars and oxygen.

Feral pigs are an invasive species commonly found in the Pineywoods of East Texas. Areas where feral pigs are found often have damaged farmlands, grass, and tree roots. When the pigs live close to water sources, their presence erodes the soil. This disrupts the native vegetation and makes those plants vulnerable to invasive plant species. There are no known predators to feral pigs.

How will the removal of the feral pig affect existing populations in that ecosystem?
A- Removing the pigs will not affect the ecosystem because the pigs have no natural predators that will be affected by their removal.
B- Removing the pigs will cause an increase in native plant populations over generations because the pigs will no longer damage the land.
C- Removing the pigs will cause the native vegetation to become quickly overgrown because the plants will no longer be the prey of the pigs.
D- Removing the pigs will cause an increase in invasive plant populations because the pigs were the only organism eating invasive plants.

Answers

Answer:

B.

Explanation:

In the excerpt, it says that the pigs eat the native plants, and disrupt the land.

So by taking the pigs out of the ecosystem, it will result in the native plants growing again, and the land forming back to normal.

The statement (B) is correct. Removing the pigs will cause an increase in native plant populations over generations because the pigs will no longer damage the land.

What do you mean by native plants?

They are plants that have been growing in a particular habitat and region, typically for thousands of years or longer. Also called indigenous, they are well adapted to the climate, light, and soil conditions that characterize their ecosystem.

Moreover, a native species is found in a certain ecosystem due to natural processes such as natural distribution. The koala, for example, is native to Australia. No human intervention brought a native species to the area or influenced its spread to that area.

Hence, native trees: Palash,  Indian Coral tree, Sita Ashok, Indian cork tree, Neem, Peepal, Kadamba, Karanj. Native shrubs: Kanchan, Shankasur, Ratrani, Mehendi, Gulmehndi,  Parijatak. Native seasonal flowers: Utricularia, Balsam, Eriocaulon, Smithia.

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the atmosphere is mostly made up of the gases __ and __

Answers

Answer:

I believe nitrogen. hope that helps

Answer:

Nitrogen and oxygen

Explanation:

More nitrogen than oxygen.

Which technique reveals latent fingerprints on wooden furniture?

Answers

Answer: One of the most common methods for discovering and collecting latent fingerprints is by dusting a smooth or nonporous surface with fingerprint powder (black granular, aluminum flake, black magnetic, etc.).

4. Which are supposed to be healthier for humans to consume, saturated fats or unsaturated fats? Hypothesize what the types of bonds in the fats might have to do with this.

Answers

Answer: saturated fat is less healthful than unsaturated fat. However, the overall health impact of saturated fat remains controversial.

Explanation: research

which which of the following resources can disappear if it is used too quickly?​

Answers

Answer:

A. Fossil Fuels

Explanation:

1. The body has different types of defences against pathogens.
1 antibodies
2 hairs in the nose
3 mucus
4 skin
Which defences help to prevent pathogens reaching the alveol, when
breathing in?
A 1, 2, and 3
B 2, 3, and 4
C 2 and 3 only
D 2 only

Answers

2and3 only are the defense

The Arizona poppy is a plant that is native to the Southwestern United States. Its orange flower blooms in the summer and the plant is covered in small hairs. It is an important part of an ecosystem because at least 46 different species of insects visit the flower for food. The Arizona poppy has adapted to living in areas that receive less rain, but there are still periods of time that a drought occurs. What part(s) of photosynthesis would the plant not be able to perform if there were no rain? What would be the long-term effects on the plant if the drought continues? Explain your answer.

Answers

Answer:

See explanation

Explanation:

There are three main aspects of photosynthesis

(i) Absorption of light energy by chlorophyll.

(ii)Photolysis of water

(iii) combination of water and CO2 to form carbohydrates.

The second and the  third aspects of photosynthesis are controlled by the availability of water. Plants absorb water from the soil through their root hairs and it moves up to the leaves by capillary action.

Hence, if there is no rain (drought), the soil will lack water and so does the plant thereby hindering the uptake of water for the second and third stages of photosynthesis.

the Arizona poppy,  lie dormant during drought only to germinate, grow, flower, and yield seeds a few weeks after the rains return.

please answer quickly :)


When will a female exhibit a recessive sex-linked trait?
When will a male exhibit a recessive sex-linked trait?

Answers

Answer:

i think when they get touched in there sen·si·tive  spot

Explanation:

Where does the process of photosynthesis occur ?

Answers

Answer:

photosynthesis takes place in chloroplasts.

Answer:

chloroplast

Explanation:

Which of the following are characteristics of prokaryotes? Select all that apply.
Multiple select question.

A)
have multiple organelles

B)
have a chitin cell wall surrounding the cell

C)
genes are contained in the nucleus

D)
genes are contained in the nucleoid

E)
have a polysaccharide capsule surrounding the cell

F)
have no organelles

G)
multicellular organisms

H)
unicellular organisms

Answers

Answer:

answe E have a polysaccharide capsules surrounding the cell

Which of the following expressions is not a function of mitosis?

a) growth

b) repair of injury

c) replacement of cells

d) production of gametes

Answers

I believe the correct answer is B) repair of injury.

Sorry if this is incorrect but hope this helps!

Describe 2 adaptations that allow humans to be bipedal

Answers

the change in foot shape making the feet wider and longer than the hands and the curvature of the spine also adapted to it

Mary has a mass of 40 kg and sprints at 1 m/s how much kinetic energy does she have

Answers

Answer:

20 joules of kinetic energy.

Explanation:

i already know those answers but i need help on this 1 True or False-- Siblings (brothers and sisters) may or may not have the same combination of traits.

Answers

Answer:

answer me pls

Explanation:

The dimmer star in a two-star system passes in front of the brighter star. Which phenomenon does this describe?

nebular cluster
globular cluster
wobbling binary
eclipsing binary

Answers

Answer:

D : Eclipsing Binary

Credits go to the person above me.

;)

Explanation:

EDGE 2021

The phenomenon that is being described in this scenario is an eclipsing binary.

An eclipsing binary is a type of binary star system in which one star passes in front of the other, causing a periodic decrease in brightness as seen from Earth. This occurs because the star in front blocks some of the light emitted by the star behind it.

In an eclipsing binary, the period and depth of the eclipses can be used to determine the sizes and masses of the stars, as well as their distance from Earth. Therefore, eclipsing binaries are important tools for astronomers to study the properties of stars and their evolution.

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In your own words explain why the color of most leaves make a good tool for photosynthesis

Answers

Answer:

Chlorophyll absorbs red and blue light from the sunlight that falls on leaves. Therefore, the light reflected by the leaves is diminished in red and blue and appears green.

Explanation:

Why do we have different cells in our bodies if every cell has the same DNA?
A. Gene expression
B. Protein synthesis
C. Meiosis
D. Mitosis

Answers

Answer:

A. Gene expression

Explanation:

Every cell has the same DNA, but because of gene expression, we have different cells in our bodies.

Gene expression turns specific genes on and off, which makes each cell have a unique function with differences in things such as protein types.

Gene expression also leads to different cells in our bodies because it changes the function of certain cells.

For example, red blood cells and white blood cells have different functions because of different gene expressions.

So, A is correct.

Due to gene expression one have different cells in the bodies.

What is gene expression?

It refers to the process by which a gene gets turned on within a cell to produce proteins and RNA. Each cell in the body possesses the same DNA, however, it is because of gene expression that one possess distinct cells within the bodies.

As it makes particular genes turn on and off, therefore, each gene exhibit distinct functions with variations in the things like kinds of proteins. The gene expression also results in the formation of distinct kinds of cells due to differences in the functions performed by them.

Like platelets and white blood cells exhibit distinct functions due to distinct gene expressions.  Thus, the correct answer is option A, that is, gene expression.

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What occurs when the sequence of bases that is coded is incorrect?
the resulting protein may not function properly
o the resulting protein will be disposed of
the resulting protein will disintegrate
O No answer text provided.

Answers

The answer is number 3

What is this please some one help .

Answers

Answer:

75%

Explanation:

Dominant means more. 100% is all so like all black. 50 is half-half which is wrong because its supposed to be more. 25% is wrong because its "more" so it has to be 75%

Hope this helps :D Please mark brainliest if correct D:

what are two properties of a good marker and why are good markers important?

Answers

Answer:

1. the color shown is the same as the color that it produces 2. the ink doesn't run out frequently

Explanation:

A good marker is determined by a fair price for a good quality .

which of the following is different between covalent and ironic bonds​

Answers

Answer: Ionic bonds are electrostatic in nature, resulting from that attraction of positive and negative ions that result from the electron transfer process; charge separation between covalently bonded atoms is less extreme.

Explanation:

Ionic bonds result from transfer of electrons, whereas covalent bonds are formed by sharing.  In an ionic bond, one atom essentially donates an electron to stabilize the other atom. In other words, the electron spends most of its time close to the bonded atom. Atoms that participate in an ionic bond have different electronegativity values from each other. A polar bond is formed by the attraction between oppositely-charged ions. For example, sodium and chloride form an ionic bond, to make NaCl, or table salt. You can predict an ionic bond will form when two atoms have different electronegativity values and detect an ionic compound by its properties, including a tendency to dissociate into ions in water while In a covalent bond, the atoms are bound by shared electrons. In a true covalent bond, the electronegativity values are the same (e.g., H2, O3), although in practice the electronegativity values just need to be close. If the electron is shared equally between the atoms forming a covalent bond, then the bond is said to be nonpolar. Usually, an electron is more attracted to one atom than to another, forming a polar covalent bond. For example, the atoms in water, H2O, are held together by polar covalent bonds. You can predict a covalent bond will form between two nonmetallic atoms. Also, covalent compounds may dissolve in water, but don't dissociate into ions.

Which of the following are components of modern evolutionary theory?
I. radiocarbon dating
II. population genetics
III. paleontology
IV. proteomes
A. II only
B. I, II, III and IV
C. I and III only
D. II, III, and IV only
E. I, II, and III only

Answers

Answer:

one and three only

Explanation:

because population genetics has nothing to do with history of the population and proteomes isn't included

Which statements describe floods and wildfires? Check all that apply.

Both are natural hazards that affect Florida.
Both may affect coastal and inland regions.
Both are caused by drought conditions.
Both are made worse by the presence of muck.
Both may be caused by thunderstorms.
Both may cause property destruction.

Answers

Answer: A, B, E, F,

Explanation:

Answer:

Both are natural hazards that affect Florida.

Both may affect coastal and inland regions.

Both may be caused by thunderstorms.

Both may cause property destruction.

Explanation:

Wildfires increase the potential for flooding, debris flows, and landslides. Smoke and other emissions contain pollutants that can cause significant health problems. they also threaten lives directly, and wildfire smoke can affect us all. They spread air pollution not only nearby, but thousands of miles away—causing breathing difficulties in even healthy individuals, not to mention children, older adults and those with heart disease, diabetes, asthma, COPD and other lung diseases.

On the other hand  Standing flood waters can also spread infectious diseases, contain chemical hazards, and cause injuries. Each year, flooding causes more deaths than any other hazard related to thunderstorms. The most common flood deaths occur when a vehicle is driven into hazardous flood waters.

. Which of these organisms are primary consumers?
Birds, shrimp, worms
Mollusks, shrimp, fish
Mollusks, crab, birds
Mollusks, shrimp, worms

Answers

The third row I think

Describe what happens during each event
in interphase:
· First gap:
· Synthesis:
· Second gap:

Answers

Answer:  There are three stages of interphase: G1 (first gap), S (synthesis of new DNA ), and G2 (second gap).

Cells spend most of their lives in interphase, specifically in the S phase where genetic material must be copied.

The cell grows and carries out biochemical functions, such as protein synthesis, in the G1 phase.

During the S phase, DNA is duplicated into two sister chromatids, and centrosomes, which give rise to the mitotic spindle, are also replicated.

In the G2 phase, energy is replenished, new proteins are synthesized, the cytoskeleton is dismantled, and additional growth occurs.

Explanation:

Which is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain of cellular respiration?
NADH
FADH2
oxygen
carbon dioxide

Answers

Answer:

The answer is Oxygen .. so the name "oxidative phosphorelaton".

ETC is the part of cellular respiration to break sugar into energy. Oxygen is the final electron acceptor in the ETC of the cellular respiration process. Thus, option c is correct.

What is ETC?

ETC is abbreviated for electron transport chain. It is one of the steps of the cellular respiration process that is involved in breaking the sugar molecule and oxygen into carbon dioxide, water, and energy. It uses electron and protein complexes to move the ions.

The oxygen acts as the final acceptor of the electron in the ETC due to its high electronegativity and affinity that allows it to accept electrons which leads to the formation of water as the byproduct. This further proceeds to the oxidative phosphorylation step.

Therefore, option c. oxygen accepts electrons in ETC.

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What is the blood flow of the antrial systole? ​

Answers

Your answer !flow directly from the atrium into the ventricle

Which landform is part of the cryosphere?

Answers

Answer:

The cryosphere is the portion of the Earth's surface where water is in solid form. It thus includes sea ice, lake ice and river-ice, snow cover, glaciers, ice caps and ice sheets, and frozen ground.

Explanation:

In other words, glacier.

Which process requires the expenditure of
cellular energy?
A. passive transport
B.
active transport
C. osmosis
D. diffusion

Answers

Answer:

D Difusion......

help ...

Active transport requires the expenditure of cellular energy. Therefore option B is correct.

Active transport is a process that requires the expenditure of cellular energy, typically in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

In active transport, molecules or ions are moved against their concentration gradient, from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration.

This movement against the concentration gradient requires energy to be expended by specific carrier proteins or pumps embedded in the cell membrane.

These pumps actively transport substances across the membrane, maintaining concentration gradients and facilitating the uptake of essential nutrients or the removal of waste products from the cell.

Passive transport, osmosis, and diffusion, on the other hand, do not require energy as they occur spontaneously along concentration gradients.

Therefore option B Active transport is correct.

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