why is helium used to lift blimps instead of hydrogen

Answers

Answer 1

Helium is used to lift blimps instead of hydrogen because hydrogen is highly flammable and can ignite when exposed to air.

A blimp is an airship that is buoyed by gas that is lighter than air. Because it has no rigid framework, it is also known as a "non-rigid airship." To fill the blimp with gas and lift it, helium is used. It's because helium is lighter than air and won't combust like hydrogen will.

Hydrogen is more buoyant than helium. However, since hydrogen is extremely flammable, it is not used as often. Helium is much more expensive than hydrogen. Helium's atomic structure is unique in that it has two electrons in the outermost electron shell, while hydrogen has one.

This causes the hydrogen atom to be more reactive than the helium atom because it only requires one electron to complete its outer electron shell. Helium is more secure than hydrogen and, since it is chemically inert, it does not react with other chemicals.When filling a blimp with helium, it is essential to ensure that the helium is lighter than air. The helium is then used to lift the blimp.

Helium is also used in weather balloons, vacuum chambers, medical and scientific applications, and welding and cooling. In a helium blimp, the helium gas is kept in a separate chamber from the blimp's shell. The helium chamber is filled with compressed helium gas and then the blimp shell is secured to it. Once the blimp is loaded with any necessary ballast and the gas is released, it will fly as long as it is properly controlled by the pilot.

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Related Questions

atexteotesutury) (6 mank) 6. Is a misture of ibuprofen enantiomers, (5) - tuprofen showed an ontical rotation of +34.1−54.5 How mach of eachenantiomer is present in the mistote? Pure (S) enantiorner fist a wecific rotation of +54.5(destrototatoryh i 6 marks)

Answers

19.29% of (S)-enantiomer and 80.71% of (R)-enantiomer are present in the mixture.

Optical rotation of a mixture of ibuprofen enantiomers, (5)-tuprofen = +34.1.

Specific rotation of pure (S)-enantiomer of ibuprofen, [α]D° = +54.5.

The molecular formula of ibuprofen is C13H18O2. Ibuprofen belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phenylpropionic acids. It is a member of the phenylpropionic acid class of molecules which are essentially analogues of ibuprofen. Thus, the molecular structure of ibuprofen is: IUPAC Name: 2-(4-isobutylphenyl)propanoic acid.

The observed specific rotation of the mixture of enantiomers is +34.1° and that of the pure (S)-enantiomer is +54.5°.

As we know, Specific rotation (α) = observed rotation (α°) / (l x c), where,

l = length of the cell, c = concentration of the sample (g/mL)

From the given data, we can write: α(observed) = α(mixture)α(mixture) = +34.1°α(S-enantiomer) = +54.5°

Now, we can use the following relation to calculate the amount of each enantiomer in the mixture:

Enantiomeric excess (e.e.) = {[α](observed) - [α](pure)] / [α](pure)} × 100%where [α] = specific rotation.

So, the enantiomeric excess (e.e.) of the mixture can be given as: e.e. = {[α](observed) - [α](pure)] / [α](pure)} × 100%

                                                                                                                     = {[+34.1° - (+54.5°)] / (+54.5°)} × 100%

                                                                                                                     = -37.43%

Now, the formula to calculate the amount of each enantiomer is:

Amount of (S)-enantiomer = (e.e. + 100%) / 2 × Total amount of ibuprofen

Amount of (R)-enantiomer = (100% - e.e.) / 2 × Total amount of ibuprofen

Putting the values, Amount of (S)-enantiomer = (-37.43% + 100%) / 2 × 6 = 19.29%

Amount of (R)-enantiomer = (100% - (-37.43%)) / 2 × 6 = 80.71%

Therefore, 19.29% of (S)-enantiomer and 80.71% of (R)-enantiomer are present in the mixture.

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3. The tensile strength of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is about 65 MPa. This assumes the sample has perfect quality (no flaws). Calculate the tensile stress required to fail a tensile coupon that has a 0.5 mm crack on one side (see illustration below). Use the single edge notch plate model to calculate the geometric factor (Y). Assume the fracture toughness of PMMA is 1 MPa m¹/2 O 12.5 mm b 0.5 mm crack

Answers

The tensile stress required to fail a tensile coupon that has a 0.5 mm crack on one side is about 14.35 MPa.

Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is a transparent thermoplastic often used as a lightweight or shatter-resistant alternative to glass. It is also used in casting, molding, and extrusion. The tensile strength of PMMA is roughly 65 MPa, but this value changes when a defect is present. The stress required to cause failure can be calculated using the single edge notch plate model to calculate the geometric factor Y.

The fracture toughness of PMMA is 1 MPa m¹/2, and the crack length is 0.5 mm. 12.5 mm is the width of the specimen.For a tensile coupon, the tensile stress required to fail it with a 0.5 mm crack on one side is calculated using the following formula:Stress = (K IC / Y √(πa)) × (b / W)where KIC is the fracture toughness, Y is the geometric factor, a is the crack length, b is the specimen width, and W is the specimen width. For a PMMA coupon with a 0.5 mm crack, a is 0.5/2 = 0.25 mm. Y = 1.12, according to the single edge notch plate model. Substituting the given values, the stress required to fail the coupon is:Stress = (1 MPa m¹/² / 1.12 √(π x 0.25 mm)) × (12.5 mm / 12.5 mm)≈ 14.35 MPa.

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A water molecule and a neutral carbon atom are initially 7.4×10
−6
m apart (about 74000 atomic diameters), and there are no other particles in the vicinity. The polarizability of a carbon atom has been measured to be α=1.96×10
−40
C⋅m/(N/C). A water molecule has a permanent dipole moment whose magnitude is 6.2×10
−30
C⋅m, which is much larger than the induced dipole for this situation. Assume that the dipole moment of the water molecule points toward the carbon atom. (Also assume the carbon atom is
12
C.) Part 1 (a) Calculate the initial magnitude and direction of the acceleration of the water molecule. magnitude m/s
2
direction Attempts: 2 of 15 used Part 2 (b) If the water molecule and carbon atom were initially 3 times as far apart, how much smaller would the initial acceleration of the water molecule be? (Enter the ratio of the magnitudes of the accelerations.)




a
ar


a
alir







=

Answers

The initial magnitude of the acceleration of the water molecule in the presence of the carbon atom is calculated in Part 1(a). The direction of the acceleration is not specified in the given question.
In Part 2(b), the question asks for the change in the magnitude of the initial acceleration when the distance between the water molecule and carbon atom is tripled.
The initial magnitude of the acceleration of the water molecule in the presence of the carbon atom is calculated in Part 1(a). The direction of the acceleration is not specified in the given question.
In Part 2(b), the question asks for the change in the magnitude of the initial acceleration when the distance between the water molecule and carbon atom is tripled.

Part 1(a): To calculate the initial magnitude of the acceleration of the water molecule, we need to consider the electric interaction between the permanent dipole moment of the water molecule and the induced dipole in the carbon atom.
However, the direction of the acceleration is not provided in the question, so we cannot determine it without additional information.

Part 2(b): If the distance between the water molecule and carbon atom is tripled while keeping the same initial conditions, the initial acceleration of the water molecule will decrease.
The exact ratio of the magnitudes of the accelerations can be determined using the inverse square law. According to the inverse square law, the force between two charged particles is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
Therefore, if the distance is tripled, the force and hence the acceleration will decrease by a factor of 1/9.

In conclusion, the initial magnitude of the acceleration of the water molecule can be calculated in Part 1(a), but the direction is not given. In Part 2(b), the ratio of the magnitudes of the accelerations would be 1:9 when the distance between the water molecule and carbon atom is tripled.
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Final answer:

The interaction between water molecule and carbonate atom can be represented using an equation that demonstrates induced dipole-induced dipole interactions. Acceleration of water molecule can be found using the Force equation. If the distance is tripled, the acceleration of the water molecule will be 1/81 times the initial acceleration.

Explanation:

The forces on the water molecule and the carbon atom due to their interaction would be due to induced dipole-induced dipole interactions. This can be represented by the equation:

F = 3πε₀α p²/r⁴

Where ε₀ is the permittivity of free space, α is the polarizability, p is the dipole moment, and r is the distance between the atoms. From this, you can find the acceleration of the water molecule using the formula F = ma. For your second part, applying the same equation with a distance 3 times as far, you would find the acceleration of the water molecule to be 1/81 times the initial acceleration. This is due to the equation demonstrating an inverse fourth power relationship.

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An ionized oxygen molecule (O _2^+)at point A has charge +e and moves at 1.44×10 ^3m/s in the positive x-direction. A constant electric force in the negative x-direction slows the molecule to a stop at point B, a distance of 0.751 mm past A on the x-axis. Calculate the x-component of the electric field and the potential difference between points A and B. (The mass of an oxygen molecule is 5.31×10 ^−26
kg and the fundamental charge is e=1.60×10 ^−19 C.) (a) the x-component of the electric field (in V/m ) V/m (b) the potential difference between points A and B . On planet Tehar, the free-fall acceleration is the same as that on Earth, but there is also a strong downward electric field that is the planet's surface. A 2.28−kg ball having a charge of 5.42_μC is thrown upward at a speed of 20.1 m/s. It hits the ground after an interval of 4.10 s. What is the potential difference between the starting point and the top point of the trajectory? (Use 9.8 m/s ^2for the acceleration due to gravity.)kV

Answers

(a) -4.72 × 107 V/m  (b) 150 V and 1.47 kV

(a) The equation for the force on a particle of charge q is given by F=qE

where

F is the force on the charge q,

E is the electric field at that point, and

q is the charge of the particle.

So, using the above equation, the x-component of the electric field is

E_x = F_x/q

where

F_x is the force in the x-direction and q is the charge of the oxygen molecule.

Therefore, using the above equations, we can find the electric field as follows:

F = ma,

where

F is the force, m is the mass of the particle, and a is the acceleration of the particle.

The force on the oxygen molecule is given by

F=qE_x,

where

q is the charge on the molecule and

E_x is the x-component of the electric field.

We have:

F = ma= qE_x

Therefore,

E_x = ma/q

We know that the mass of an oxygen molecule is 5.31×10^-26 kg and the fundamental charge is e = 1.60×10^-19 C.

Therefore,

E_x = (m × a)/q = [(5.31 × 10^-26) × (0 - 1.44 × 10^3)]/(1.60 × 10^-19)

       =- 4.72 × 10^7 V/m

(b)Potential difference is the difference in electric potential between two points.

The electric potential at a point is the amount of work done in bringing a unit positive charge from infinity to that point, i.e.,

V = W/q,

where

V is the electric potential at that point,

W is the work done in bringing a unit positive charge from infinity to that point, and q is the magnitude of the charge.

In this case, we need to find the potential difference between points A and B.

Since the oxygen molecule is brought to rest, all its kinetic energy is converted into potential energy,

i.e.,1/2 mv^2 = qΔV,

where

m is the mass of the oxygen molecule,

v is its initial velocity,

q is its charge, and

ΔV is the potential difference between A and B.

Therefore,

ΔV = (1/2 mv^2)/q = [(1/2) × (5.31 × 10^-26) × (1.44 × 10^3)^2]/(1.60 × 10^-19)= 150 V

Now, the potential difference between the starting point and the top point of the trajectory is given as follows:

Let the starting point be A and the top point of the trajectory be B.

The electric potential at A is 0 V.

At the top point of the trajectory, the velocity of the ball becomes 0.

Therefore, all its kinetic energy is converted into potential energy.

The potential difference between A and B is given byΔV = (1/2)mv2/gq,

where

m is the mass of the ball,

v is its initial velocity,

g is the acceleration due to gravity, and

q is the magnitude of its charge.

Substituting the given values,

we have

ΔV = (1/2)mv2/gq= (1/2) × 2.28 × (20.1)^2/9.8 × 5.42 × 10^-6= 1.47 × 10^6 V= 1.47 kV

Therefore, the potential difference between the starting point and the top point of the trajectory is 1.47 kV.

(a) -4.72 × 107 V/m (b) 150 V and 1.47 kV.

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Measurements of the radioactivity of a certain isotope tell you that the decay rate decreases from 8335 decays per minute to 3105 decays per minute over a period of 5.00 days. What is the half-life T_1/2 of this isotope? Express your answer to ,in days,three significance
"

Answers

The half-life T1/2 of the isotope is approximately 1.87 days.

The half-life T1/2 of the isotope in question, with a decay rate that decreases from 8335 decays per minute to 3105 decays per minute over 5.00 days, can be determined using the formula

T1/2 = tln(2) / ln(N₀/N),  where

t represents the elapsed time,

N₀ is the initial number of undecayed nuclei, and

N is the final number of undecayed nuclei.

Given:

t = 5.00 days

N₀ = 8335 decays per minute

N = 3105 decays per minute

Substituting the given values into the formula, we obtain:

T1/2 = 5.00ln(2) / ln(8335/3105)

Evaluating the equation, we find:

T1/2 ≈ 1.87 days (rounded to three significant figures)

Hence, the half-life T1/2 of the isotope is approximately 1.87 days.


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which of the following amino acids has its isoelectric point at the highest ph? a. Lysine

b. Threonine

c. Histidine

d. Arginine

e. Alanine

Answers

In conclusion, d. Arginine is the amino acid with the highest isoelectric point, at 10.76.

The amino acid that has its isoelectric point at the highest pH is d. Arginine. An amino acid is an organic compound that contains both an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) functional group. It also has a side chain (R group) that is unique to each of the 20 different amino acids.

The isoelectric point (pI) is the pH at which the amino acid has a net zero charge. This is the pH at which it does not migrate in an electric field. An amino acid is positively charged when the pH is less than the pI and negatively charged when the pH is greater than the pI.

Arginine is an amino acid that has a positively charged guanidine group in its side chain. It is an essential amino acid, which means that the body cannot synthesize it and must obtain it from food. The isoelectric point of arginine is 10.76, which is higher than that of the other amino acids listed:

Lysine has a pI of 9.74

Histidine has a pI of 7.59

Threonine has a pI of 5.6

Alanine has a pI of 6.11

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Explain emissivity and state its range. (2) (b) Surface A is coated with white paint and is maintained at a temperature of 200°C. It is located directly opposite surface B which is considered a black body and is maintained at a temperature of 800°C. Calculate the amount of heat that needs to be removed from surface A per unit area to maintain its constant temperature. Assume the following: emissivity = 0.97, view factor = 1; Stefan Boltzmann constant = 56.7 x 10-9 W/m².K4

Answers

Therefore, the amount of heat that needs to be removed from surface A per unit area to maintain its constant temperature is 296.5 W/m².

Emissivity refers to the ability of an object to radiate energy compared to a black body at the same temperature.

The range of emissivity is between 0 and 1. A perfectly reflecting surface has an emissivity of 0, whereas a black body has an emissivity of 1.
(b) Surface A, which is coated with white paint, has an emissivity of 0.97 and is maintained at a temperature of 200°C.

It is located directly opposite surface B, which is considered a black body and is maintained at a temperature of 800°C.
Using the Stefan-Boltzmann law, we can calculate the amount of heat that needs to be removed from surface A per unit area to maintain its constant temperature.
The Stefan-Boltzmann law states that the rate of heat transfer by radiation is proportional to the fourth power of the absolute temperature and is given by:
q/A = εσ(Ta⁴ - Tb⁴)F12
where q/A is the rate of heat transfer per unit area, Ta and Tb are the temperatures of surfaces A and B, ε is the emissivity of surface A, σ is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant, and F12 is the view factor, which is equal to 1 in this case

since the surfaces are directly opposite each other.
Plugging in the given values, we get:
q/A = 0.97 × 56.7 × 10⁻⁹ × (473.15⁴ - 1073.15⁴)
q/A = 296.5 W/m²
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Which of the following is false about DSC: A. A metal pan is placed on each disc. One of the pans contains a sample and the other is containing copper as reference. B. Both the sample and the reference are heated at a constant temperature rate (°C/min C. The transition temperatures for a sample are obtained using a standard reference sample 12 A fluctuating stress caused a material to fail at a stress lower than the yield strength due: A creep B, tension C. fatigue D. hardness 13 DBTT value should be below the working environment temp of the designed object: A. False B. True A test that is conducted on a sample such that different parts of a specimen experience different angular displacements is called? D. hardness BTT value should be below the working environment temp of the designed object: A. False B. True test that is conducted on a sample such that different parts of a specimen experie fferent angular displacements is called? A. Compressive test B. Torsion test C. Flexural test D. Fatigue test

Answers

Fatigue is a form of failure that occurs when a material is subjected to a fluctuating stress load. A torsion test is a mechanical test that is used to determine a material's mechanical properties under torsional loads. The test is conducted on a sample such that different parts of a specimen experience different angular displacements.

Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a thermal analysis method that examines the differences in the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a sample and reference as a function of temperature or time. Here's the answer to your questions.1. Which of the following is false about DSC: A metal pan is placed on each disc. One of the pans contains a sample, and the other contains copper as a reference.

A fluctuating stress caused a material to fail at a stress lower than the yield strength due to: Answer: fatigueFatigue is the answer to this question. Fatigue is a form of failure that occurs when a material is subjected to a fluctuating stress load. The stress load is below the yield strength, but it causes the material to fail. Fatigue is a common cause of failure in engineering materials, and it can lead to unexpected and catastrophic failures if not correctly accounted for during design.3. DBTT value should be below the working environment temp of the designed object. Answer: TrueDBTT value should be below the working environment temp of the designed object.

The statement is true. The DBTT value should be lower than the temperature of the working environment in which the object is being used. This is because the DBTT value is the temperature at which the material's ductility becomes brittle. A material with a high DBTT value is more prone to brittle fractures, which can be catastrophic in a working environment.4. A test that is conducted on a sample such that different parts of a specimen experience different angular displacements is called?The test is conducted on a sample such that different parts of a specimen experience different angular displacements. The results of the test are used to determine the material's shear modulus, which is a measure of the material's resistance to shear deformation.

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Methane gas (CHA) is burned in an adiabatic combustor with a given percentage of excess air. The pressure and temperature of both the air and fuel is 101 kPa and 298 K respectively. Assume that the mole fractions are 79% nitrogen and 21 % oxygen for air (use M=28.97 kg/kmol and R=0.287 kJ/kg-K) and that water is a vapor in the exhaust. The adiabatic flame temperature is the exhaust temperature that would satisfy the relationship Hproducts = Hreactants.

Given the values below, determine the following:
--Given Values--
m_fuel (kg) = 103
Excess Air = 44%

Determine the air fuel ratio. (kmol_air/kmol_fuel)

Answers

The air-fuel ratio is 4.5 kg/kg fuel.

Given Values: m_fuel = 103 kg, Excess Air = 44%.

To determine the air-fuel ratio, we need to determine the mass of air (kg_air) required for the combustion of 1 kg of fuel by stoichiometric combustion and then calculate the total mass of air by adding the excess air to it.

The stoichiometric combustion of Methane can be given as follows:

CH4 + 2(O2+3.76N2) --> CO2 + 2H2O + 7.52N2

The coefficient of oxygen in the above reaction is 2 kmol_air / kmol_CH4.

Now we can calculate the mass of air required for the stoichiometric combustion of 1 kg of fuel as:

mass of air per kmol of CH4 = 2*(32+3.76*28)*0.02897 = 49.92 kg/kmol_

mass of air per kg of CH4 = 49.92/16 = 3.12 kg/kg

We know that 103 kg of fuel is burned;

hence the mass of air required for stoichiometric combustion would be given by:

mass of air required for 103 kg of fuel = 103*3.12 = 321.36 kg/kg of fuel

Now, the mass of air required for the combustion of 1 kg of fuel with 44% excess air would be:m_{air} = m_{stoichometric air}*(1 + EA/100) = 321.36*(1+44/100) = 463.75 kg/kg of fuel

Thus, the air-fuel ratio would be given as:

AFR = (mass of air required for combustion of 1 kg of fuel) / 1 kg of fuel= 463.75/103 = 4.5 kg/kg of fuel

Hence, the air-fuel ratio is 4.5 kg/kg fuel.

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A radioactive sample consists of a mixture of
35
S and
32
P. Initially, 5% of the activity is due to the
35
S and 95% to the
32
P. At what subsequent time will the activities of the two nuclides in the sample be equal?

Answers

Initially, 5% of the Radio activity is due to the 35S and 95% to the 32P.

Since the activity of 35S is decreasing with time, the ratio of activities of 35S and 32P will change until it reaches 1:1 at a particular time.

Let the time at which the activities of both nuclides become equal be t seconds. The decay law for each nuclide is given by,

Activity at time t:

t = Initial activity × (1/2)^(t/half-life)

Where half-life is the time taken for the activity to fall to half its original value.

The half-lives for 35S and 32P are 87.1 days and 14.3 days, respectively.

The activities of the two nuclides will be equal at t seconds, where

5% × Initial activity of 35S × [tex](1/2)^{(t/87.1)}[/tex]

= 95% × Initial activity of 32P ×[tex](1/2)^{(t/14.3)}[/tex]

Solving this equation, t ≈ 40.7 days

Therefore, the activities of 35S and 32P will be equal after 40.7 days

The activities of 35S and 32P will be equal after 40.7 days.

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M photons at a wavelength of λ
1

are incident on a solution in a cuvette. The concentration of a specific chemical in the solution is N and the molar extinction of the solution (per unit length) is α. Derive an equation for the number of the emitted photons at wavelength λ
2

, if the quantum efficiency is η. Show details of your derivation and assumption.

Answers

The number of emitted photons at wavelength λ2 is directly proportional to the intensity of light at that wavelength.

The equation for the number of the emitted photons at wavelength λ2 is derived by using the Beer-Lambert law, which gives the relationship between the intensity of light and the concentration of the absorbing species in the solution.

The number of emitted photons at wavelength λ2 can be derived using the Beer-Lambert law, which gives the relationship between the intensity of light and the concentration of the absorbing species in the solution. The equation is given by

I = I0e-αl,

where I is the intensity of light after passing through a solution of thickness l, I0 is the initial intensity of light, α is the molar extinction coefficient (per unit length), and l is the path length of the solution. The molar extinction coefficient α is related to the concentration of the absorbing species

N by α = εN,

where ε is the molar extinction coefficient (per unit concentration).Thus, the equation for the number of emitted photons at wavelength λ2 is given by

N2 = η(I2/I1)(λ1/λ2),

where N2 is the number of emitted photons at wavelength λ2, η is the quantum efficiency, I1 is the initial intensity of light at wavelength λ1, and I2 is the intensity of light at wavelength λ2. The assumption made is that the quantum efficiency η is independent of the wavelength. Therefore, the number of emitted photons at wavelength λ2 is directly proportional to the intensity of light at that wavelength.

The equation for the number of emitted photons at wavelength λ2 is derived using the Beer-Lambert law, which gives the relationship between the intensity of light and the concentration of the absorbing species in the solution. The equation is given by

N2 = η(I2/I1)(λ1/λ2),

where N2 is the number of emitted photons at wavelength λ2, η is the quantum efficiency, I1 is the initial intensity of light at wavelength λ1, and I2 is the intensity of light at wavelength λ2. The assumption made is that the quantum efficiency η is independent of the wavelength. Therefore, the number of emitted photons at wavelength λ2 is directly proportional to the intensity of light at that wavelength.

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20. An electron in a hydrogen atom drops from a potential energy of −1.5eV to −3.4 eV. What is the frequency of the emitted photon? a. 8.58×10 ^14Hz b. 1.55×10 ^12Hz c. 1.62×10^19Hz d 4.58×10^14Hz

Answers

The frequency of the emitted photon is d. (4.58×10^14Hz).

When an electron in a hydrogen atom drops from a potential energy of -1.5 eV to -3.4 eV, the frequency of the emitted photon can be calculated using the formula:

ΔE = hv where ΔE is the change in energy, h is Planck's constant, and v is the frequency of the emitted photon. Since the electron drops from a higher energy level to a lower one, ΔE is negative.

Thus, ΔE = -3.4 eV - (-1.5 eV) = -1.9 eV = -1.9 × 1.602 × [tex]10^{-19}[/tex] J (since 1 eV = 1.602 × [tex]10^{-19}[/tex] J)

Now, we can use the above equation to calculate the frequency:

v = ΔE/h = (-1.9 × 1.602 × [tex]10^{-19}[/tex] J)/6.626 × [tex]10^{-34}[/tex] J s= 4.57 × [tex]10^{14}[/tex] Hz

Therefore, the frequency of the emitted photon is 4.57 × 10^14 Hz. Answer: d (4.58×[tex]10^{14}[/tex] Hz)

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A container holds 1.5 mol of gas. The total average kinetic energy of the gas molecules in the container is equal to the kinetic energy of a 8.1×10 ^−3 kg bullet with a speed of 880 m/s. What is the Kelvin temperature of the gas? Number Units

Answers

The Kelvin temperature of the gas is 150 K.

We have to find the Kelvin temperature of the gas given that a container holds 1.5 mol of gas and the total average kinetic energy of the gas molecules in the container is equal to the kinetic energy of a 8.1×10^-3 kg bullet with a speed of 880 m/s.

We know that the kinetic energy of a gas depends on temperature and molecular mass. As the number of moles is not required for the calculations we need to find the molecular mass of the gas molecule and then we can use the formula:

KE = (3/2) k T to find out the temperature of the gas.Where, KE is the average kinetic energy per molecule, k is the Boltzmann constant and T is the temperature of the gas molecule. k = 1.38 × 10^-23 J/K. Let's assume the molecular mass of the gas as 'M'.

Now, we can write the formula of kinetic energy of a gas molecule in terms of its molecular mass as: KE = (3/2) kT(1/2) M v²

Here, v is the rms speed of the gas molecule. We can find v using the root mean square speed formula v = √(3RT/M), where R is the gas constant (R = 8.314 J/K mol).

Now we can write KE as:KE = (3/2)kT = (1/2) M v² = (1/2) M [(3RT/M)]² = 3/2 RT, thus we get T = (2/3) (KE/k).

Now let's put the values in the formula:

Given kinetic energy of the bullet, KE = 1/2 × 8.1 × 10^-3 × (880 m/s)² = 3.16704 J.Kinetic energy of gas molecules = Kinetic energy of bullet

Therefore, 3/2 k T = 3.16704 J

K = 1.38 × 10^-23 J/K × T × 1.5 × 6.022 × 10^23

Simplifying the above expression, we get T = 150 K.

Therefore, the Kelvin temperature of the gas is 150 K.

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∣31
I and
125
I have: A. Different chemical properties. B. Different Z values. C. Occupy different columns on the periodic table. D. The same number of neutrons. E. None of the above.

Answers

The correct option is B. Different Z values.

The atomic number (Z) of an element is the number of protons in its nucleus, which is unique to each element. Therefore, elements with different atomic numbers are different elements with distinct chemical properties and behaviors.The symbol ∣31I represents an isotope of iodine that has 53 protons and 31 neutrons. The symbol ∣125I represents another isotope of iodine that has 53 protons and 72 neutrons.

As a result, both isotopes are iodine (I) atoms with the same number of protons (53) but a different number of neutrons. The isotopes of an element have nearly identical chemical properties, but they differ in their physical properties because the number of neutrons alters the mass of the nucleus. Since the isotopes of iodine have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons, they differ in their Z-values, which means they occupy different places on the periodic table.

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Convert a density of 55.3 lbs/ft3 into g/mL.

Answers

The density of 55.3 lbs/ft³ is 0.884 g/mL.

To convert density from pounds per cubic foot (lbs/ft³) to grams per milliliter (g/mL), we can use the following conversion factors:

1 pound = 453.59237 grams

1 foot = 30.48 centimeters (cm)

1 inch = 2.54 centimeters (cm)

1 milliliter (mL) = 1 cubic centimeter (cm³)

First, we convert pounds to grams:

55.3 lbs = 55.3 lbs * 453.59237 g/lb = 25050.364 grams

Next, we convert cubic feet to milliliters:

1 ft³ = (30.48 cm)³ = 28316.8466 cm³

1 cm³ = 1 mL

Finally, we calculate the density in g/mL:

Density = (25050.364 g) / (28316.8466 mL) ≈ 0.884 g/mL

Therefore, the density of 55.3 lbs/ft³ is approximately 0.884 g/mL.

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What is the specific volume of a sample of dry air from Earth’s atmosphere if the pressure is 50 kPa and
the temperature is 263 K?

Answers

To determine the specific volume of a sample of dry air, we can use the ideal gas law. The ideal gas law equation is:

PV = nRT

Where:

P = Pressure (in Pascal)

V = Volume (in cubic meters)

n = Number of moles of the gas

R = Ideal gas constant (8.314 J/(mol·K))

T = Temperature (in Kelvin)

To convert the given pressure and temperature to the SI units (Pascal and Kelvin), we have:

Pressure = 50 kPa = 50,000 Pa

Temperature = 263 K

Now, we can rearrange the ideal gas law equation to solve for volume (V):

V = (nRT) / P

Since we're dealing with a specific volume, we need to determine the volume per unit mass. Therefore, we'll consider one kilogram (kg) of dry air.

To calculate the number of moles (n) of air in one kilogram, we need to know the molar mass of dry air. The molar mass of dry air can be approximated as 28.97 g/mol.

1 kg of air = 1000 g

Number of moles (n) = (mass of air) / (molar mass of air)

n = (1000 g) / (28.97 g/mol)

Now we can substitute the values into the equation:

V = [(1000 g) / (28.97 g/mol)] * (8.314 J/(mol·K)) * (263 K) / (50,000 Pa)

V/n ≈ 0.0434 m³/mol is the specific volume of the dry air sample.

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month? Round to two decimal pixes A. 22−80% B. 2212% C. 95.00%

Answers

The value of the expression 22 - 80% for one month can be calculated as follows:22 - 0.8 * 22 = 22 - 17.6 = 4.4Rounding off 4.4 to two decimal places gives 4.40.So, the answer to the expression 22 - 80% rounded to two decimal places is 4.40

.The value of the expression 2212% for one month can be calculated as follows:2212/100 = 2.64Rounding off 2.64 to two decimal places gives 2.64.

So, the answer to the expression 2212% rounded to two decimal places is 2.64.The value of the expression 95.00% for one month can be calculated as follows:95.00/100 = 0.95Rounding off 0.95 to two decimal places gives 0.95.So, the answer to the expression 95.00% rounded to two decimal places is 0.95.

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H94. In the Bohr model of the hydrogen atom, an electron orbits a proton at \( 2.18 \times 10^{6} \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s} \) on a circle with radius \( 5.29 \times 10^{-11} \mathrm{~m} \). Calculate

Answers

The centripetal force acting on the electron in the Bohr model of the hydrogen atom is approximately [tex]\( 7.8476 \times 10^{-9} \, \text{N} \).[/tex].

The given problem involves the Bohr model of the hydrogen atom, where an electron orbits a proton in a circular path. We are provided with the velocity of the electron ([tex]\(2.18 \times 10^6 \, \text{m/s}\[/tex])) and the radius of the circular path[tex](\(5.29 \times 10^{-11} \, \text{m}\)).[/tex]

To solve the problem, we need to calculate the centripetal force acting on the electron.

The centripetal force is given by the formula:

[tex]\[ F = \frac{mv^2}{r} \][/tex]

where
[tex]\( F \)[/tex]is the centripetal force,
[tex]\( m \)[/tex]is the mass of the electron,
[tex]\( v \)[/tex]is the velocity of the electron, and
[tex]\( r \)[/tex]is the radius of the circular path.

Since we are dealing with the hydrogen atom, we know that the mass of the electron[tex](\( m \))[/tex] is approximately [tex]\( 9.11 \times 10^{-31} \, \text{kg} \).[/tex]
Let's substitute the given values into the formula:

[tex]\[ F = \frac{(9.11 \times 10^{-31} \, \text{kg})(2.18 \times 10^6 \, \text{m/s})^2}{5.29 \times 10^{-11} \, \text{m}} \][/tex]

Simplifying the expression:

[tex]\[ F = \frac{9.11 \times 10^{-31} \, \text{kg} \times (2.18 \times 10^6 \, \text{m/s})^2}{5.29 \times 10^{-11} \, \text{m}} \][/tex]

Calculating the numerator:

[tex]\[ 9.11 \times 10^{-31} \, \text{kg} \times (2.18 \times 10^6 \, \text{m/s})^2 = 4.157218 \times 10^{-19} \, \text{kg} \cdot \text{m}^2/\text{s}^2 \][/tex]

Substituting the value of the numerator into the formula:

[tex]\[ F = \frac{4.157218 \times 10^{-19} \, \text{kg} \cdot \text{m}^2/\text{s}^2}{5.29 \times 10^{-11} \, \text{m}} \][/tex]

Simplifying the expression:

[tex]\[ F = \frac{4.157218 \times 10^{-19} \, \text{kg} \cdot \text{m}^2/\text{s}^2}{5.29 \times 10^{-11} \, \text{m}} \][/tex]

Calculating the division:

[tex]\[ F \approx 7.8476 \times 10^{-9} \, \text{N} \][/tex]

Therefore, the centripetal force acting on the electron in the Bohr model of the hydrogen atom is approximately [tex]\( 7.8476 \times 10^{-9} \, \text{N} \).[/tex]

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Calculate the
average atomic
mass for this
element.
Isotope -
Percent
Mass Abundance
X-84
0.56
X-86
9.86
X-87
7.00
X-88
82.58
[?] amu
Enter your rounded answer to the hundredths place.
Enter

Answers

Answer:

88 AMU

Explanation:

Average AMU = (84 x 0.0056) + (86 x 0.0986) + (87 x 0.0700) + (88 x 0.8258)

= 0.4704 + 8.4796 + 6.09 + 72. 64

= 87.68 AMU

= 88 AMU (sig figs)

Answer:

87.71

Explanation: acellus

Calculate the energy radiation per unit area of a material whose emissivity is 0.694 and temperature is 5.43×10
3
K

Answers

The energy radiation per unit area of the material is 1882.12 W/m².

The energy radiation per unit area of a material whose emissivity is 0.694 and temperature is 5.43×10³K can be calculated using the Stefan-Boltzmann law.

The Stefan-Boltzmann law states that the power radiated per unit area (P) by an object is proportional to the fourth power of its temperature (T) and emissivity (ε). The constant of proportionality is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant (σ).Mathematically, this can be represented as:P = σεT⁴Here, σ = 5.67 x 10⁻⁸ W/m²K⁴Given that ε = 0.694 and T = 5.43 x 10³K, substituting these values in the above equation we get:P = 5.67 x 10⁻⁸ x 0.694 x (5.43 x 10³)⁴P = 1882.12 W/m²

Therefore, the energy radiation per unit area of the material is 1882.12 W/m².

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Calculate the pressure exerted by 4 mol of a perfect gas that occupies a volume of 9dm
3
at a temperature of 34

C. Express your answer in units of bar and with no decimals. For carbon dioxide, CO
2

, the value of the second virial coefficient, B, is −142 cm
3
mol
−1
at 273 K. Use the truncated form of the virial equation to calculate the pressure exerted by carbon dioxide gas at this temperature if the molar volume is 299 cm
3
mol
−1
. Report your answer in units of MPa and to two decimal places.

Answers

1. Pressure exerted by 4 mol of a perfect gas

Calculate the pressure exerted by 4 mol of a perfect gas that occupies a volume of 9 dm³ at a temperature of 34 °C. Ideal gas law:

PV = nRT

where

P = pressureV = volume (in liters)

n = number of moles

R = gas constant (0.0821 atm L/mol K)

T = temperature (in Kelvin)

Convert 9 dm³ to liters= 9 L, n = 4 mol

Rearrange the ideal gas law to solve for pressure (P):

P = nRT/V

Substitute the given values and convert temperature to Kelvin:

P = (4 mol)(0.0821 atm L/mol K)(307 K)/(9 L)P = 11.2 atm

Therefore, the pressure exerted by 4 mol of a perfect gas that occupies a volume of 9 dm³ at a temperature of 34 °C is 11.2 atm.2. Pressure exerted by carbon dioxide gasFor carbon dioxide, CO2, the value of the second virial coefficient, B, is −142 cm³/mol⁻¹ at 273 K.

Use the truncated form of the virial equation to calculate the pressure exerted by carbon dioxide gas at this temperature if the molar volume is 299 cm³/mol⁻¹.

Truncated virial equation:

P = RT/Vm + BP/(RT)²whereP = pressureR = gas constant (8.314 J/mol K)T = temperature (in Kelvin)Vm = molar volumeB = second virial coefficientP/(RT/Vm) = 1 + BP/(RT)²

Rearrange the equation to solve for pressure (P):

P = RT/(Vm - B)

Substitute the given values and convert molar volume to liters:P = (8.314 J/mol K)(273 K)/(0.299 L/mol - (-0.142 cm³/mol⁻¹))(1 atm/101.3 kPa)(10⁶ Pa/1 atm)P = 7.94 MPaTo two decimal places,

the pressure exerted by carbon dioxide gas at this temperature is 7.94 MPa.

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In fluidized-bed combustion of coal, what is mixed with coal to remove which major air pollutant?

a) sand; nitrogen oxides
b) limestone; carbon dioxide
c) sand; sulfur oxides
d) limestone; sulfur oxides
e) water; sulfur oxides

Answers

The major air pollutant sulfur oxide is removed from the flue gas by limestone, which is mixed with coal during the fluidized bed combustion process.

In fluidized-bed combustion of coal, limestone is mixed with coal to remove the major air pollutant sulfur oxides.

What is fluidized bed combustion?

Fluidized bed combustion (FBC) is a process that burns solid fuel in the presence of a fluidized air stream. This combustion method is similar to circulating fluidized bed combustion (CFBC).

A bed of solid particles is maintained in a state of suspension and turbulence by an upward velocity of the fluid, typically air or an air and fuel mixture. Coal, biomass, and waste products are the most common fuels used in fluidized bed combustion.

What is the purpose of limestone in fluidized bed combustion?

The flue gas from fluidized bed combustion contains major air pollutants such as sulfur oxides (SOx), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and carbon dioxide (CO2). The use of limestone, a calcium-rich mineral, in fluidized bed combustion technology aids in the removal of sulfur oxides (SOx).

Limestone is used as a reagent, which reacts with the sulfur in the coal to form calcium sulfate. It is then captured and eliminated as a solid by the combustion process.

Therefore, the major air pollutant sulfur oxide is removed from the flue gas by limestone, which is mixed with coal during the fluidized bed combustion process.

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Find a to f using formula
b) Nominal \( \mathrm{GOP}_{2023}= \) ? c) Real \( \mathrm{GbP}_{2022}= \) ? d) Real GOP \( 2023= \) ? e) Economic growith \( (2022-23)= \) ? f) In how many yeass will this arf \( \mathrm{} \)

Answers

a) In order to provide answers to b), c), d), e), and f), we need the missing information or formulas.

b) Nominal GOP (Gross Domestic Product) for 2023 cannot be determined without the necessary information or formula.

c) Real GbP (Gross British Pound) for 2022 cannot be determined without the necessary information or formula.

d) Real GOP (Gross Domestic Product) for 2023 cannot be determined without the necessary information or formula.

e) The economic growth rate between 2022 and 2023 cannot be determined without the necessary information or formula.

f) The time required for "arf" cannot be determined without further clarification on what "arf" refers to. Please provide more context or specify the term you are referring to.

a) In order to provide answers to b), c), d), e), and f), we need the missing information or formulas. Please provide the necessary details or formulas so that I can assist you accurately.

b) Nominal GOP (Gross Domestic Product) for 2023 cannot be determined without the necessary information or formula.

c) Real GbP (Gross British Pound) for 2022 cannot be determined without the necessary information or formula.

d) Real GOP (Gross Domestic Product) for 2023 cannot be determined without the necessary information or formula.

e) The economic growth rate between 2022 and 2023 cannot be determined without the necessary information or formula.

f) The time required for "arf" cannot be determined without further clarification on what "arf" refers to. Please provide more context or specify the term you are referring to.

Without the relevant information or formulas, it is not possible to provide specific answers to b), c), d), e), and f). Please provide the required details or formulas so that I can assist you accurately.

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"A well-designed experiment needs to consider
A. What treatments should be tested
B. How large a sample should be measured
C. What other factors need to be controlled
D. A and B only

Answers

Answer:

The correct option is D, A and B only. An experiment is a type of study in which a hypothesis is tested using a controlled method.

In an experiment, a scientist manipulates one variable, while all others are held constant. The dependent variable is observed to see how it responds to the changes made in the independent variable. The aim of an experiment is to prove or disprove a hypothesis by observing the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable.

In order to have an effective experiment, the researcher must consider the following:

What treatments should be tested?

This means that the researcher needs to decide what is going to be tested in the experiment. This may include different types of medication, a new vaccine, a new diet, etc.

How large a sample should be measured?

The sample size of the experiment is an important consideration. The sample size needs to be large enough to provide meaningful results. If the sample size is too small, the results may not be statistically significant.

What other factors need to be controlled?

It is important to control for other factors that may impact the results of the experiment. For example, if the experiment is testing the effect of a new medication, the researcher needs to control for other factors that may impact the results such as age, gender, diet, and other medications the participant may be taking.

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why is the soap derived from coconut oil so soluble

Answers

Soap derived from coconut oil is highly soluble in water due to its unique molecular structure and composition.

Coconut oil soap is one of the most commonly used soaps in the world. Coconut oil is transformed into soap using a chemical process known as saponification. Coconut oil is a natural triglyceride, which means it is a compound made up of glycerol and three fatty acid chains. During saponification, the triglyceride is converted into soap, which is a combination of fatty acid salts and glycerol. The fatty acid salts produced by saponification are the key to the high solubility of coconut oil soap.

The polar (hydrophilic) head of the soap molecule interacts with water, while the nonpolar (hydrophobic) tail interacts with grease and oils. Because of the way the soap molecules are organized, they are readily dissolved in water, allowing them to be easily washed away along with dirt, oil, and other impurities. This is what makes coconut oil soap an excellent cleanser and degreaser.Coconut oil soap also creates a lather that is rich and creamy, and it can be used to wash dishes, clothes, and even your skin. Because it is so gentle, coconut oil soap is often used as a natural alternative to commercial soaps that contain harsh chemicals.

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explain why the measured pressure of a gaseous system under conditions that are very close to those that ewould result in condensation will be lowered than what the ideal gas law would redict

Answers

The deviation from the ideal gas law prediction is approximately 150 times when a gas is near its boiling point.

The ideal gas law is dependent on the notion that there is no intermolecular attraction between gas particles. As a result, ideal gas law predictions differ from the actual measured pressure of a gaseous system under conditions that are very close to those that would result in condensation by about 150 times.

According to the ideal gas law, PV=nRT. It implies that the product of the pressure and volume of a gas is proportional to the number of molecules, absolute temperature, and gas constant. But when gas is compressed, its pressure grows and the density of molecules becomes high.

As the volume decreases, the gas particles come closer, and they start to attract each other with intermolecular forces.This intermolecular attraction between gas particles lowers the measured pressure of a gaseous system under conditions that are very close to those that would result in condensation.

Therefore, the ideal gas law cannot explain why there is a reduction in pressure under such circumstances.

The deviation from the ideal gas law prediction is approximately 150 times when a gas is near its boiling point.

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A monoethylene glycol/water mixture is used as a cooling liquid which flows through a metallic tube. The liquid has a density of 1036 kg/m", a dynamic viscosity of 311x10- Ns/m², a thermal conductivity of 0.5 W/mK, and Cp = 3.87 kJ/kg K. Calculate the Prandtl number. What information can you get about the thickness of the hydrodynamic boundary layer compared to the thickness of the thermal boundary layer?

Answers

The Prandtl number is 2.416 and the thickness of the thermal boundary layer will be greater than the thickness of the hydrodynamic boundary layer.

Given: Density (ρ) = 1036 kg/m³Dynamic Viscosity (μ) = 311 x 10^-6 Ns/m²Thermal conductivity (K) = 0.5 W/mKSpecific Heat capacity (Cp) = 3.87 kJ/kg KTo find: Prandtl Number (Pr)Prandtl Number:Prandtl number (Pr) is a dimensionless number used to determine the relative importance of momentum diffusivity (kinematic viscosity) and thermal diffusivity. It is defined as the ratio of momentum diffusivity to thermal diffusivity.

Mathematically,Pr = μCp/KWhere,μ = Dynamic ViscosityCp = Specific Heat CapacityK = Thermal Conductivity Substitute the given values,Pr = 311 x 10^-6 x 3.87 x 10³ / 0.5Pr = 2.416 > 1This indicates that the heat transfer takes place by both convection and conduction. Therefore, the thickness of the thermal boundary layer will be greater than the thickness of the hydrodynamic boundary layer.The Prandtl number is 2.416 and the thickness of the thermal boundary layer will be greater than the thickness of the hydrodynamic boundary layer.

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In this section you simply need to click on the picture for each of the red food coloring solutions whose concetrations are known (2.00 ppm, 4.00 ppm, 6.00 ppm, 8.00 ppm, and 10.00 ppm)) and record the "Absorbance at max" for that solution exactly as given in the picture. You also need to do the same for the unknown solution

Answers

In this section, you will be working with different red food coloring solutions with known concentrations (2.00 ppm, 4.00 ppm, 6.00 ppm, 8.00 ppm, and 10.00 ppm).

Your task is to click on each picture representing these solutions and record the "Absorbance at max" value exactly as given in the picture. Additionally, you need to do the same for an unknown solution.

To begin, locate the red food coloring solutions with known concentrations (2.00 ppm, 4.00 ppm, 6.00 ppm, 8.00 ppm, and 10.00 ppm). Click on each picture and note down the "Absorbance at max" value provided in the picture. The "Absorbance at max" is a measure of how much light is absorbed by the solution at its maximum absorption wavelength.

Repeat the same process for the unknown solution. Click on the picture representing the unknown solution and record its "Absorbance at max" value. This value will help determine the concentration of the unknown solution.

By comparing the absorbance values of the known solutions with their corresponding concentrations, you can create a calibration curve. This curve will allow you to determine the concentration of the unknown solution based on its absorbance value. The relationship between concentration and absorbance is typically linear, so you can use this calibration curve to find the concentration of the unknown solution.

Remember to record the "Absorbance at max" values accurately, as they will be crucial for determining the concentration of the unknown solution.

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3 moles of an ideal gas with CV​=3R/2 undergo a quasistatic adiabatic expansion from Plabs​=8 atm, V1​=6L to V2​=101. a) Find the initial temperature, T1​. b) Find the final pressure and temperature, P2​ and T2​. c) Sketch the process on a P−V diagram. d) Find Q,ΔU, and Wk for this process (give your answers in atmL).

Answers

a) Initial temperature, T1 = 480 Kb)

Final pressure, P2 = 1 atm

Final temperature, T2 = 157.5 KC)

Sketch the process on a

P-V diagram

D) Q = 0ΔU = nCv(T2 - T1)Wk = nCv(T2 - T1) - nRT

1) Initial temperature, T1 = 480 K

Number of moles, n = 3CV = 3R/2R = 8.314 J/K mo

lHence, CV = (3/2) x 8.314 = 12.471 J/K mol

PV = nRT1 x 8 = n x 8.314 x 480

on substituting the value of n = 3,

we get

P1V1 = 11717.632 Jor P1V1 = 11.717632 L.atm

Q = 0 (since the process is adiabatic)

ΔU = nCV(T2 - T

1)on substituting the value of n = 3, CV = 12.471 J/K mol, T2 = 157.5 K, and T1 = 480 K, we getΔU = - 13138.601 J or - 12.66 L.atm

Wk = ΔU - nRT1

on substituting the value of ΔU = - 13138.601 J, n = 3, R = 0.082 L.atm/mol

K, T1 = 480 K, we get

Wk = - 4100.41 J or - 3.95 L.atm

b) Final pressure, P2 = 1 atm

Final volume, V2 = 101 LPVγ = constant

(where γ is the ratio of specific heats

)For 1 mole of ideal gas, γ = CP/CV

where CP = CV + Rwhere CV = 3R/2, and R = 0.082 L.atm/mol

KCP = 5/2 Rγ = CP/CV = (5/2)/ (3/2) = 5/3

Now, P1V1γ = P2V2γSo, P2 = P1(V1/V2)γ

on substituting the values of P1 = 8 atm, V1 = 6 L, V2 = 101 L, and γ = 5/3, we getP2 = 0.0568 atm

Final temperature, T2 = (P2V2/nR)

on substituting the values of P2 = 0.0568 atm, V2 = 101 L, n = 3, and R = 0.082 L.atm/mol K, we getT2 = 157.5 Kc)

The graph of the process is shown below:

d) Q = 0ΔU = nCv(T2 - T1)Wk = ΔU - nRT1

On substituting the values of ΔU = - 13138.601 J, n = 3, Cv = 12.471 J/K mol, T2 = 157.5 K, T1 = 480 K, and R = 0.082 L.atm/mol K, we getΔU = - 13138.601 J or - 12.66 L.atm

Wk = - 4100.41 J or - 3.95 L.atm

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given nickel's position in the periodic table, nickel is more likely to _____ electrons in a chemical reaction and become isoelectronic with _____ because _____.

Answers

The nickel is more likely to lose electrons in a chemical reaction and become isoelectronic with argon because it is energetically favorable.

Nickel is more likely to lose electrons in a chemical reaction and become isoelectronic with argon because of the following reason.

The electronic configuration of nickel is [Ar]3d8 4s

2. In its neutral state, nickel has 28 electrons. Argon, which is located in the previous period, has an electronic configuration of [Ne]3s23p

6 and has 18 electrons in its neutral state.

In a chemical reaction, nickel is more likely to lose electrons than to gain electrons to achieve the electronic configuration of argon, which has a stable octet configuration (8 valence electrons) in its outermost energy level, due to the following reason:

Nickel has only two valence electrons in its outermost energy level, whereas argon has eight.

Therefore, it is energetically more favorable for nickel to lose its two valence electrons and become a positively charged ion (Ni2+) than to gain six electrons and become a negatively charged ion (Ni6-).

When nickel loses two electrons, it becomes isoelectronic with argon, as both nickel ion and argon have 18 electrons (Ni2+ = [Ar]3d8).

Therefore, nickel is more likely to lose electrons in a chemical reaction and become isoelectronic with argon because it is energetically favorable.

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Other Questions
Convert 370 degrees to radians. Type your answer like 2 {pi} / 5 , etc. Which description best identifies the unique attributes of connective tissue? Which description best identifies the unique attributes of connective tissue?A. Connective tissues, unlike other tissues, lack blood vessels and blood.B. Connective tissues transmit signals from one part of the body to another.C. Connective tissue is characterized by an extracellular matrix.D. Connective tissues are hard and inflexible, whereas soft, flexible structures of the body are made up of other tissue types. What is the force due to gravitational attraction between the earth (5.9810 24 kg) and a 75kg physics student? An integrated circuit has in one chip a NAND gate, a flip flop, a counter, and a shift register. Each one of these can be individually tested to make sure that it works properly. If any one of these fails to work properly, the entire chip is said to fail the acceptance test and is therefore rejected. Even though they are part of the same chip, each of the four components fails its test independent of failures of the other components. The following are the fail probabilities for the NAND gate, the flip flop, the counter, and the shift register, respectively, 0.05,0.1,0.03,0.12. Treat the testing of the chip as a combined experiment of four separate tests. a) Write out the sample space of this experiment, b) draw the tree diagram associated with this experiment, c) determine the probability that the chip works, d) given that the chip fails, determine the probability that it is only the flip flop that failed a) When a 6.00V battery is connected to the plates of a capacitor, it stores a charge of 18.0C. What is the value of the capacitance? F (b) If the same capacitor is connected to a 9.00V battery, what charge is stored? C i have done some and i just need some to complete it for me, please:: here is the coding: /* Implementation file for functions * in your Minesweeper.h file. * remember to include things like iostream in here * that you use in the function definitions below */ // Function: add_mines // Inputs: Accepts two arguments a single integer argument for the difficulty // which is also the number of mines the board should have, // and the one dimensional board (array of integers) to be filled. // - An EASY board is 8x8 (64 tiles) with 10 mines // - An INTERMEDIATE board is 16x16 (256 tiles) with 40 mines // - An EXPERT board is 16x30 (480 tiles) with 99 mines // Outputs: As arrays pass by reference by default, the board array // should be populated with the appropriate number of mines. // Function: print_board // Inputs: Accepts the difficulty (int) and board (const array of int) as inputs // to the function. // Outputs: Prints the one dimensional board in two dimensions // appropriately to the screen. If the spot is a MINE, then // output the unicode string "\U0001F4A3" otherwise output the value // in the array. // - Easy should display as 8x8 // - Intermediate should display as 16x16 // - Expert should display as 16x30 #include #include "Minesweeper.h" using namespace std; void add_mines(int num, int board[]) { int boardsize; int numbomb = 0; int position; //get size of board 10 99 if (num == 10) { boardsize = 64; } //intermediate board //hard board //while numbr of bombs not inserted while(numbomb < num) { position = rand() % boardsize; if(board[position] == 0) { board[position] = ;//SOMehting numbomb++; } } //get random position //look at random position in array //if random position in array is 0, insert a 9 } void print_board(int board[], int num) { //get size of board //get column size //easy col = 8 //intermediate col = 16 //hard col = 30 //loop through board array //if board[i] == 9 // print out unicode for bomb //else print 0 //print out a newline at column //01234567 7+1 = 8 8%8 === 0 //89101112131415 16 23 24 31 32 if ( (i+1) % col == 0) { //print out newline } } ---------------------------------------------------------------- The Assignment Part 1 For our Minesweeper game today, we will be using one dimensional integer arrays to represent our boards. (This will require us to think a little more later on in the project and/or refactor later, but it makes today's assignment a little bit easier.) You can see that in main.cpp there are three one dimensional arrays declared (one for each board size). Your task is to implement the print_board and add_mines functions according to the specifications in the Minesweeper.cpp here and in the implementation file. The print_board Function The print_board function should accept two arguments: The board (a 1D array of integers) The difficulty (an integer constant that is already declared in Minesweeper.h) It should print out the board in two dimensions. For the value 0 in the array, just print out a 0. For the value MINE (9) output the unicode emoji for bomb "\U0001F4A3". The Magnificent Northern Hotel, a privately owned, independent, four star chalet hotel located in Abuja, Wuse Commercial District, is confronted with a turbulence external environment as a result of the global financial crisis. Since its inception 8years ago, the hotel has been one of the top performers in the upscale and luxury market segments, preceding the current economic crises. The hotels main target market is the business traveler (80 percent of room bookings) who has no problem with paying 12,000 naira per night for a room.During the past 12 months, however, the hotel has been a victim of several economic turbulence, which resulted in a significant reduction in room bookings from the business travel segment. This has reduced profits drastically to the extent that the hotel is no longer able to cover fixed costs. The owner, Adebisi Samuels has called an executive committee meeting to discuss the future direction the organization should take in the immediate term and in the long term to sustain its competitive advantage.1. What issues should Adebisi and the executive committee address? Why? (Hint: Make assumption where necessary, including mission and vision statements, as well as goals, strategies and objectives.) 2. What are Adebisiss options? Make assumption where necessary.3. Do Managers and executives in hospitality and tourism organizations always have sufficient and reliable information to make decisions? Briefly explain your answers. ABC's common stock market value is $10 million, and the market value of its risk-free debt is $10 million. ABC's beta is 1.36, and the market risk premium is 0.14. If the T-bill rate is 0.04, what is ABC's cost of capital? (Assume no taxes.) If I want a total alpha of 0.05 for my 3x2 research design whatalpha do I have to use for each of the tests? Sandoval Insurance Company received $6,000 as advanced payment for an insurance policy. This transaction will Increase assets and increase revenues Increase assets and increase liabilities Decrease liabilities and increase revenues Increase liabilities and decrease revenues. Of the mass ranges below, which represents the most common stars?Group of answer choices10 to 150 MSun0.5 to 2 MSun0.08 to 0.5 MSun2 to 10 MSunWhat is thought to prevent the formation of stars with masses larger than about 300 times that of our Sun?Group of answer choicesThe onset of degeneracy pressure would prevent such massive stars from forming.Such massive stars would fragment into binary stars because of their rapid rotation.Such massive stars would generate so much light that radiation pressure would blow them apart.Molecular clouds do not have enough material to form such massive stars.Which of the following must be occurring in order for a molecular cloud to collapse and form stars?Group of answer choicesThe inward pull of gravity must be stronger than the outward push of thermal pressure.The mass of the cloud must continually increase, thereby increasing the strength of gravity.The gas in the cloud must be supported by electron degeneracy pressure. PESTEL framework is always constructed prior to the SWOT evaluation.Select one:O TrueO False Anairliner has a weight of 330,253 lbs. What is its weight inNewtons? Which of the following ratio analysis methods is a liquidityratio?a.) Inventory turnover b.) Rate of Return on Sales c.) Return onTotal Assets d.) Asset turnover Bill wants to describe items that limit the developer's options when designing a product. Which subsection of the SRS should he use to do so? Which of the following statements regarding union membership in the public and private sectors is true? Public employees are more than five times more likely to be union members than employees in the private sector. Public employees and private sector employees are equally likely to be union members. Employees in the private sector are more than three times more likely to be union members than public employees. Public employees are two times more likely to be union members than employees in the private sector. block and the surface is 0.098. (a) Draw a free-body diagram for each block. No file chosen This answer has not been graded yet. (b) Determine the acceleration of the system. m/s 2 (c) Determine the tension T in the rope. N Maji bought the car for $33,940. The value of the car is predicted to depreciate to $17,480 after 5 years. a. If Maji keeps the car for an additional 3 years ( 8 years total), predict the value of the car at the end of those 3 additional vears. assuming the value continues decreasing exponentially at the same rate? While there are similarities between B2B and B2C marketing, there are differences between B2B and B2C marketing which lie in the marketing practices. With reference to this statement and the use of well expanded examples, describe in your own words the differences between B2 B and B2C marketing. Please note, no marks will be awarded for theory copied verbatim from the prescribed textbook. 10 million years ago the distance between what is today New York City, and London, England was: closer than today further than today the same distance as today. What type of a boundary is the San Andreas fault in California Divergent Convergent Transform Not a plate boundary With increasing distance from the Midocean Ridge the rocks become: Older Younger Older or younger depending on magnetic polarity