Why do calculated recombination frequencies between pairs of loci that are located far apart underestimate the true genetic distances between loci? A. Recombination frequencies cannot exceed 50% and asymptotically approach 50% as the distance between genes increases because only one crossover can occur per chromosome. B. As the distance between loci increases, some multiple crossovers go undetected such that the relationship between recombination frequency and map distance ceases to be linear. C.Loci that are far apart on a chromosome often recombine to produce combinations of alleles that result in a lethal phenotype and such recombinants are not recovered or identified. D. Loci that are far apart on a chromosome are often susceptible to a form of chromatic interference that results in reduced crossing over, and this interference does not occur for loci that are closer together. E. If two crossovers occur between two loci, then only nonrecombinant gametes are produced; therefore, recombination frequencies actually begin to decrease for more distant pairs of genes.

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

B. As the distance between loci increases, some multiple crossovers go undetected such that the relationship between recombination frequency and map distance ceases to be linear.  

Explanation:

When calculating recombination frequencies, and hence, map distances, we might notice that these distances are not completely additive. They might vary. For example, let us say that we have three genes, A, B, and C, in that order. We calculated that the distance between A and B equals 5.9 MU and that B and C are 19.5 MU apart. According to this, we might say that the total distance between A and C is 25.4 MU (5.9 + 19.5). However, after a two-point calculation between A and C, the value equals 23.7 MU.

The recombination frequency between these two genes located in the extremes and far apart underestimate the actual genetic distances between them because there might occur other crossing-overs that were not detected. This is when calculating the distance between A and C, we probably will not detect the occurrence of a double recombinant between them, and hence, we might sub-estimate the real distance.

The relationship between the actual map distance (number of crossing overs) and the recombination frequency between two loci, is not lineal. The farther apart are the two genes, the worse is the distance estimation.  


Related Questions

56:52 Which process is characterized by the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration across the plasma membrane without the use of energy? hypertonic transport active transport passive transport dynamic equilibrium

Answers

Answer:

The movement of particles from a high concentration area to a low concentration area through the plasma membrane without requiring energy is done by the process of passive transport.

Explanation:

Passive transport is a transmembrane transport mechanism that does not require energy and depends on a gradient of particle concentration.

The plasma membrane is a semi-permeable barrier to the passage of substances, which require transport through them by various transport mechanisms, including passive transport.

The different concentrations of particles on each side of the membrane create a gradient, which makes the movement of particles from the area of highest concentration to the area of lowest concentration, which in some circumstances is a passive transport mechanism, such as simple diffusion or facilitated diffusion.

The other options are not correct because:

Hypertonic refers to a medium where there is a high concentration of particles. Active transport requires energy. Dynamic equilibrium refers to the continuous exchange of substances that occurs between the interior and exterior of the cells.

C. Passive Transport.

The person above was correct, that is where I got this answer. If you would like an explanation read theirs.

Which of the following is NOT a common problem associated with inorganic fertilizers?
O They are often subject to leaching
O They can dry out, or desiccate, seedlings and young plants
O They may release insufficient nutrients and can deplete nitrogen in the soil
They can cause toxic residues to appear in conventionally grown fruits and vegetables

Answers

Answer:

They can cause toxic residues to appear in conventionally grown fruits and vegetables

Explanation:

Since inorganic fertilisers are made with chemical and such, they should not produce toxins.

Overuse of inorganic fertilizer destroys the physical characteristics of soil, hence, option d toxic more in conventionally grown vegetables and fruits is correct.

What are the problems associated with inorganic fertilizers?

Many, such as anhydrous ammonia, urea, urea-ammonium nitrate solutions, triple superphosphate, ammonium phosphates, and potash muriate, can be administered directly (potassium chloride).

Compound fertilizers are chemical or physical blends of pure ingredients. As a result, excessive use of inorganic fertilizers has resulted in soil and air.

Water pollution due to nutrient leakage, soil physical features deterioration, toxic chemical buildup in water bodies, and so on, as well as serious environmental concerns and biodiversity loss.

Therefore inorganic fertilizers can cause toxic residue to appear in fruits and vegetables, hence option d is correct.

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Could I pls get help??

Answers

Answer:

The answer is E

Explanation:

A cell model demonstrates it's organelles and shape.

4. The green area that shows the difference between the BR and DR in stages
2&3 is also know as

Answers

bro what did u type this right

True or false, all solids are hard

True or false, words used to describe solids are called properties

True or false, liquids take the shape of the container they are in

True or false, liquids are suck down by temperature to the bottom of the container

True or false, when you move a liquid to another container the volume changes

True or false, the temperature at which a solid turns into a liquid is the freezing point

True or false, surgical spirits and ice are solid at room temperature

True or false, the melting point of water is 0°C

True or false, a solid keeps its shape, well liquids have no fix shape or volume

True or false, a solid keeps its shape, well liquids have no fixed shape or volume

True or false, gases Will spread out to fill a container or just keep spreading around

True or false, gases have weight because they are affected by gravity

True or false, in a solid the particles are packed tightly together and vibrate quickly

True or false, as a solid heats up, particles move more quickly and take up more space

True or false, as a solid is heated up eventually eventually cannot keep it shape and becomes a gas

True or false, dissolving solids and liquids creates a solution

True or false, dissolving is when the solid particles disappear from sight

True or false, if it’s all it is dissolved, it can be retrieved by freezing liquid

True or false, when you combine a solid and a liquid dissolving always takes place

True or false, water boils it 100°C ( 212°F ) with bubbles of air

True or false, you need to give water heat (thermal) Energy to turn it into a gas

True or false, changing the amount of heat energy does not change how fast water changes states

True or false, the Gaseous state of water is called water vapor

True or false, lighting a match is a reversible change

True or false, changing boiling water to ice cubes can be reversed

True or false, cooking an egg is a nonreversible change



Answers

Answer:

for example when you have an ice it is soild

What organisms would be found in this biome?
A) vines, ferns, and sloths
B) sedge, arctic hares, and arctic foxes
C) cacti, lizards, and bats
D) cedars, pine trees, and warblers

Answers

Answer:

im thinking its C

Explanation:

Answer:

The answer is B, sedge, arctic hares, and arctic foxes

Explanation:

Mrs. Rosales performed a demonstration of a chemical reaction for her science students. In a well-ventilated room, she added a sulfuric acid solution to a beaker containing granulated sugar. The mixture immediately became very hot and released water vapor into the air. The sugar appeared to burn and was transformed into a rapidly growing column of solid black material. The experiment also produced a foul-smelling odor. Which observation about the demonstration does not provide evidence of a chemical reaction? A. The mixture immediately became very hot B.Water vapor was released into the air. C.The mixture released a foul-smelling odor. D.The sugar was transformed into a solid black material​

Answers

Answer:

D

Explanation:

The observation about the demonstration that does not provide evidence of a chemical reaction is the liberation of water vapor into the air. Thus, the correct option for this question is C.

What is a Chemical reaction?

A chemical reaction may be defined as a process that significantly involves the rearrangement of the molecular or ionic structure of a substance, as distinct from an alteration in physical form or a nuclear reaction.

According to the context of this question, the appearance of the mixture that immediately became very hot, the transformation of sugar into a solid black material​, and the liberation of a foul-smelling odor are easily estimated or observed during the course of the experiment. But the liberation of water vapor into the air is not visualized with unaided eyes.

Therefore, the observation about the demonstration that does not provide evidence of a chemical reaction is the liberation of water vapor into the air. Thus, the correct option for this question is C.

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What do scientists use to measure the magnitude (strength) of earthquakes?
A.) seismograph
B.) people observations
D.) bathroom scales

Answers

The answer to the question is A! :D

Answer:

Option A

Explanation:

The answer is "seismograph" or option A. A seismograph is a tool that records duration and force of a Earthquake when it strikes. It works by responding to ground motions because it's very sensitive to vibrations. So when the device picks up a huge vibration is quickly records how long it lasts and how strong the vibration was.

Hope this helps.

What is the answer? Please

Answers

Answer:

1. nucleus

2. nucleolus

3. cell membrane

4. cytoplasm

Explanation:

Why does the last line create a satisfying ending?
O It makes the reader wonder what happened.
O It describes the writer's frustration with the task.
O It indicates that the writer is well liked.
O It shows that the writer succeeded in his task

Answers

I think the first option is the answer.

Answer:

The answer  is D. the person in the comments got it correct :)

Explanation:

i just did it

What are the symptoms and incubation period of an infection by the microbial agent?

Answers

Answer:

Explanation: A person with a bacterial infection will often experience redness, heat, swelling, fever, and pain at the site of infection, as well as swollen lymph glands. A rash can indicate a fungal infection of the skin. However, viruses and bacteria may also cause skin conditions and rashes. While the incubation period is 2-10 days, average 3-4 days or sometimes a week.

A student does an experiment for a science fair to study whether temperature affects the timing of a cricket's chirps. The student keeps a cricket in an enclosed box that is heated to different temperatures each day for twelve days. The student records the cricket's chirps by using a sound-activated microphone so the timing of the chirps can be measured. Which is the dependent variable in this experiment? O size of the box O temperature of the box O timing of the cricket's chirps O volume of the cricket's chirps Save and Exit Next Submit Mark this and return​

Answers

Answer:

the timing of the cricket's chirps

Explanation:

James wants to know which brand of shoe will help him run faster. He thinks the more expensive shoe should be the one that helps him run faster. He tries three different types of running shoes. He runs one lap on the track with pair of shoes ( shoe A) and times how long it takes. He rests for 15 minutes. Then, he tries on another of shoes (shoe B) and runs a lap around the track, while timing how long it takes. He rests for 15 minutes before repeating the lap with the last brand of shoes (shoe C).

Which type of investigation did he complete ?
a.)experimental
b.)descriptive
c.)observational

Answers

Answer:

C.) Experimental

Explanation:

He conducts test to see which shoe helps him better, in so doing a experimental investigation

what will be the consequence if humans continue to over-hunt elephants for their ivory

Answers

Answer:

Extinction

Explanation:

Answer:

extinction if they are hunted so much

Salivary amylase begins the process of carbohydrate digestion in the mouth. The activity of salivary amylase is halted in the stomach because:_______

Answers

Answer:

The acidic environment in the stomach stops the action of the amylase enzyme.

The stomach will secrete digestive juice that contain hydrochloric acid and digestive enzyme such as pepsin to digest protein.

The HCL create an acidic environment that will deform the ionic and hydrogen bond of the amylase which cause the enzyme to be denatured.

The activity of salivary amylase is halted in the stomach because  of its

acidic pH.

The salivary amylase reacts with starch in the mouth and starts the process

of  breaking them down. When it gets to the stomach, the action stops after

some minutes as a result of a change in pH as enzyme performs optimally

when at a suitable pH or temperature.

The acidic pH of the stomach inactivates the salivary amylase and the

gastric  amylase in the stomach continues with the process.

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7. Which of the following is a physical change in matter that takes
place in the digestive system?

Answers

Answer:Mechanical digestion physically breaks down food, like when teeth macerate food into a bolus. The stomach contracts and relaxes in a churning motion. ... Chemical digestion occurs when the bonds within larger food molecules are broken, creating smaller molecules that the body can use.May 30, 2017

Explanation:

Answer all of them please ty

Answers

Answer:

23) 2 (egg)

24) 4 (fertalization)

25) 3 (8)

Explanation:

First one is 2
Second one is 4
Third one is 3
Hope this helps

What determines climate patterns?

Answers

Answer:

the answer is below

Explanation:

The two most important factors in the climate of an area are temperature and precipitation. The yearly average temperature of the area is obviously important, but the yearly range in temperature is also important. ... Some areas have about the same rainfall throughout the year.

What does the name “Anthropocene” imply?

Answers

It comes from the Greeks and that’s it’s a controversial meaning that’s literally all ik lol hope it helps

Answer:

Human impact on the environment or anthropogenic impact on the environment includes changes to biophysical environments[1] and ecosystems, biodiversity, and natural resources[2][3] caused directly or indirectly by humans, including global warming,[1][4] environmental degradation[1] (such as ocean acidification[1][5]), mass extinction and biodiversity loss,[6][7][8][9] ecological crisis, and ecological collapse. Modifying the environment to fit the needs of society is causing severe effects, which become worse as the problem of human overpopulation continues.[10][11] Some human activities that cause damage (either directly or indirectly) to the environment on a global scale include population growth,[12][13] overconsumption, overexploitation, pollution, and deforestation, to name but a few. Some of the problems, including global warming and biodiversity loss pose an existential risk to the human race, and human overpopulation causes those problems.

Explanation:

The term anthropogenic designates an effect or object resulting from human activity. The term was first used in the technical sense by Russian geologist Alexey Pavlov, and it was first used in English by British ecologist Arthur Tansley in reference to human influences on climax plant communities.[19] The atmospheric scientist Paul Crutzen introduced the term "Anthropocene" in the mid-1970s.[20] The term is sometimes used in the context of pollution emissions that are produced from human activity since the start of the Agricultural Revolution but also applies broadly to all major human impacts on the environment.[21] Many of the actions taken by humans that contribute to a heated environment stem from the burning of fossil fuel from a variety of sources, such as: electricity, cars, planes, space heating, manufacturing, or the destruction of forests.

Hope that Helps:)))))))))))

!Urgent!
If you were to examine a plant or animal cell under a microscope, what phase of the cell cycle would you most likely see? Explain your reasoning.

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

During interphase (1), chromatin is in its least condensed state and appears loosely distributed throughout the nucleus. Chromatin condensation begins during prophase (2) and chromosomes become visible. Chromosomes remain condensed throughout the various stages of mitosis (2-5).

If you were to examine a plant or animal cell under a microscope, you would most likely see the interphase of the cell cycle. This is the resting phase.

What is the cell cycle?

The cell cycle may be defined as the entire sequence of events happening from the end of one nuclear division to the beginning of the next. The cell cycle can be divided into two phases. They are as follows:

InterphaseM-phase (Division phase).

During the interphase of the cell cycle, the cell undergoes normal growth processes with the replication of DNA in the synthesis phase. Chromosomes are observed in a little bit condensed state during the mitotic division.

Apart from this, cells do not undergo many series of alterations. It follows the path of rest, and hence it is known as the resting phase. Chromatin is somehow observed in a condensed state loosely distributed throughout the nucleus of the cell.

Therefore, the interphase of the cell cycle would you most likely see, when you were to examine a plant or animal cell under a microscope.

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What statement best demonstrates that gene expression is regulated?

Answers

Answer:

Cells protect their DNA by enveloping it in a nucleus

Explanation:

The process of ecological change in a community over time

Answers

Answer:

Ecological succession is the process of change in the species structure of an ecological community over time. ... It is a phenomenon or process by which an ecological community undergoes more or less orderly and predictable changes following a disturbance or the initial colonization of a new habitat.

Explanation:

HER1 signaling is triggered by individual HER1 monomers each binding to its ligand followed by homodimerization and autophosphorylation. How do HER2/HER3 heterodimers initiate signaling?
A. Neither HER2 nor HER3 bind ligands, but can form heterodimers that activate HER2 tyrosine kinase which creates a GRB2 binding site.
B. Neither HER2 nor HER3 bind ligands, but can form heterodimers that activate HER2 tyrosine kinase which creates a GRB2 binding site.
C. HER2 and HER3 monomers each bind to its ligand followed by heterodimerization and activation of both HER2 and HER3 tyrosine kinases which create a GRB2 binding site.
D. HER2, but not HER3 binds to its ligand, causing it heterodimerize with HER3. This activates HER3 tyrosine kinase which creates a GRB2 binding site.
E. HER3, but not HER2 binds to its ligand, causing it heterodimerize with HER2. This activates HER2 tyrosine kinase which creates a GRB2 binding site.

Answers

Answer:

E. HER3, but not HER2 binds to its ligand, causing it heterodimerize with HER2. This activates HER2 tyrosine kinase which creates a GRB2 binding site.

Explanation:

The receptor tyrosine-protein kinase, also known as human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (HER3), is a transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor that doesn't have a kinase domain. HER3 binds to the HER2 protein (another receptor tyrosine kinase receptor) to form a heterodimeric complex. Conversely to the HER3 protein, HER2 lacks a ligand-binding domain. The HER2/HER3 complex triggers the activation of the HER2 kinase domain which then autophosphorylates and thus generates a binding site for the Growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (Grb2).

2 3x 67 4 y ^6 29 = 7 y ^2 8720 [t + X]

Question 2
Which property of water is the result of an uneven distribution of electrons?

Answers

Answer:

Polarity

Explanation:

Water, is a chemical compound with the formula H2O. It posseses properties that makes it a unique substance on Earth. Among these properties is its POLAR NATURE. Polarity of a molecule refers to the separation of electric charges into dipole moment having an opposite charges at the end.

The polarity of water molecule is attributed to the uneven distribution of electrons in the atoms that forms it. Oxygen is a more electronegative atom than hydrogen, hence, it pulls most of the electrons towards itself, making hydrogen atom more electropositive. This forms the polar property of water.

What is the density? Mass = 44g ... Volume = 44L

Answers

mass = 44g

volume= 44L

1 liter = 1000cm^3

hence 44L = 44000cm^3.

Density = mass/volume

= 44/44000

= 0.001g/cm^3.

4. Which of the following is not a metamorphic rock?
schist
marble
limestone
anthracite
slate

Answers

Answer: Marble

Why: lol I looked it up <3

Can coal ever be truly a clean-burning fuel?

Answers

Answer:

Yes it can

Explanation:

A sailboat travels 35 km south in 5 hours. Which of the following statements describes the motion of the sallboat?​

Answers

Answer:

7km/hr

Explanation:

Which organism lives in a colony with many others of the same cell type?

Answers

Answer:  The alga Volvox , or multicellular, as in the phylum Bryozoa. The former type may have been the first step toward multicellular organisms.

Explanation:

Genes that are linked together ______.

Answers

Answer: A, genes to form different traits.

Explanation: it’s already a question on Brainly.

Answer:

combine to form like traits

Explanation:

the genes are made from DNA which is made from chromosomes which hold the dominant and recessive traits of and offspring(s) (if this was incorrect, I apologize)

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Amy-Jo works for herself selling weight-loss products door to door. This isA. not typical, because most door-to-door salespeople work for companies.B. not typical, because products are rarely sold door to door.C. typical, because most door-to-door salespeople are self-employed.D. typical, because most weight-loss products are sold door to door addition problems put the number by which one you answer please A b c or d ................... WILL BE MARKED BRAINLIEST if the answer was right Which best describes the March to the Sea?It was a tactic that ultimately wasted Northern resources.It was a destructive tactic that made the war last longer.It was a destructive tactic that helped end the war.It was a tactic that showed the North's good intentions.ANSWER AS FAST AS POSSIBLE Only another if your a 100% sure Give Brainliest (need ASAP) How tractors are controlledExamples of how robotics and automation have merged tasks in the fieldHow equipment size has changedWhat tractor operators use to monitor equipmentElectronic tractor management systemsHow farming productivity and efficiency has changed as a result of automation and robotics Create 2 tweets on why the US should not invest to much money to help the standard of living in Iraq, and it should invest money into another location in Iraq. (Max 140 characters per tweet) Line I is parallel to line m. If the measure of define dementia in your own wordshow does the brain change with this disease Examples of using chemical equilibrium in our daily life (other that ammonia, homeostasis, and others) ...............................................................help plz................................................ Violet is baking a mixed berry pie that contains blueberries, cherries, blackberries, and raspberries. She uses three times as many blackberries as cherries, twice as many blueberries as raspberries, and the same number of blackberries and raspberries. If Violet has 10 cherries, how many of each of the other berries must she use The events that led to the Montgomery bus boycott were set in motion _____.A. after Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1957B. before the Supreme Court handed down Brown v. Board of EducationC. when Martin Luther King, Jr., called for the boycottD. when Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat on a bus Find the value of X, I need help solving this Can someone check my answr for this please Graph y=-3x+7 on a graph Noa was paid a 25 percent commission for selling a used car.PercentsTotal100%If she was paid $1,631.24, what was the selling price of the car?A. $4,078.10B. $6,524.96C. $8,156.20D. $40,781.00 it is not that hard im just a little lazy Find the unit rate $ 6. 80 for 9 muffins Angel is shopping in a department store for sneakers. He picks a pair of sneakers that costs $85 but are on sale for 15% off. Since they were on clearance he was entitled to an additional 10% off the sale price. What was the total cost of the sneakers?