Answer:
Production.
Explanation:
A budget is a financial plan used for the estimation of revenue and expenditures of an individual, organization or government for a specified period of time, often one year.
Basically, budgets are usually compiled, analyzed and re-evaluated on periodic basis.
The key principle of supply chain management can be best summed up as collaboration between multiple firms. Thus, these multiple firms include a company that is saddled with the responsibility of manufacturing, a wholesaler, and a retailer who typically sells the products to the customers or consumers.
A retailer can be defined as an individual or company that buys finished goods directly from a wholesaler and sells directly to the end users (consumers).
In this context, a retailer would prepare an administrative, sales and cash budget but certainly wouldn't prepare a production budget because retailers aren't saddled with the responsibility of producing goods.
Simply stated, a production budget would be prepared by a manufacturer or producer.
Contribution Margin Willie Company sells 24,000 units at $33 per unit. Variable costs are $21.78 per unit, and fixed costs are $134,600.
Determine (a) the contribution margin ratio, (b) the unit contribution margin, and (c) operating income.
a. Contribution margin ratio (Enter as a whole number.) ______ %
b. Unit contribution margin (Round to the nearest cent.) $_______ per unit
c. Operating income $______
Answer:
a. 0.34 or 34 %
b. $11.22
c. $134,680
Explanation:
Unit Contribution Margin = Sales per unit - Variable Costs per unit
= $33.00 - $21.78
= $11.22
Contribution margin ratio = Contribution ÷ Sales
= $11.22 ÷ $33.00
= 0.34
Operating Income = Contribution - Fixed Cost
= ($11.22 x 24,000 units) - $134,600
= $134,680
Competitive priorities define the dimensions on which companies should excel in producing their products or services. Which one of the following statements is true?
a. A firm offering little customization cannot compete simultaneously on the dimension of consistent quality.
b. A firm that competes on the dimension of customization tends to have operating systems that are inflexible.
c. It is impossible for a firm to improve cost and quality simultaneously.
d. A firm that competes on the dimension of volume flexibility is more likely to manufacture products that experience a seasonal demand variation.
Answer:
b. A firm that competes on the dimension of customization tends to have operating systems that are inflexible.
Explanation:
It is correct to say that a company that competes in the customization dimension tends to have inflexible operating systems, because product customization is a different process from mass production, as the demand is different, the customization process takes longer and therefore requires inflexible operating systems.
Your team is working hard to develop a strategy to serve a new client. Which of the following actions is most important to ensuring an effective strategy is chosen?
a. Suggest that each proposed strategy be evaluated against a set of key objectives.
b. Invite the client into a meeting to shape the strategy.
c. Conduct a benchmarking survey of similar clients to determine best strategy.
d. Ask the team member with the most industry-related experience to lead the process.
Answer:
b. Invite the client into a meeting to shape the strategy.
Explanation:
It is very important when we invited the client for meeting so that we are able to share the strategy as the open and loose could be discussed in a proper way and in easy way also the suggestions are also welcome. In addition to this, the strategy should be taken place as per the preferences, requirements and choices of the clients
Therefore the option b is correct
Adidas is using 3D printed shoes which will be custom made at first and then mass manufactured, as unit costs fall. Three-dimensional printing is expected to dramatically reduce businesses' carbon footprints because the technology _______.
Answer:
c. nearly eliminates transportation of finished goods to distribution centers and retailers
Explanation:
3D printing is a form of additive manufacturing that should help in carbon footprint that are related with the transport sector as the transportation and the storage should be decreased via the technology,
The shoes should be generated on demand basis that depend upon the 3d printing technology so it removed the finished goods transportation to the distribution centers & the retailers
Therefore the correct option is c.
the ness company sells $5,000,000 of five-year, 10% bonds at the start of the year. the bonds have an effective yield of 9%. present value factors are below: The amount of bond premium amortization for Year 2 is:
Answer:
The amount of bond premium amortization for Year 2 is:
= $35,421.26
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
Face value of bonds = $5,000,000
Selling price of bonds = $5,194,482.56
Premium on bonds = $194,482.56
Coupon interest rate = 10%
Effective yield = 9%
Annual interest payment = $500,000 ($5,000,000 * 10%)
N (# of periods) 5
I/Y (Interest per year) 9
PMT (Periodic Payment) 500000
FV (Future Value) 5000000
Amortization Schedule
Period PV Annual PMT Interest Amortization
Year 1 $5,194,482.56 $500,000.00 $467,503.43 $32,496.57
Year 2 $5,161,985.99 $500,000.00 $464,578.74 $35,421.26
Year 3 $5,126,564.73 $500,000.00 $461,390.83 $38,609.17
Year 4 $5,087,955.56 $500,000.00 $457,916.00 $42,084.00
Year 5 $5,045,871.56 $500,000.00 $454,128.44 $45,871.56
End of Year 5 FV = $5,000,000
Results
PV = $5,194,482.56
Sum of all periodic payments $2,500,000.00
Total Interest $2,305,517.44
Using all of their resources, Company A can make either 100 computers or 50 cell phones while Company B can make either 200 computers or 150 cell phones. If both companies have the same quantity of resources, then ________ has an absolute advantage in computers while ________ has a comparative advantage in cell phones.
Answer:
company B
company B
Explanation:
A company has comparative advantage in production if it produces at a lower opportunity cost when compared to other companies.
Opportunity cost of producing cell phones
company A = 100 / 50 = 2
company B = 200 / 150 = 1.3
The opportunity cost of company B is lower than that of company A. Company B has a comparative advantage in the production of cell phones
A company has absolute advantage in the production of a good or service if it produces more quantity of a good when compared to other countries
Company B produces 200 computers while company A produces 100 computer. Company B has an absolute advantage in the production of computers
On January 1, the listed spot and futures prices of a Treasury bond were 95.4 and 95.6. You sold $100,000 par value Treasury bonds and purchased one Treasury bond futures contract. One month later, the listed spot price and futures prices were 95 and 94.4, respectively. If you were to liquidate your position, your profits would be a
Answer:
If you were to liquidate your position, your profits would be $800
Explanation:
Given the data in the question;
On the first of January, listed spot and futures prices of a Treasury bond were 95.4 and 95.6.
After a month, the listed spot price and futures prices were 95 and 94.4.
sold $100,000 par value Treasury bonds and purchased one Treasury bond futures contract.
Now,
we determine the Change in the value of bond purchased in spot
⇒ ( 95 - 95.4 )% × $100,000
= -0.4% × $100,000
= -$400
Next, we determine the Change in the value of bond sold in futures
⇒ ( 95.6 - 94.4 )% × $100,000
= 1.2% × $100,000
= $1200
Hence, change in the value of combined position will be;
⇒ ( -$400 ) + ( $1200 ) = $800
Therefore, If you were to liquidate your position, your profits would be $800
Given the following information, prepare an income statement for the Dental Drilling Company.
Selling and administrative expense $90,000
Depreciation expense 75,000
Sales 621,000
Interest expense 46,000
Cost of goods sold 231,000
Taxes 50,000
Answer:
Results are below.
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
Selling and administrative expense $90,000
Depreciation expense 75,000
Sales 621,000
Interest expense 46,000
Cost of goods sold 231,000
Taxes 50,000
With the information listed above, we need to make an income statement following the structure below:
Sales= 621,000
COGS= (231,000)
Gross profit= 390,000
Selling and administrative expense= (90,000)
Depreciation expense= (75,000)
Interest expense= (46,000)
Eearning before taxes (EBT)= 179,000
Taxes= (50,000)
Net operating income= 129,000
The Fisher Effect equation can be used to determine the real interest rate. Use this equation to determine the answer to the question. If the nominal interest rate is 0.1100.110 , and the inflation rate is 0.0250.025 , what is the real interest rate
Answer:
0.075%
Explanation:
Interest rate is the rate earned on deposits or the rate charged on loans.
Interest rate could be real or nominal
Nominal interest rate is real interest rate plus inflation rate
Real interest rate is interest rate that has been adjusted for inflation
Fisher effect equation : ( 1 + nominal interest rate) = (1 + real interest rate) x (1 + inflation rate)
(1 + 0.001) = (1 + real interest rate) x (1 + 0.00025)
1.001 = (1 + real interest rate) x (1.00025)
1.001 / (1.00025) = (1 + real interest rate)
1.00075 = (1 + real interest rate)
real interest rate = 1.00075 - 1
= 0.00075 = 0.075%
Consider the monopolistically competitive market structure, which has some features of a competitive market and some features of a monopoly.
Complete the following table by indicating if each attribute characterizes a competitive market, a monopolistically competitive market, both, or neither. Check all that apply.
Attributes Competitive Market Monopolistically Competitive Market
Few sellers
Free entry
Price is equal to marginal cost
Price equals average total cost in the long run
Answer:
The answer is below
Explanation:
Considering the available options, here are the attributes that characterize a competitive market, and a monopolistically competitive market.
A competitive market is characterized by Identical products and Price = MR, while Monopolistic competition is characterized by product differentiation and few sellers.
Hence, it can be written as:
Competitive markets
Product differentiation. No
Identical products Yes
Price=MR Yes
Few sellers No
Monopolistic competition
Product differentiation. Yes
Identical products No
Price=MR No
Few sellers Yes
What is the answer to this question? B or C?
Answer:B
Explanation: everything had a code of ethics.
Reynolds Manufacturers Inc. has estimated total factory overhead costs of $136,400 and expected direct labor hours of 12,400 for the current fiscal year. If Job 117 incurs 1,110 direct labor hours, Work in Process will be debited and Factory Overhead will be credited for a.$12,210 b.$136,400 c.$68,200 d.$1,110
A special investment project will require 5 years of planning and implementation, but will allow your firm to receive $350,000 at the end of years 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10. If the appropriate discount rate is 13%, what is the present value of those cash flows
Answer: $668,154
Explanation:
The present value would be the sum of the present values of the five cashflows.
= 350,000 / 1.13⁶ + 350,000 / 1.13⁷ + 350,000 / 1.13⁸ + 350,000 / 1.13⁹ + 350,000 / 1.13¹⁰
= $668,154.28
= $668,154
TB MC Qu. 08-104 Marlow Company purchased a point of... Marlow Company purchased a point of sale system on January 1 for $3,400. This system has a useful life of 10 years and a salvage value of $400. What would be the depreciation expense for the first year of its useful life using the double-declining-balance method
Answer:
$680
Explanation:
Calculation to determine What would be the depreciation expense for the first year of its useful life using the double-declining-balance method
Depreciation expense=3400*(100%/10 * 2)
Depreciation expense=3400*.2
Depreciation expense= 680
Therefore What would be the depreciation expense for the first year of its useful life using the double-declining-balance method is $680
Buffet Company was organized in January 2018 and has 1,000 shares of $200 par value, 10 percent, noncumulative preferred stock outstanding and 3,000 shares of $1 par value common stock outstanding. Dividends declared and paid each year are $10,000 in 2018, $15,000 in 2019, and $75,000 in 2020. During 2020, the dividends that must be paid to the preferred and common stockholders, respectively, total _____. multiple choice $35,000 and $40,000 $75,000 and $0 $20,000 and $55,000 $100,000 and $0
Answer:
$20,000 and $55,000
Explanation:
Calculation to determine the dividends that must be paid to the preferred and common stockholders, respectively
PREFERRED
Preferred stock holders = 1,000 × $200 × 10%
Preferred stock holders=$20,000
COMMON STOCKHOLDERS
Common stockholders =$75,000-(1,000 × $200 × 10%)
Common stockholders = $75,000 - $20,000
Common stockholders = $55,000
During 2020, the dividends that must be paid to the preferred and common stockholders, respectively, total $20,000 and $55,000
Townsend Industries Inc. manufactures recreational vehicles. Townsend uses a job order cost system. The time tickets from November jobs are summarized as follows:
Job 201 $4,850
Job 202 2,420
Job 203 1,910
Job 204 3,570
Factory supervision 1,660
Factory overhead is applied to jobs on the basis of a predetermined overhead rate of $28 per direct labor hour. The direct labor rate is $17 per hour. If required, round final answers to the nearest dollar.
a. Journalize the entry to record the factory labor costs.
b. Journalize the entry to apply factory overhead to production for November.
Answer and Explanation:
The journal entry is given below:
a. Work in process ($4,850 + $2,420 + $1,910 + $3,570) $12,750
Factory overhead $1,660
To wages payable $14,410
(being the factory labor cost is recorded)
b. Work in process Dr ($12,750 ÷ $17 × $28) $21,000
To factory overhead $21,000
(being the factory overhead is applied)
These two entries should be recorded for an individual parts
Draus Products Company uses activity-based costing to compute product costs for external reports. The company has three activity cost pools and applies overhead using predetermined overhead rates for each activity cost pool. Estimated costs and activities for the current year are presented below for the three activity cost pools.
Estimated Overhead Cost Expected Activity
Activity #1 $60,048 4,800
Activity #2 $58,656 2,400
Activity #3 $130,324 4,400
Actual costs and activities for the current year were as follows.
Actual Overhead Cost Actual Activity
Activity #1 $59,798 4,830
Activity #2 $58,476 2,370
Activity #3 $130,234 4,450
The total amount of the debits to the manufacturing overhead during the year was closest to:__________.
a. $248,508.
b. $248,988.
c. $250,334.
d. $251,110.
Answer:
a. $248,508.
Explanation:
The calculation of the total amount of the debits to the manufacturing overhead during the year is given below:
Total Amount of Debits should be
= Actual Overhead Cost
= $59,898 + $58,476 + $130,324
= $248,508
Hence, the total amount of the debits to the manufacturing overhead during the year is $248,508
Therefore the correct option is a.
Suppose that the U.S. government decides to charge cola consumers a tax. Before the tax, 45 million cases of cola were sold every month at a price of $6 per case. After the tax, 39 million cases of cola are sold every month; consumers pay $7 per case (including the tax), and producers receive $3 per case (after paying the tax).
The amount of the tax on a case of cola is___per case. Of this amount, the burden that falls on consumers is____per case, and the burden that falls on producers is____per case.
The effect of the tax on the quantity sold would have been larger if the tax had been levied on consumers.
A. True
B. False
Answer:
$4
$1
$3
b
Explanation:
Tax is a compulsory amount levied on goods and services. Taxes increase the price of a good
The type of tax stated here is a sales tax
A sales tax is an example of consumption tax. It is levied on the sales of goods and services
Tax on the case of cola = Amount paid by consumers after tax - amount received by producers
7 - 3 = 4
Tax paid by consumers = amount paid by consumers after tax - amount paid before tax
$7 - $6 = $1
Tax paid by suppliers = 4 - 1 = $3
Ponzi Products produced 100 chain-letter kits this quarter, resulting in a total cash outlay of $10 per unit. It will sell 50 of the kits next quarter at a price of $11, and the other 50 kits in the third quarter at a price of $12. It takes a full quarter for Ponzi to collect its bills from its customers. (Ignore possible sales in earlier or later quarters.)
a. What is the net income for Ponzi next quarter?
b. What are the cash flows for the company this quarter?
c. What are the cash flows for the company in the third quarter?
d. What is Ponzi’s net working capital in the next quarter?
Answer:
Ponzi Products
a) Net income for the next quarter:
= $50
b) Cash outflow for this quarter = $1,000
c) Cash inflow in the third quarter = $550
d) Net working capital in the next quarter = $550
Explanation:
a) Production of chain-letter kits for the quarter = 100 units
Total production cost (outlay) = $1,000 (100 * $10)
Sales in the second quarter = $550 (50 * $11)
Sales in the third quarter = $600 (50 * $12)
Cash collections:
Third quarter = $550
Fourth quarter = $600
a) Net income for the next quarter:
Sales revenue = $550
Production cost 500 ($1,100 * 50/100)
Net income = $50 ($550 - $500)
b) Cash outflow for this quarter = $1,000
c) Cash inflow in the third quarter = $550
d) Net working capital in the next quarter = $550
A firm sells its product in a perfectly competitive market where other firms charge a price of $110 per unit. The firm estimates its total costs as C(Q) = 70 + 14Q + 2Q2. a. How much output should the firm produce in the short run?
Answer: 24 units.
Explanation:
Price(P) = 110
C(Q) = 70 + 14Q + 2Q²
The output level will be gotten when price e equals to the marginal cost.
Since C(Q) = 70 + 14Q + 2Q², the marginal cost (MC) will be: 14 + 4Q.
Therefore, P = MC
110 = 14 + 4Q
4Q = 110 - 14
4Q = 96
Q = 96/4
Q = 24
In the short run, the firm will produce 24 units.
Áp dụng một trong các phương pháp quản trị chất lượng để phân tích thực trạng công tác quản trị chất lượng tại một tổ chức/doanh nghiệp cụ thể.
Answer:
Bench marking and Continuous improvement.
Explanation:
Quality management is essential for any business. It is necessary to inspect quality of goods before they are sold to customers so that faulty products are identified at an earlier stage. There are various quality management techniques which are used by businesses. Kaizen, Six sigma, and zero defect programs are various total quality management techniques. There should be strict inspection of finished goods before they are dispatched to the customers.
XYZ Corporation uses a process costing system to collect costs related to the production of its cola. The cola is first processed in a Mixing Department and is then transferred out and finished up in the Bottling Department. The finished cases of cola are then transferred to Finished Goods Inventory. The following information relates to the company's two departments for the month of January:
Cases of cola in WIP, January 1: Mixing = 10,000; Bottling = 3,000
Cases of cola completed/transferred out during January: Mixing = 77,000; Bottling = ?
Cases of cola in WIP, January 31: Mixing = 4,000; Bottling = 8,000
Required:
How many cases of cola were completed and transferred to Finished Goods Inventory during January:
a. 66,000
b. 71,000
c. 72,000
d. 74,000
Which one of the following is unlikely to be an attractive and effective way to reduce the design, assembly, marketing, and other costs of UAV drones and help achieve a sizable competitive advantage over rival companies based on lower overall costs per UAV drone sold?
a. Trying to spend below-average amounts on website product displays, search engineO a advertising, and retailer recruitment/support in all 4 regions, provided it is competitively O o feasible to do so (but in any case exercise restraint in spending amounts well above the regional averages unless the resulting sales gains are big enough to lower costs per drone oa sold).
b. Trying to keep the warranty period to 60 days (f rivals offer long warranty periods), and higher than 120 days (f rivals offer short warranty periods) Switching to robot-assisted assembly methods to lower labor costs per drone assembled.
c. Striving to keeping marketing costs per UAV drone sold in all 4 geographic regions to levels that are several dollars below the industry-average benchmark.
d. Trying to keep the warraby period to 60 days or 90 days (but no more than 120 days), if it is competitively feasible to do so.
When we try to keep the warranty period to 60 days (f rivals offer long warranty periods), and higher than 120 days (f rivals offer short warranty periods) Switching to robot-assisted assembly methods to lower labor costs per drone assembled.UAV drones and help achieve a sizable competitive advantage over rival companies based on lower overall costs per UAV drone sold. Therefore option B is correct.
What is a UAV Drone?The term "drone" is typically used to describe any unmanned aircraft. These aircraft, also known as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), are skilled in performing a diverse range of tasks, from military operations to package delivery. Drones can range in size from the size of your hand's palm to that of an airplane.
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are planes without a human pilot or other passengers. UAVs, often known as drones, can be totally or partially autonomous, but they are typically flown by a human pilot from a distance.
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Assume that management is evaluating the purchase of a new machine as follows: Cost of new machine: $800,000 Residual value: $0 Estimated total income from machine: $300,000 Expected useful life: 5 years The average rate of return on this asset would be _____. 15% 14% 13% 16% 2. Cash payback period is computed as _____. Initial Cost multiplied by Annual Net Cash Inflow Initial cost plus Residual Value divided by Net Cash Inflow Estimated Average Annual Income divided by Total Cash Inflow Initial Cost divided by Annual Net Cash Inflow
Answer: a. 15%
b. Initial Cost divided by Annual Net Cash Inflow
Explanation:
1. Cost of new machine = $800,000
Residual value = $0
Estimated total income from machine = $300,000
Expected useful life = 5 years
Average rate of return on this asset will be calculated thus:
Firstly, we'll calculate the net income per year = Total net income / Number of years = $300000/5 = $60000
Average investment = $80000/2 = $400000
Average rate of return = Net Income per year / Average investment = $60000/$400000 = 0.15 = 15%
2. Cash payback period is computed as the initial cost divided by the annual net cash inflow. It is the amount of time that is required for the cash inflows that is generated by a particular project to be able to offset its initial cash outflow.
If an investor has a choice of investing money at 6% compounded daily or 6.025% compounded quarterly which one is best
General Rule: Daily compounding gives a higher yield
Compounding works like this:
6.025% per quarter
Quarter 1: $100 x 6.025% = $6.025
Quarter 2: $106.025 x 6.025% = $6.388
Quarter 3: $112.413 x 6.025% = $6.7729
Quarter 4: $119.186 x 6.025% = $7.4491
Etc…
6% per day
Day 1: $100 x 6% = $6
Day 2: $106 x 6% = $6.36
...
Day 365: $193.47 x 6% = $11.96
Dennis Rodman has a $5,000 debt balance on his Visa card that charges 10. 7 percent compounded monthly. Dennis's current minimum monthly payment is 5 perent of his debt balance, which is $250.
How many months (round up) will it take Dennis to pay off his credit card if he pays the current minimum payment of $250 at the end of each month?
How many months will it take Dennis to pay off his credit card?
Answer: 22.13 months
Explanation:
The number of months that it will take Dennis to pay off his credit card will be calculated thus:
Balance amount = $5000
Monthly payment = $250
Interest rate = 10.7%/12 = 0.89%
The number of months will be:
= NPER(0.89, -250, 5000, 0).
= 22.13 months
The difference between actual overhead costs incurred and the budgeted overhead costs based on a flexible budget is the: Multiple Choice Production variance. Controllable variance. Volume variance. Price variance. Quantity variance.
The difference between actual overhead costs incurred and the budgeted overhead costs based on a flexible budget is the controllable variance.
In accounting, there are two elements of a variance- rate variance and volume variance. While the rate variance refers to the difference in the actual price paid vs. the budgeted price, the volume variance refers to the portion of the variance in sales, unit usage.
The controllable variance is in the "rate" element of the variance.Controllable variance refers to the process by which the efficiency of using variable overhead resources is measured.This means that the controllable variance is the difference between the actual cost and the budgeted overhead cost.The calculation for this variance is: Actual overhear expense - (budgeted overhead cost x standard number of units)= overhead controllable variance.In short, we can say that the controllable variance is the amount that is not part of the volume variance. Rather, it is the difference in the overhead cost incurred and the budgeted overhead cost.
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Radison Enterprises sells a product for $114 per unit. The variable cost is $63 per unit, while fixed costs are $741,285. Determine (a) the break-even point in sales units and (b) the break-even point if the selling price were increased to $120 per unit. a. Break-even point in sales units fill in the blank 1 units b. Break-even point if the selling price were increased to $120 per unit
Answer:
Results are below.
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
Selling price= $114
Unitary variable cost= $63
Fixed costs= $741,285
To calculate the break-even point in units, we need to use the following formula:
Break-even point in units= fixed costs/ contribution margin per unit
Break-even point in units= 741,285 / (114 - 63)
Break-even point in units= 14,535
Now, the break-even point if the selling price is $120:
Break-even point in units= 741,285 / (120 - 63)
Break-even point in units= 13,005
If Walmart (WMT) recently earned a profit of $5.10 per share and has a P/E ratio of 16.25. The dividend has been growing at a 6 percent rate over the past few years. If this growth continues, what would be the stock price in five years if the P/E ratio remained unchanged?
What would the price be if the P/E ratio declined to 12 in five years?
A) $41.44, $30.60 respectively
B) $82.88, $61.20 respectively
C) $110.91, $81.90 respectively
D) $414.38, $306.00 respectively
Answer:
C) $110.91, $81.90 respectively
Explanation:
Earning per share after year 5 = $5.10*(1+6%)^5
Earning per share after year 5 = $5.10*(1.06)^5
Earning per share after year 5 = $5.10*1.33823
Earning per share after year 5 = $6.825
If this growth continues, what would be the stock price in five years if the P/E ratio remained unchanged?
Price per share = P/E ratio * Earning per share
Price per share = 16.25*$6.825
Price per share = $110.91
What would the price be if the P/E ratio declined to 12 in five years?
Price per share = P/E ratio * Earning per share
Price per share = 12*$6.825
Price per share = $81.90
All of the following are qualified education expenses for the Lifetime Learning Credit and American Opportunity Credit, except: _________
a) Books and Supplies.
b) Tuition and Fees.
c) Equipment.
d) Room and Board.
Answer:
d) Room and Board.
Explanation:
The only option that is not qualified as an educational expense would be Room and Board. This is because a place to stay on campus is not a necessity for learning. Tuition/Fees, Equipment, and Books/Supplies are all necessary in order to be able to attend the university and learn. Without these, it would be impossible for you as a student to learn what is needed. However, with these things you can easily travel by car, bus, or train to the faculty without the need for a room or board.
