According to Hardy-Weinberg, when a population is in equilibrium, it will have the same allelic frequencies generation after generation, meaning that they are stable, they are not evolving.
When any evolutive force is acting on the population, this equilibrium breacks, and allelic and genotypic frequencies change through generations, differing from the expected ones.
A) Option 7 is the correct answer ⇒ 0.41
B) Option 6 is the correct answer ⇒ 120
C) Option 7 is the correct answer ⇒ 3.84
D) Option 1 is the correct answer ⇒ The class represents a population that is in H-W equilibrium
E) Option 1 is correct. Comparing the value of Chi-square that I calculated with the critical value of Chi-square for the appropriate degrees of freedom I conclude that P>0.05. Hence, I reject the null hypothesis.
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Allelic frequencies in a locus are represented as p and q, referring to the
allelic dominant or recessive forms. The genotypic frequencies after one generation are p² (H0m0zyg0us dominant), 2pq (H3ter0zygous), q² (H0m0zyg0us recessive). Populations in H-W equilibrium will get the same
allelic frequencies generation after generation.
The sum of the allelic frequencies equals 1, this is p + q = 1.
In the same way, the sum of genotypic frequencies equals 1, this is
p² + 2pq + q² = 1
Being
p the dominant allelic frequency,
q the recessive allelic frequency,
p² the h0m0zyg0us dominant genotypic frequency
q² the h0m0zyg0us recessive genotypic frequency
2pq the h3ter0zyg0us genotypic frequency
Situation: Through PCR, we have determined the PER3 genotypes for a class of students as follows:
H4/H4 = 125 individuals;
H4/H5 = 85 individuals;
H5/H5=24 individuals.
⇒ Total number of individuals= 125 + 85 + 24 = 234
⇒ Genotypic frequencies, F(xx):
F(H4/H4) = 125/234 =0.534
F(H4/H5) = 85/234 = 0.363
F(H5/H5) = 24/234 = 0.102
⇒ Allelic frequencies, f(x):
f(H4) = p = F(H4/H4) + 1/2 F(H4/H5) = 0.534 + 0.363/2 = 0.534 + 0.182 = 0.716
f(H5) = q = F(H5/H5) + 1/2 F(H4/H5) = 0.102 + 0.363/2 = 0.102 + 0.182 = 0.284
Questions:
A) According to the theoreticall frame, we know that 2pq is the h3ter0zygous genotypic frequency. So,
F(H4/H5) = 2pq = 2 x 0.716 x 0.284 = 0.408 ≅ 0.41 ⇒ Option 7 is the correct answer.
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B) According to the theoreticall frame, we know that p² is the h0m0zyg0us genotypic frequency. So,
p = 0.716
p² = 0.5126 ≅ 0.513 ⇒ This is the genotypic frequency.
To calculate the number of individuals carrying this genotype, we need to multiply it by the total number of
individuals.
H4/H4 individuals = p² x total number of individuals = 0.513 x 234 = 120
Option 6 is the correct answer.
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C) Up to here we know that 2pq = 0.41 and p² = 0.513
Now we need to calculate q ²
q = 0.284, then q² = 0.284² = 0.08
These are the expected frequencies if the population was in H-W equilibrium.
The expected number of individuals with each genotype are:
H4/H4 = 0.513 x 234 = 120 individuals
H4/H5 = 0.41 x 234 = 96 individuals
H5/H5= 0.08 x 234 = 18 individuals
The observed number of individuals with each genotype are:
H4/H4 = 125 individuals
H4/H5 = 85 individuals
H5/H5=24 individuals
X² = ∑ (Observed - Expected)²/Expected)
X² = ((125-120)²/120) + ((85 - 96)²/96) + ((24-18)²/18)
X² = 0.21 + 1.26 + 2 =
X² = 3.47
The clossest option is option 7 = 3.84. The difference might be related to decimals and rounding.
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D) The correct answer is 1 ⇒ The whole class represents a population that is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
The null hypothesis always predict that populations are in H-W equilibrium.
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E)
X² = 3.47
Freedom degrees = n - 1 = 3 - 1 = 2
Table p value: 7.82
Significance level, 5% = 0.05
Table value/Critical value = 5.991
5.991 > 0.347
Meaning that the difference between the observed individuals and the expected individuals is statistically significant. Not probably to have differe by random chances. There is enough evidence to reject the null
hypothesis.
Option 1 is correct. Comparing the value of Chi-square that I calculated with the critical value of Chi-square for the appropriate degrees of freedom I conclude that P>0.05. Hence, I reject the null hypothesis.
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quá trình nhận thức là gì và kết hôn đồng tính là gì
which is an example of incomplete dominance?
a] A red flower and a yellow flower mating to produce a yellow flower.
b] A red flower and a yellow flower mating to produce a red flower.
c] A red flower and a yellow flower mating to produce an orange flower.
d] A orange flowers mating to produce an orange flower.
Answer:
c] A red flower and a yellow flower mating to produce an orange flower.
Explanation:
An incomplete dominance in biological terms means a situation where one allele doesn't totally take the expression in a gene, but rather the two parental traits combine to form a secondary trait. As a result of this, a third phenotype comes up, with the physical trait being a mix of the phenotype of the parents.
Therefore, an example of incomplete dominance is a red flower and a yellow flower mating to produce an orange flower.
Answer:D
Explanation:
D is a Orange with orange meaning its incomplete dominance because it both the same theres no other color dominance the other
The most basic organization level of life is a ____________. A. membrane B. tissue C. cell D. organ
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The answer is...
C. Cell.
Hopefully, this helps you!!
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plz give a correct answer for the question how do canine and molar differ.
Answer:
gshshshs
Explanation:
shsjejjsjsjejejdjs
Answer:
canine help in tearing the fod while molar chew the food
Explanation:
xyz
In the cell bio lab, we use company manufactured gels, however you can make you own polyacrylamide gels. List all of the ingredients found in an SDS-PAGE gel. Which ingredients are responsible for polymerizing the solution?
Answer:
The list of ingredients are used in this method are as follow-
1. Acrylamide - mostly 30%
2. Bisacrylamide - mostly 0.8%
3. 1.5M Tris-Hcl pH 6.8 for stacking gel and 8.8 for separating gel.
4. 10% SDS
5. 10% APS
6. TEMED
7. Double distilled water
Polymerization:
Acrylamide is a polymer that is used to dissolved in buffer and bisacrylamide is the cross linking agen.
Two types of gels are prepared for separation of protein. Stacking gel is usually 4 or 6% and separating gel is usually 10 to 20%. Lower concentration of stacking gel will allow the migration of all the protein same because of larger pore size. It will stack or line up the proteins for its next level of separation.
Higher concentration of separating gel will provide resistance to the movement of protein because of the low pore size and therefore linear bands can be achieved neatly.
A husband and wife have a child who suffers from cystic fibrosis (CF), an incurable, fatal hereditary disease that results in frequent infections and difficulty breathing. The couple wants to determine their risk of having another child with this disorder. Because CF is a recessive disorder, a child usually must inherit the CF gene from both parents to get the disease. A child with just one CF gene is a carrier: Such a person doesn't have the disorder 'but can pass the trait on to the next generation. The DNA test revealed that the mother of the child carried the CF trait; however, her husband did not. The DNA tests showed that he was not the biological father of the child.
This test has put the counselor in a difficult situation. Should the counselor tell the couple about the nonpaternity findings? Should the mother be told privately? If so, is the center colluding with the mother to withhold information from the husband? In addition, this case brings up issues concerning the biological father of the child. This man has not contracted with the genetics center for the test, yet the counselor now knows that this man is probably a carrier of the mutant gene for CF.
Required:
a. Should the genetic counselor call this man and tell him about his risk?
b. What would you do if you were the genetic counselor?
c. Present arguments for both sides of the issue.
Answer:
Both
Explanation:
Risk because the genetic counsler does too much argument
Which plant activities are directed by hormones? (select all that apply)
a. sunflowers following the sun to face it as it moves across the sky
b. leaves of deciduous trees changing colors in the fall
c. a green tomato turning red
d. a growing vine wrapping around a fence post
Answer:
All of the activities are directed by plant hormone
Answer:
it is all of them
Explanation:
Trust me I got 75% instead of 100 because i didnt chose all of them
1. An oral examination limits the practitioner to knowledge of what is seen clinically.
a. True
b. False
2. Dental radiographs allow the practitioner to see many conditions that are not apparent clinically.
a. True
b. False
Answer:
1. True.
2. True.
Explanation:
Diagnostic testing can be defined as a scientific process that typically involves identifying a condition or its cause through a series of procedures and examination.
In Medicine, a diagnostic test can be used to identify a disease (sickness) or cause of symptoms.
This ultimately implies that, a diagnostic test avails medical professionals or experts the opportunity to identify illnesses and underlying causes of symptoms.
1. True: an oral examination limits the ability of a medical professional or expert (practitioner) to have knowledge of what is seen clinically.
2. True: dental radiographs is an equipment which allow a medical professional or expert (practitioner) to see many conditions that are not apparent clinically.
If a small drop of tiny particles such as pollen grains are dropped into a drop of water on a microscope slide, they will appear to vibrate and spread out. The primary reason for this is a. Currents in the water are pushing them around. b. They have internal energy and that is causing them to move. c. They are being continually struck by randomly moving water molecules from all sides and those strikes fluctuate and are sometimes uneven. d. Internal forces between the particles cause them to repel and attract.
Answer:
Internal forces between the particles cause them to repel and attract.
If Dedra has a mass of 50 kg, where would she weigh the most?
Sun
Gravity = 274 m/s2
Moon
Gravity = 1.6 m/s2
Earth
Gravity = 9.8 m/sa
Answer:
probably on the sun
Explanation:
the explanation is because she weighs 50 kg on the earth. She would weigh less on the moon since the moon has less gravity to pull her down. The sun is the best answer considering that it has the most gravitational pull than the earth and the moon
what is psychasthenia? Please don't copy and paste from g,o,o,g,l,e.
Answer:
Psychasthenia is a neurotic state characterized especially by phobias, obsessions, or compulsions that one knows are irrational.
Which of the following cycles does not involve living organisms?
a. carbon cycle
b. oxygen cycle
c. rock cycle
d. nitrogen cycle
Please select the best answer from the choices provided
PLS HELP ASAP
Answer:
rock cycle is the correct answer
If you were to record the activity of a mirror neuron, you should expect that it would act in the same way
when we perform an action - such as picking up an object - as when we:
A. choose to not perform that action
B. observe someone else perform that action
C. read about performing that action
D. think about performing that action
Answer:
f
Explanation:
Sperm cells are not normally exposed to blood, but if they are, the immune system may produce ____________ against sperm cells' ____________ and render someone sterile.
Answer:
Sperm cells are not normally exposed to blood, but if they are, the immune system may produce __auto-antibodies__ against sperm cells' __auto-antigens_ and render someone sterile.
Explanation:
Auto-antibodies are antibodies that can destroy cells from the same organism. They are mistakenly directed against organs or tissues of the same organisms, causing auto-immune diseases or affections. The autoantibodies action occurs when the organism fails in recognizing its own cells and faces them as strange elements.
Auto-antigen is the molecule produces by the body that fails in being recognized due to a break up in the tolerance mechanisms, triggering an immune response.
In the exposed example, sperm cells do not usually mix with blood. So when they do, blood cells recognize them as strange bodies and act against them. Sterility might be an effect of this auto-immune response.
Close examination of a healthy organ reveals a lining of several layers of cells. The layers do not contain any blood vessels and one surface of the cells lines the cavity of the organ. This tissue is a type of
Answer:
fat tissue
Explanation:
The meaning of ALARA in radiation?
Answer:
The guiding principle of radiation safety is “ALARA”. ALARA stands for “as low as reasonably achievable”.
age 12 of 14
A couple has three children. The table shows some of the characteristics of the
children.
Child
Sickle Cell/Normal
Sex
Blood group
1
Sickle cell
Male
B
Normal
2
Female
AB
3
Normal
Male
0
What type(s) of variation do these characteristics show?
A Continuous variation only
B Discontinuous variation only
C с Both continuous and discontinuous variation
D
Neither continuous nor discontinuous variation
Answer:
The answer would be B. Discontinuous Variation Only.
Explanation:
Gender is discontinuous as there's only male and female. Sickle Cell/Normal is also discontinuous as you can only be one or the other. Same with blood group as there's only four types and no in-betweens.
Explain the application of the principle of genetics in agriculture and medicine
applications of biotechnology in the field of agriculture and medicine are:
Antibiotics are created from the plants for human and animal use. An antibiotic protein in stock feed is more cost-effective than traditional antibiotic production.
It helps in the production of genetically modified crops that produce crops with desired characteristics.
Gene therapy is used for the diagnoses of diseases like cancer and Parkinson’s disease.
Genetic testing is another technique that is used to diagnose any genetic diseases in theparents.
DNA fingerprinting is used in the identification of criminals and solving paternity disputes.
Was this answer helpful?
Answer:
Application # 2. Agriculture:
The contribution of genetics in the field of agriculture is remarkable in two ways, viz
(i) In the improvement of crop plants and
(ii) In the improvement of domestic animals
During alcoholic fermentation, when is NAD+ converted to NADH -- during the conversion of glucose to pyruvate (glycolysis) or during the conversion of pyruvate to alcohol?
Answer:
During the conversion of glucose to pyruvate glycolysis or during the conversion of pyruvate to alcohol
Explanation:
During the conversion of glucose to pyruvate, NAD+ is converted into NADH.
What is alcoholic fermentation?Alcoholic fermentation is a biological process that converts sugars into cellular energy while emitting ethanol and carbon dioxide as byproducts.
The NADH + H+ from glycolysis would be recycled back to NAD+ during the fermentation process, allowing glycolysis to continue. NAD+ is reduced during glycolysis to form NADH + H+.
Thus, during this, when glucose is converted to pyruvate, NAD+ is being converted to NADH.
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Fermentation preserves food and retains its original flavor as well as increasing its shelf life
Answer:
Yes it does
Explanation:
b. Bobcats are another predator of snowshoe hare. If a population of bobcats immigrates to the
area, how is this likely to affect the habitat's carrying capacities for hare and lynx?
Answer:
Decrease population and carrying capacity.
Explanation:
If a population of bobcats immigrates to the area, the population of hare and lynx decreases that also affect the habitat's carrying capacities for hare and lynx because bobcats feed on both hare and lynx. Bobcats are very aggressive in nature, and has an aggressive hunting style. With these characteristics, the bobcats can hunt both hare and lynx which leads to decrease in population and carrying capacity.
If Sarah had skin vesicles on the anterolateral region of her neck, which peripheral nerve is infected by the virus? To which peripheral nerve plexus does this nerve belong?
Using the Venn diagram (above) can you come up with some ways that the different perspectives
overlap? What do they all have in common? Write a few words of commonalities for each overlap in
the Venn diagram. Can you find one in common for all three?
Answer:
you have not posted any Venn diagrams, so it is of an impossible feat for anyone to assist in your problem
Select all of the meals that contain carbohydrate.
A. Bowl of chili with kidney beans
B. Meat and cheese platter
C. Bowl of ice cream with fresh blueberries on top
D. Bowl of whole wheat pasta with red sauce
E. Plate of bacon and eggs
what kind of services are provided in travel and tourism
Answer:
Tourism and travel-related services include services provided by hotels and restaurants (including catering), travel agencies and tour operator services, tourist guide services and other related services.
Which of these is not a component of a molecule of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)?
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Ambitious
34 answers
1.8K people helped
The right answer is Deoxyribose sugar
Explanation:
ATP consists of adenosine (this is an adenine ring and a ribose sugar) – and three phosphate groups (triphosphate).
Hope this helps
what is DNA fingerprinting?
Answer:
DNA fingerprinting is a technique that simultaneously detects lots of minisatellites in the genome to produce a pattern unique to an individual. This is a DNA fingerprint. The probability of having two people with the same DNA fingerprint that are not identical twins is very small.,,,,,Answer:
It's a laboratory technique used to establish a link between biological evidence and a suspect in Criminal investigation. It's also known as genetic fingerprinting.
what is The Catalys?
Answer:
A catalyst is a chemical substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction at any given conditions.
write the process of reproduction in brief
Answer:
I will suggest that reproduction is a life process in living things that concerns itself with the ability of living things to give rise to new individuals of their own kind.
During transcription, RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA from a DNA template with the help of accessory proteins.
a. True
b. False
Answer:
The correct answer is a. True
Explanation:
The information to produce a protein is coded in the cells in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Transcription is the process in which a DNA sequence is copied into a ribonucleic acid (RNA) sequence. This RNA sequence is a messenger RNA (mRNA) because it will be then translated into a functional protein. For this, the DNA sequence is read and an RNA strand is synthesized by an RNA polymerase (an enzyme that synthesizes RNA molecules from a DNA template). During the process participate other proteins, such as DNA binding proteins, activators, coactivators, etc. (accessory proteins).
