Polyploidy is better tolerated in plants than in animals. Polyploidy is the occurrence of more than two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell.
Polyploidy is more commonly seen in plants than in animals. This is because plants have a higher capacity to accommodate changes in the number of chromosomes than animals. It is better tolerated in plants than in animals because plants can continue to reproduce by self-fertilization, asexual reproduction, or hybridization.
Plants are generally more flexible in their genetic makeup, and polyploidy can be a useful way for them to adapt to changes in the environment. The ability of plants to produce sterile triploid individuals is an example of the benefits of polyploidy. Polyploidy can also increase the genetic diversity within a plant species, which can be important for its survival in changing environmental conditions. However, in animals, polyploidy can result in severe developmental issues, reduced fertility, and susceptibility to disease. Therefore, polyploidy is better tolerated in plants than in animals.
To know more about Polyploidy, visit:
https://brainly.com/question/31540244
#SPJ11
An 15 g ice cube at −18∘ C is put into a Thermos flask containing 130 cm3 of water at 18 ∘ C. By how much has the entropy of the cubewater system changed when a final equilibrium state is reached? The specific heat of ice is 2200 J/kgK and that of liquid water is 4187 J/kgK. The heat of fusion of water is 333×10 3J/kg. Number Unit
The change in entropy of the ice-water system when a final equilibrium state is reached is approximately 0.00159 kJ/K.
To calculate the change in entropy of the ice-water system, we need to consider the heat transfer and the change in temperature.
Given:
Mass of the ice cube = 15 g
Initial temperature of the ice cube = -18°C
Volume of water = 130 cm³
Initial temperature of water = 18°C
Specific heat of ice (c_ice) = 2200 J/kgK
Specific heat of water (c_water) = 4187 J/kgK
Heat of fusion of water (L_fusion) = 333 × 10³ J/kg
First, let's calculate the mass of the ice cube using its volume and density. The density of ice is approximately 917 kg/m³.
Density of ice = 917 kg/m³
Volume of ice = 15 cm³ = 15 × 10⁻⁶ m³
Mass of ice = Density × Volume = 917 kg/m³ × 15 × 10⁻⁶ m³ = 0.013755 kg
Now let's calculate the heat transfer for the ice cube using the specific heat of ice and the change in temperature:
Heat transfer for ice (Q_ice) = Mass × Specific heat of ice × Change in temperature
Q_ice = 0.013755 kg × 2200 J/kgK × (0°C - (-18°C)) = 0.013755 kg × 2200 J/kgK × 18 K
Next, let's calculate the heat transfer for the water using the specific heat of water and the change in temperature:
Heat transfer for water (Q_water) = Mass of water × Specific heat of water × Change in temperature
Mass of water = Volume of water × Density of water = 130 cm³ × 1 g/cm³ = 130 g = 0.13 kg
Q_water = 0.13 kg × 4187 J/kgK × (18°C - 18°C) = 0
Since there is no temperature change in the water, the heat transfer for the water is zero.
The total heat transfer for the system is the sum of the heat transfers for the ice and water:
Total heat transfer (Q_total) = Q_ice + Q_water = 0.013755 kg × 2200 J/kgK × 18 K + 0 = 0.44016 kJ
Finally, let's calculate the change in entropy using the equation:
Change in entropy (ΔS) = Q_total / Temperature
The final equilibrium temperature of the system will be the average of the initial temperatures, (-18°C + 18°C) / 2 = 0°C.
Change in entropy (ΔS) = 0.44016 kJ / (0°C + 273.15) K
Change in entropy (ΔS) ≈ 0.00159 kJ/K
Therefore, the change in entropy of the ice-water system when a final equilibrium state is reached is approximately 0.00159 kJ/K.
To know more about entropy visit:
https://brainly.com/question/20166134
#SPJ11
A certain carbon electrode used in electrical arcing applications is 47 percent porous. Given that the resistivity of graphite (in polycrystalline form) at room temperature is about 9.1μΩm, estimate the effective resistivity of the carbon electrode using the appropriate dispersion rule and the simple conductivity mixture rule. Compare your estimates with the measured value of 18μΩm and comment on the differences. b) Silver particles are dispersed in a graphite paste to increase the effective conductivity of the paste. If the volume fraction of dispersed silver is 30 percent, what is the effective conductivity of this paste at 300 K ? (The resistivity for silver at 273 K is 14.6nΩm )
a) Effective resistivity of carbon electrode: Carbon electrode is used in electrical arcing applications.
The resistivity of graphite (in polycrystalline form) at room temperature is approximately 9.1 μΩm and it is known that the electrode used in the electrical arcing application is 47% porous.
The effective resistivity of the carbon electrode can be calculated using the formula for the effective resistivity of the porous material
ρ=ρs(1+2.5D)
Where, ρ = effective resistivityρs = resistivity of solid D
= porosity of the material
Using the given values of ρs and D, we have
ρ = 9.1 x (1 + 2.5 x 0.47)ρ = 18.09 μΩm
Comparison of estimates with measured value of resistivity:
The measured value of resistivity = 18 μΩm
The estimated value of resistivity using the effective resistivity formula
= 18.09 μΩm
The difference between these two values is very small, which means that the effective resistivity formula is very accurate in predicting the effective resistivity of a porous material.
b) Effective conductivity of graphite paste with silver particles:
The resistivity of silver at 273 K is given as 14.6 nΩm. The volume fraction of silver particles dispersed in the graphite paste is 30%.
The effective conductivity of the paste can be calculated using the formula for the effective conductivity of the mixture
σm = σ1f1 + σ2f2
Where,
σm = effective conductivity σ1
= conductivity of component 1f1
= volume fraction of component 1σ2
= conductivity of component 2f2
= volume fraction of component 2
Using the given values, we have
σm = (1 / 14.6) x 0.3 + (1 / 9.1) x 0.7σm
= 0.023 + 0.076σm
= 0.099 mS/m
= 99 μS/cm
Therefore, the effective conductivity of the paste is 99 μS/cm at 300 K.
#SPJ11
Learn more about resistivity:
https://brainly.com/question/13735984
pothetical ion with three protons, two neutrons, and one electron), determine the (i) energy of a photon that will cause the excitation of an electron from level n=2 to n=6 (ii) frequency associated with this photon (iii) wavelength associated with this photon in nanometres
The wavelength associated with the photon is 329 nanometers.
To determine the energy, frequency, and wavelength associated with the excitation of an electron from level n=2 to n=6 in a hydrogen-like ion (with three protons, two neutrons, and one electron), we can use the formula for the energy of a photon:
E = -13.6 eV/n^2
where E is the energy in electron volts (eV) and n is the principal quantum number.
(i) Energy of the photon:
To find the energy of the photon, we calculate the energy difference between the two levels:
ΔE = E_final - E_initial
= (-13.6 eV/6^2) - (-13.6 eV/2^2)
= (-13.6 eV/36) - (-13.6 eV/4)
= -0.3778 eV
The energy of the photon required to cause excitation is 0.3778 eV.
(ii) Frequency associated with the photon:
The energy of a photon can be related to its frequency (ν) using the equation:
E = hν
where h is Planck's constant (4.1357 x 10^-15 eV·s).
Substituting the values, we can solve for the frequency:
0.3778 eV = (4.1357 x 10^-15 eV·s) ν
ν = (0.3778 eV) / (4.1357 x 10^-15 eV·s)
ν ≈ 9.125 x 10^14 Hz
The frequency associated with the photon is approximately 9.125 x 10^14 Hz.
(iii) Wavelength associated with the photon:
The wavelength (λ) of the photon can be determined using the equation: c = νλ
where c is the speed of light (3.0 x 10^8 m/s).
Substituting the values, we can solve for the wavelength:
(3.0 x 10^8 m/s) = (9.125 x 10^14 Hz) λ
λ = (3.0 x 10^8 m/s) / (9.125 x 10^14 Hz)
λ ≈ 3.29 x 10^-7 m
Converting the wavelength to nanometers:
λ ≈ 329 nm
The wavelength associated with the photon is approximately 329 nanometers.
Learn more about wavelength from the given link
https://brainly.com/question/10728818
#SPJ11
( K=3,C=1) Could an elephant walking slowly across a field have more kinetic energy than a cheetah chasing its prey? Explain your answer.
The cheetah chasing its prey has more kinetic energy than an elephant walking slowly across a field, as the kinetic energy of the cheetah is significantly higher than that of the elephant.
Kinetic energy formula is K.E. = 1/2mv² where m is the mass of the object and v is the velocity or speed of the object. Therefore, an elephant walking slowly across a field could have more kinetic energy than a cheetah chasing its prey.
If K = 3, C = 1
For the elephant:Mass, m = 5000 kg (150*33.33)
Velocity, v = 1 m/s
Kinetic energy, K.E. = 1/2mv² = 1/2 * 5000 * 1² = 2500 J
For the cheetah:Mass, m = 50 kgVelocity, v = 20 m/s
Kinetic energy, K.E. = 1/2mv² = 1/2 * 50 * 20² = 10000 J
Therefore, the cheetah chasing its prey has more kinetic energy than an elephant walking slowly across a field, as the kinetic energy of the cheetah is significantly higher than that of the elephant.
Learn more about kinetic energy with the given link,
https://brainly.com/question/8101588
#SPJ11
In a candle flame which of these catches fire?
a. Solid wax
b. Molten wax
c. Wax Vapours
option c.The wax vapors are what catch fire in a candle flame.
A candle flame is a visible light-emitting element that appears when a candle burns. A wick of the candle draws the melted wax upward, and the heat from the wick vaporizes the wax to generate a visible flame.
When a candle burns, the heat of the flame vaporizes the wax close to the wick. This vaporized wax, which is made up of a variety of hydrocarbons, then responds with oxygen from the air to produce heat, light, water vapor, and carbon dioxide.
Candle flames have a cone shape that is divided into three zones: the dark zone, the luminous zone, and the outer zone. In the dark zone, there is no combustion since there is insufficient oxygen.
Hydrocarbons such as vaporized wax rise into the luminous zone, where they react with oxygen to generate light and heat. The outermost zone is where the hydrocarbons and oxygen meet, causing a blueish-white light to be emitted.The correct answer is option c.
Know more about carbon dioxide here:
https://brainly.com/question/30355437
#SPJ8
The influenza Pandemic of 1918 is estimated to have killed Americans: over 200,000 over 500,000 over 400.000 over 300,000 over 600,000 Question 48 2 pts The movement of methylmercury through an aquati
The influenza pandemic of 1918 is estimated to have killed Americans: over 500,000. Therefore, the correct option is "over 500,000".
The influenza pandemic of 1918 is also known as the Spanish flu. It was a severe global influenza pandemic caused by an H1N1 influenza A virus. The pandemic lasted from February 1918 to April 1920.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the influenza pandemic of 1918-1919 killed an estimated 50 million people worldwide, including 675,000 in the United States.In the United States, it is estimated that the pandemic killed around 500,000 people.
The outbreak was responsible for the deaths of approximately 2-3% of the entire population. The virus spread rapidly and affected many parts of the country in waves. Schools, theaters, and other public places were closed to try to contain the spread of the virus. It was one of the deadliest pandemics in history.
To know more about influenza pandemic visit:
https://brainly.com/question/28922307
#SPJ11
You must evaluate the purchase of a proposed spectrometer for the R&D department. The base price is $140,000, and it would cost another $30,000 to modify the equipment for special use by the firm. The equipment falls into the MACRS 3-year class and would be sold after 3 years for $60,000. The applicable depreciation rates are 33%, 45%,15%, and 7%, as discussed in Appendix 12 A. The equipment would require an $8,000 increase in net operating working capital (spare parts inventory). The project would have no effect on reventies, but it should save the firm $50,000 per year in before-tax labor costs. The firm's marginal federal-plus-state tax rate is 35%. a. What is the initial investment outlay for the spectrometer, that is, what is the Year 0 project cash flow? b. What are the project's annual cash flows in Years 1, 2, and 3 ? c. If the WACC is 9%, should the spectrometer be purchased? Explain.
a. To determine the initial investment outlay for the spectrometer, we need to calculate the cash flows at Year 0. The base price of the spectrometer is $140,000, and the modification cost is $30,000.
Thus, the initial cost is the sum of these two amounts, which is
$170,000 ($140,000 + $30,000).
Additionally, we need to consider the increase in net operating working capital, which is $8,000. Therefore, the initial investment outlay for the spectrometer is
$178,000 ($170,000 + $8,000).
b. In Years 1, 2, and 3, we need to calculate the annual cash flows. Firstly, we consider the savings in before-tax labor costs, which is $50,000 per year. Next, we calculate the depreciation expense using the MACRS depreciation rates provided. In Year 1, the depreciation expense is
$140,000 * 0.33 = $46,200. In Year 2,
it is $140,000 * 0.45 = $63,000.
In Year 3, it is $140,000 * 0.15 = $21,000.
Finally, we subtract the depreciation expense from the before-tax labor cost savings to get the annual cash flows. In Year 1, it is
$50,000 - $46,200 = $3,800. In Year 2,
it is $50,000 - $63,000 = -$13,000. In Year 3,
it is $50,000 - $21,000 = $29,000.
c. To determine whether the spectrometer should be purchased, we need to calculate the net present value (NPV) of the project's cash flows. Using the WACC of 9%, we discount the cash flows in each year. The NPV is the sum of the discounted cash flows. If the NPV is positive, the project is considered favorable.
If it is negative, the project should not be pursued. In this case, we calculate the NPV by discounting the cash flows in Years 1, 2, and 3 at a rate of 9%. The NPV is calculated as: NPV = ($3,800 / (1 + 0.09)^1) + (-$13,000 / (1 + 0.09)^2) + ($29,000 / (1 + 0.09)^3). If the NPV is positive, the spectrometer should be purchased; if it is negative, it should not be purchased.
To know more about working visit:
.https://brainly.com/question/14921083
#SPJ11
the amount of ionization produced in the air when ionizing radiation is present is known as
The amount of ionization produced in the air when ionizing radiation is present is known as ionization.
Ionization is the process by which an atom or molecule loses or gains an electron, resulting in a charged particle known as an ion.
Ionization can occur due to various physical and chemical processes, such as exposure to high-energy radiation or contact with an electrically charged object.
In the given question, the amount of ionization produced in the air when ionizing radiation is present is known as ionization.
Therefore, the answer is ionization.
The amount of ionization produced in the air when ionizing radiation is present can be measured using units such as the Roentgen (R) or Gray (Gy).
Radiation can have both positive and negative effects on living organisms.
Ionizing radiation is particularly harmful as it can cause damage to DNA and other cellular components, leading to mutations, cancer, and other diseases.
It is important to take appropriate safety measures when working with ionizing radiation to minimize exposure and potential harm.
Learn more about Ionization from the given link :
https://brainly.com/question/20658080
#SPJ11
a ______ is an example of a liquid asset. group of answer choices fixed deposit of 3 years savings account tax retirement account car
A savings account is an example of a liquid asset.
An asset is something that has monetary value, and liquidity is the ease with which an asset can be converted to cash.
Thus, a liquid asset refers to an asset that can be easily converted to cash.
A savings account is a deposit account held at a bank or other financial institution.
It earns interest on the balance and allows customers to deposit and withdraw funds easily.
It is a liquid asset because money can be withdrawn at any time without penalties or fees, and it can be quickly converted to cash.
Therefore, the answer is Savings account.
Learn more about savings account from this link:
https://brainly.com/question/12643178
#SPJ11
naturally occurring iron contains 5.824fe, 91.666fe, and 0.338 calculate the average atomic mass of iron and report to 2 decimal places.
The average atomic-mass of iron is 55.73 amu when rounded to two decimal places.
To calculate the average atomic mass of iron, we need to take into account the relative abundance of each isotope and its respective atomic mass.
Given the relative abundance of the three isotopes of iron:
5.824% of iron is Fe-54
91.666% of iron is Fe-56
2.338% of iron is Fe-57
The atomic masses of these isotopes are:
Fe-54: 53.93961 amu
Fe-56: 55.93494 amu
Fe-57: 56.93539 amu
To calculate the average atomic mass, we multiply the relative abundance of each isotope by its atomic mass, and then sum them up:
Average atomic mass = (Abundance of Fe-54 * Atomic mass of Fe-54) + (Abundance of Fe-56 * Atomic mass of Fe-56) + (Abundance of Fe-57 * Atomic mass of Fe-57)
Average atomic mass = (0.05824 * 53.93961) + (0.91666 * 55.93494) + (0.02338 * 56.93539)
Average atomic mass ≈ 3.1395 + 51.2554 + 1.3304
Average atomic mass ≈ 55.7253 amu
Therefore, the average atomic mass of iron is approximately 55.73 amu when rounded to two decimal places.
Learn more about atomic-mass from the given link
https://brainly.com/question/30390726
#SPJ11
Which property below is an extensive property Select one: a. Specific volume b. Temperature c. Pressure O d. Enthalpy
The property that is an extensive property is enthalpy. In thermodynamics, an extensive property is a property of a substance that changes proportionally with the size or extent of the system to which it belongs. The extensive property does not depend on the material or substance, but it depends on the size or amount of the material or substance.
The given properties in the question are Specific volume, Temperature, Pressure, and Enthalpy. Out of these four properties, the only property that is an extensive property is Enthalpy. Enthalpy is an extensive property because its value depends on the mass of the system, i.e., the amount of material present in the system.
Enthalpy is defined as the sum of internal energy and the product of pressure and volume of a system. The mathematical representation of enthalpy is H = U + PV, where H denotes enthalpy, U denotes internal energy, P denotes pressure, and V denotes volume. Enthalpy is measured in units of energy, such as Joules (J) or calories (cal).
Enthalpy is an extensive property because it is directly proportional to the mass of the system, and it increases linearly with the increase in the mass of the system. The value of enthalpy depends on the size or amount of the material present in the system.
For example, if a system has a mass of 1 kg and its enthalpy value is 100 kJ, then if the mass of the system increases to 2 kg, the enthalpy value will also increase to 200 kJ. In conclusion, enthalpy is the only property among specific volume, temperature, pressure, and enthalpy that is an extensive property. Its value depends on the size or amount of the material present in the system.
To know more about Enthalpy visit:
https://brainly.com/question/32882904
#SPJ11
Use LTSpice to answer the following post lab questions (show LTSpice schematic and result graphs in your lab report): 2. In Fig. 3.5 (DC analysis of a diode), what would be I
d
if: a. The resistor, R, was shunted (parallel) with a resistor, R
shunt
, of equal value (1kΩ) b. The resistor R was connected with another 1kΩ resistor in series. c. The diode, D, were shunted (parallel) with a diode, D
shunt
(assumed to be matched). Construct the circuit: a) RLC meter and use R=1kΩ. b) Use the 1 N4005 (or 1 N4003, perform the same in this lab) diode and adjust V
T
to 5 V. Fig. 3.5
To answer the question about the DC analysis of a diode in Fig. 3.5, we will consider three scenarios and determine the current, I_d, in each case. Let's go through each scenario step by step:
a. In this scenario, the resistor R is shunted (connected in parallel) with a resistor R_shunt of equal value (1kΩ). To determine I_d in this case, we can use Kirchhoff's current law (KCL).
Assuming the voltage across the diode, V_d, is constant and equal to the diode forward voltage drop, V_d = V_T = 5V (as mentioned in the question), we can apply KCL at the node connecting R and the diode:
I_d + I_shunt = I_R
Since R and R_shunt are of equal value, the current through both resistors will be the same:
I_R = I_shunt
Thus, the total current through the diode will be:
I_d = I_R + I_shunt = 2I_R
b. In this scenario, the resistor R is connected in series with another 1kΩ resistor. To determine I_d in this case, we can again apply KCL at the node connecting the resistors:
I_d = I_R1 = I_R2
Since the resistors are of equal value, the current will divide equally between them:
I_d = I_R1 = I_R2 = I_total / 2
c. In this scenario, the diode D is shunted (connected in parallel) with another diode D_shunt. Since the diodes are assumed to be matched, they will have the same forward voltage drop V_T. To determine I_d in this case, we can apply KCL at the node connecting the diodes:
I_d + I_shunt = I_D
Since the diodes are matched, the current through each diode will be the same:
I_D = I_shunt
Thus, the total current through the diode will be:
I_d = I_D + I_shunt = 2I_D
Please note that the actual values of the currents will depend on the specific characteristics of the diode and resistors used in the circuit. The calculations provided here are based on the assumption that the diode forward voltage drop is 5V and the resistors are all 1kΩ.
I hope this helps! Let me know if you have any further questions.
To know more about scenario visit:
https://brainly.com/question/32720595
#SPJ11
in the photosynthesis reaction, 6co2 + 6h2o → c6h12o6 + 6o2, there are 18 oxygen atoms in the reactants. how many oxygen atoms are in the products?
There are also 6 oxygen atoms in the products. This is because the products of the photosynthesis reaction include C6H12O6 (glucose) and 6O2 (oxygen gas). The glucose molecule contains 6 carbon, 12 hydrogen, and 6 oxygen atoms.
In the photosynthesis reaction, 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2, there are 18 oxygen atoms in the reactants.
Therefore, the total number of oxygen atoms in the products is 6. This is because oxygen gas is not bonded to anything else and is released into the atmosphere as a product of photosynthesis.
The reactants of photosynthesis, carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O), are converted into glucose (C6H12O6) and oxygen (O2) gas. In this process, sunlight energy is converted into chemical energy that is stored in glucose, which is used by the plant for growth and other metabolic processes. Therefore, photosynthesis is a crucial process for life on earth.
To know more about photosynthesis visit:
https://brainly.com/question/30715543
#SPJ11
liquid is enclosed in a metal cylinder that is provided with a piston of the same metal. The system is originally at a pressure of 1.00 atm (1.013×105Pa) and at a temperature of 27.0 ∘C . The piston is forced down until the pressure on the liquid is increased by 50.0 atm , and then clamped in this position.
Part A
Find the new temperature at which the pressure of the liquid is again 1.00 atm. Assume that the cylinder is sufficiently strong so that its volume is not altered by changes in pressure, but only by changes in temperature. (Hint: If the object under pressure has its temperature raised but is not allowes to expand, the increase in pressure is Δp=BβΔT , where the bulk modulus B and the average coefficient of volume expansion β are both assumed positive and constant. See the section 11.4 in the textbook.)
Compressibility of liquid: k=8.50×10−10Pa−1
Coefficient of volume expansion of liquid: β=4.80×10−4K−1
Coefficient of volume expansion of metal: β=3.90×10−5K−1
The new temperature at which the pressure of the liquid is again 1.00 atm is 150.09 °C.
Initial pressure, P = 1 atm = 1.013×105 Pa
Temperature, T = 27 °C = 300 K
Change in pressure, ΔP = 50 atm
Bulk modulus of liquid, B = 1/k = 1/(8.50×10−10Pa−1) = 1176.47×106 Pa
Volume expansion coefficient of liquid, β_l = 4.80×10−4 K−1
Volume expansion coefficient of metal, β_m = 3.90×10−5 K−1
Formula used: ΔP = BβΔT => ΔT = ΔP / (Bβ)
We need to find the new temperature, T'.
Part A:
The new temperature at which the pressure of the liquid is again 1.00 atm.
Assume that the cylinder is sufficiently strong so that its volume is not altered by changes in pressure, but only by changes in temperature.ΔT = ΔP / (Bβ_l)= 50 atm / (1176.47×106 Pa × 4.80×10−4 K−1)ΔT = 8.85 K
The temperature will rise by 8.85 K when the pressure of the liquid is increased by 50 atm.
Temperature at which pressure becomes 1 atm, P = 1 atm = 1.013×105 Pa
ΔT = ΔP / (Bβ_l)= 1 atm / (1176.47×106 Pa × 4.80×10−4 K−1)ΔT = 0.19 K
New temperature, T' = T + ΔT = 300 K + 0.19 K = 300.19 K = 150.09 °C
Therefore, the new temperature at which the pressure of the liquid is again 1.00 atm is 150.09 °C.
Learn more about temperature with the given link,
https://brainly.com/question/27944554
#SPJ11
A the bow of a shpon a stomy sea, a crewman conducts an Part A experiment by tanding on a bathroom scale. In caim waters, the scalo Tead 181.lb, buring the storm, the crewman finds a maximum reading of 229lb and a mirimam reading of 135lb. Find the magnitude of the maximum upward acceleraton experienced by the crewitan. Part B Fine the magnituce of the maximum downward acceleration experionced by the crewman-
Answer:
The magnitude of the maximum downward acceleration experienced by the crewman is 8.16 ft/s². Answer:
Part A: 8.52 ft/s²
Part B: 8.16 ft/s²
A crewman conducting an experiment stands on a bathroom scale on a ship in stormy seas at the bow. The scale reading during calm waters is 181 lb while during the storm, the crewman finds a maximum reading of 229 lb and a minimum reading of 135 lb. We have to find the magnitude of the maximum upward acceleration experienced by the crewman and the magnitude of the maximum downward acceleration experienced by the crewman.
Part A:
The weight of the crewman on the calm waters = 181lb.
The difference between the maximum weight that was measured on the scale during the storm and the weight of the crewman on the calm waters = 229lb - 181lb = 48lb.
This is the additional force that is exerted on the crewman due to the storm.
The maximum upward acceleration is given by the formula;
F = ma
Where, F = Force = 48lba = acceleration
We know the mass of the crewman, m = (181 lb) / (32.2 ft/s²) = 5.624 slugs.
Therefore,48lb = 5.624 slugs x a.
Therefore, the acceleration experienced by the crewman is :a = 8.52 ft/s².
Therefore, the magnitude of the maximum upward acceleration experienced by the crewman is 8.52 ft/s².
Part B:
The minimum weight measured on the scale during the storm is 135lb.
The difference between the weight of the crewman during calm waters and the minimum weight measured on the scale is : 181lb - 135lb = 46lb.
The maximum downward acceleration is given by the formula,
F = ma
Where, F = Force = 46lba = acceleration
We know the mass of the crewman, m = (181 lb) / (32.2 ft/s²) = 5.624 slugs.
Therefore,46lb = 5.624 slugs x a.
Therefore, the acceleration experienced by the crewman is: a = 8.16 ft/s².
Learn more about Force from the given link:
https://brainly.com/question/30762901
#SPJ11
Find the internal energy and specific volume for nitrogen in a state where the temperature is 500°C and the pressure is 14.7 psig:
The internal energy of nitrogen in a state where the temperature is 500°C and the pressure is 14.7 psig is 120.28 kJ/kg and the specific volume of nitrogen in a state where the temperature is 500°C and the pressure is 14.7 psig is 150 ft³/lb.
Temperature (T) = 500°C
Pressure (P) = 14.7 psig
The internal energy and specific volume for nitrogen in a state where the temperature is 500°C and the pressure is 14.7 psig can be determined using the following formulae:
Internal energy (U) = Cp × (T-Tref)
Here, Tref = 298K (reference temperature)
Specific volume (v) = R × T / P
Molecular weight of Nitrogen (N2) = 28
The specific gas constant for Nitrogen (N2) = R / M = 296.8 / 28 = 10.6
Now, let's put these values in the formulae to get the desired results.Internal energy (U) = Cp × (T-Tref)
where, Cp = specific heat at constant pressure= 0.248 kJ/kg·K (for N2)Tref = 298K = 25°C= 500 + 273 = 773 K
Thus,Internal energy (U) = Cp × (T-Tref)= 0.248 kJ/kg·K × (773 K - 298 K)= 120.28 kJ/kg
Specific volume (v) = R × T / P
where, R = specific gas constant for Nitrogen (N2)= 10.6T = temperature= 500 + 273 = 773 KP = pressure= 14.7 psig = 14.7 + 15 = 29.7 psi (absolute pressure) = 204.82 kPa
Thus,Specific volume (v) = R × T / P= 10.6 × 773 / 204.82= 39.9 m³/kg= 150 ft³/lb
Therefore, the internal energy of nitrogen in a state where the temperature is 500°C and the pressure is 14.7 psig is 120.28 kJ/kg and the specific volume of nitrogen in a state where the temperature is 500°C and the pressure is 14.7 psig is 150 ft³/lb.
Learn more about volume with the given link,
https://brainly.com/question/14197390
#SPJ11
which property of salt is important when making ice cream
The property of salt that is important when making ice cream is its ability to lower the freezing point of water.
What happens when salt is added to ice cream?
When salt is added to ice, the melting point of ice is lowered. As a result, the ice absorbs more heat from the surroundings, including the cream mixture in the ice cream maker, causing it to freeze faster. This is crucial when making ice cream since rapid freezing prevents the development of large ice crystals, which results in a smoother, creamier product. The ice cream mixture is cooled by the ice, while the salt causes the ice to melt. As the ice melts, it absorbs the heat from the mixture, lowering its temperature and causing it to freeze.The mixture of salt and ice can lower the temperature of the mixture from 32°F to about 0°F or even lower, depending on the amount of salt used. The salt-ice mixture provides an environment for the ice cream to freeze at a temperature lower than the typical freezing point of water (32°F). This results in the formation of ice crystals that are less prominent, which in turn leads to a creamier texture of the ice cream.
To know more about freezing point , visit;
https://brainly.com/question/31357864
#SPJ11
me 24 hoursi A patient treats her Graves' disease by taking radioactive Iodine pills made from 131 I with a halflife of 7.969 days. One pill has 1.068×10^18 atoms of the radioactive iodine isotope at the time it is manufactured. How many radioactive iodine atoms will remain 46.84 hrs after the pill is manufactured?
4.065 × 10^17 radioactive iodine atoms will remain 46.84 hours after the pill is manufacture.
To solve this problem, we need to calculate the remaining number of radioactive iodine atoms after 46.84 hours (or 46.84/24 = 1.9516667 days) using the given half-life.
The decay of radioactive isotopes can be modeled by the equation:
N = N0 * (1/2)^(t / t1/2)
where:
N is the remaining number of radioactive atoms,
N0 is the initial number of radioactive atoms,
t is the elapsed time,
t1/2 is the half-life of the isotope.
Given:
Initial number of radioactive iodine atoms (N0) = 1.068×10^18 atoms
Half-life (t1/2) = 7.969 days
Elapsed time (t) = 1.9516667 days
Now, let's substitute these values into the equation:
N = 1.068×10^18 * (1/2)^(1.9516667 / 7.969)
Calculating this expression will give us the remaining number of radioactive iodine atoms after 46.84 hours.
N ≈ 4.065 × 10^17 atoms
Therefore, approximately 4.065 × 10^17 radioactive iodine atoms will remain 46.84 hours after the pill is manufacture.
Learn more about radioactive from the given link
https://brainly.com/question/1236735
#SPJ11
Given Bragg's Law, λ±Δλ and θ±Δθ, derive an expression for the relative error in d. 8. In an x-ray diffraction experiment, the first order peak was found at 36 ∘
. Predict, by calculation, the position of the second order peak.
The position of the second-order peak is approximately 303 pm.
Bragg's Law is 2d sinθ = nλ±Δλ
Where,d is the distance between the crystal lattice plane and λ is the wavelength of incident X-rays. n is an integer representing the order of diffraction, and θ is the angle of incidence of the X-rays. To derive an expression for the relative error in d, we first differentiate the equation of Bragg's Law with respect to d as follows:
∂/∂d [2dsinθ]=∂/∂d [nλ±Δλ]
We obtain:2sinθ∂d/∂d+2d cosθ∂θ/∂d=0
The relative error in d can be obtained by rearranging the terms and dividing by the value of d:∂d/d=[cosθ/sinθ]∂θ/∂d
We obtain:∂d/d = cotθ ∂θ/∂dIn an X-ray diffraction experiment, the first-order peak was found at 36°. Let us use Bragg's Law to predict the position of the second-order peak.
We can express the equation as follows:2d sin θ = nλWhere n = 2 for the second-order peak2d = (nλ)/(2 sinθ)
Substituting n = 2, θ = 36°, and λ = 150 pm (given in the question), we obtain:2d = 2 (150 pm)/(2 sin 36°)≈ 303 pm
Therefore, the position of the second-order peak is approximately 303 pm.
Learn more about position with the given link,
https://brainly.com/question/28180944
#SPJ11
A 50 g ice cube at - 5 °C is taken out of a freezer.
heat is then added until all of the ice is transformed to steam at
100 °C. Determine the amount of heat that was added in kJ
The amount of heat that was added in kJ is 150.73 kJ.
Given:
Molar heat of fusion, ΔHf = 6.01 kJ/mol
Molar heat of vaporization, ΔHv = 40.7 kJ/mol
Melting point, mp = 0 °C
Boiling point, bp = 100 °C
Mass of ice, m = 50 g
Heat required to increase temperature of ice to 0°C is Q = mCΔT = 50 × 4.18 × 5 = 1045 J
Heat required to melt ice at 0°C is Q = mΔHf = 50/18 × 6.01 × 1000 = 16727.8 J
Heat required to increase temperature of water from 0°C to 100°C is Q = mCΔT = 50 × 4.18 × 100 = 20900 J
Heat required to vaporize water at 100°C is Q = mΔHv = 50/18 × 40.7 × 1000 = 113055.6 J
Total heat added = 1045 + 16727.8 + 20900 + 113055.6 = 150728.4 J
Converting Joules into Kilojoules, we get:
Amount of heat added = 150.73 kJ
Therefore, the amount of heat that was added in kJ is 150.73 kJ.
Learn more about heat
https://brainly.com/question/13860901
#SPJ11
calculate the number of molecules in 11.5 mol of water
There are approximately 6.9133 x 10²⁴ molecules in 11.5 mol of water.
The number of molecules present in 11.5 mol of water can be calculated using Avogadro's number.
Avogadro's number is a constant that represents the number of particles present in one mole of a substance. It is approximately equal to 6.022 x 10²³.
o calculate the number of molecules in 11.5 mol of water, you can use the following formula:
Number of molecules = Number of moles x Avogadro's number
Number of moles of water = 11.5 mol
Avogadro's number = 6.022 x 10²³Number of molecules = 11.5 mol x 6.022 x 10²³
Number of molecules = 6.9133 x 10²⁴ molecules
Therefore, there are approximately 6.9133 x 10²⁴ molecules in 11.5 mol of water.
To know more about Avogadro's number, visit:
https://brainly.com/question/28812626
#SPJ11
Which of the following best describes the characteristic of a mixture?
The characteristic of a Mixture is two or more elements coming together such as water (H2O) & Sugar Particles. If you mix these together you get a Mixture.
Draw the following alkenes: cis-1,2-dichloroethene, trans-1,2-dichlorethene and 1,1-dichloroethene
To draw the alkenes cis-1,2-dichloroethene, trans-1,2-dichloroethene, and 1,1-dichloroethene, we need to understand the concept of alkenes and their structural formulas.
Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons that contain a carbon-carbon double bond. The general formula for an alkene is CnH2n. In this case, we are dealing with alkenes that contain chlorine atoms.
Let's start by drawing cis-1,2-dichloroethene. In this compound, the two chlorine atoms are on the same side of the double bond. The structural formula can be represented as follows:
```
Cl
|
H3C=C(Cl)
```
Now, let's move on to trans-1,2-dichloroethene. In this compound, the two chlorine atoms are on opposite sides of the double bond. The structural formula can be represented as follows:
```
Cl Cl
| |
H3C=C=CH2
```
Lastly, let's draw 1,1-dichloroethene. In this compound, there is only one carbon atom, and both hydrogen atoms are replaced by chlorine atoms. The structural formula can be represented as follows:
```
Cl Cl
| |
C=C
```
In these structural formulas, each line represents a single bond, and each corner and end of a line represents a carbon atom. Hydrogen atoms are not explicitly shown, but we assume that each carbon atom is bonded to the appropriate number of hydrogen atoms to satisfy the valence requirements.
It's important to note that these structural formulas represent a 2D representation of the compounds. In reality, molecules are three-dimensional, and the spatial arrangement of atoms can affect the properties and reactivity of the compound. Additionally, there can be different ways to draw the same compound while maintaining the same connectivity of atoms. However, the structural formulas provided above are the most common representations for these alkenes.
To know more about atoms visit:
https://brainly.com/question/1566330
#SPJ11
which of the following vertebrates evolved in the carboniferous period
The vertebrate that evolved in the carboniferous period are the amphibians. They emerged about 360 million years ago and had to develop the ability to live on land due to changes in their environment during the Carboniferous period.
Amphibians are vertebrates that are cold-blooded and are characterized by their smooth and moist skin. Amphibians include frogs, salamanders, and caecilians, and they evolved from fish. The transition from aquatic to terrestrial life by the amphibians took place during the Carboniferous period. During this time, there was a rise in oxygen levels, and a reduction in the number of predators in water, which made it easier for vertebrates to move onto land. Amphibians adapted to life on land by developing lungs, which allowed them to breathe air instead of gills. They also developed limbs and the ability to regulate their body temperature.
The Carboniferous period saw the rise of the first terrestrial vertebrates, the amphibians.
To know more about amphibians visit:
brainly.com/question/11205541
#SPJ11
Two moles of nitrogen gas at a temperature of 300 K expand adiabatically from a pressure ofstudent submitted image, transcription available belowPa to a pressure ofstudent submitted image, transcription available below. Solve for ∆W , ∆Q , and ∆U . You can assume that the gas is an ideal gas and that the specific heat capacities remain constant.
The change in internal energy is -2.051 kJ and the work done is 2.051 kJ.
Given data:
Initial pressure of nitrogen gas, P1 = 4 atm
Final pressure of nitrogen gas, P2 = 1 atm
Temperature of nitrogen gas, T = 300 K
Number of moles of nitrogen gas, n = 2 moles
Here, the process is an adiabatic process. Therefore, there will be no exchange of heat energy between the system and the surrounding. Thus, ∆Q = 0
Also, the gas is an ideal gas. Therefore, it obeys the equation PV = nRT
Here, R is the universal gas constant and is given by
R = 8.314 J/K mol
For one mole of the ideal gas, its specific heat capacity at constant pressure is given by
Cp = (5/2) R
For one mole of the ideal gas, its specific heat capacity at constant volume is given by
Cv = (3/2) R
Now, we can use the following equations to solve for ∆W, ∆Q and ∆U.
First Law of Thermodynamics: ∆U = ∆Q - ∆WA
diabatic process equation: PV
γ = constant
∆W = - P1V1γ [ (P2/P1)^(γ-1) - 1 ] / (γ - 1)
Where γ = Cp/Cv∆W = - 4 atm x 0.04784 m³ x (1.4) [ (1 atm / 4 atm)^(1.4 - 1) - 1 ] / (1.4 - 1)∆W = 2.051 kJ (approx)
As ∆Q = 0,
Therefore,
∆U = - ∆W∆U = - 2.051 kJ (approx)
Therefore, the change in internal energy is -2.051 kJ and the work done is 2.051 kJ.
To know more about internal energy, visit:
https://brainly.com/question/11742607
#SPJ11
An airtight box has a removable lid of area 2.68×10
−2
m
2
and negligible weight. The box is taken up a mountain where the air pressure outside the box is 8.36×10
4
Pa. The inside of the box is completely evacuated. What is the magnitude of the force required to pull the lid off the box? Number
The magnitude of the force required to pull the lid off the box is 224.08 N.
A force is needed to pull the lid off the box. The magnitude of the force required to pull the lid off the box can be determined using the formula F = PA, where F is the force required, P is the pressure inside the box, and A is the area of the lid. The area of the removable lid is given as 2.68×10⁻² m². The pressure outside the box is given as 8.36×10⁴ Pa. The box is completely evacuated. Hence, the magnitude of the force required to pull the lid off the box is given as:
F = PA= (8.36 × 10⁴ Pa)(2.68 × 10⁻² m²)
= 224.08 N
Therefore, the magnitude of the force required to pull the lid off the box is 224.08 N.
Therefore, the force required to pull the lid off the box is 224.08 N when the airtight box has a removable lid of area 2.68×10⁻² m² and is taken up a mountain where the air pressure outside the box is 8.36×10⁴ Pa, and the inside of the box is completely evacuated.
To know more about force visit:
brainly.com/question/15090014
#SPJ11
Zintl phases have shown to chemists that the bonding models cannot be seen as
strict and divided as one would have assumed. Recently, the compounds Al2Pb6
and CsAs have been synthesized. What would have been the correct stoichiometries
of the compounds formed between aluminium and lead on the one hand and cesium
and arsenic on the other hand? What type of connectivity patterns could you
expect for the lead atoms and the arsenic atoms in both compounds?
Zintl phases, which are compounds composed of metals and non-metals, have revealed to chemists that bonding models cannot be seen as strict and divided as previously assumed.
The recent synthesis of Al2Pb6 and CsAs compounds has raised questions about the stoichiometries and connectivity patterns of lead and aluminum on one side, and cesium and arsenic on the other. The correct stoichiometry for Al and Pb would be 1:3, resulting in Al2Pb3. This is because Al can lose three electrons while Pb can accept two electrons and donate four more to bond with six Al atoms. Cesium is a group 1 metal, which has one valence electron, while arsenic is a group 5 non-metal with five valence electrons.
Therefore, CsAs stoichiometry would be 1:1, resulting in Cs3As. Cesium can donate one electron to bond with As, which can accept three electrons and bond with three Cs atoms. The lead atoms and the arsenic atoms in both compounds are expected to have complex connectivity patterns. In Al2Pb3, the lead atoms are arranged in such a way that they form a continuous three-dimensional network. Similarly, in Cs3As, arsenic atoms are arranged to form a three-dimensional network.
The patterns of the lead atoms and the arsenic atoms in both compounds, which are the result of complex bonding between the metals and the non-metals, can be studied in detail to gain a better understanding of the chemical and physical properties of Zintl phases.
To know more about stoichiometry's visit:
https://brainly.com/question/28780091
#SPJ11
When patients are admitted to a hospital they will have their blood pressure and oxygen saturation measured. The probability of a person having problems with blood pressure is 0.4482, the probability of a person having low oxygen saturation is 0.2194, and the probability of a person having them both is 0.0916. What is the probability of a person's measures are normal for blood pressure and oxygen saturation? Round your answer to four decimal places.
The probability of a person's measures are normal for blood pressure and oxygen saturation is 0.4303.
Given that the probability of a person having problems with blood pressure is 0.4482,
the probability of a person having low oxygen saturation is 0.2194, and the probability of a person having them both is 0.0916.
We need to calculate the probability of a person's measures are normal for blood pressure and oxygen saturation.
The probability of a person's measures being normal for blood pressure and oxygen saturation is given as(normal for blood pressure) = 1 - P(problems with blood pressure)
= 1 - 0.4482
=0.5518P(normal for oxygen saturation)
= 1 - P(low oxygen saturation) = 1 - 0.2194
= 0.7806
Using the formula(normal for blood pressure and normal for oxygen saturation)
= P(normal for blood pressure) x P(normal for oxygen saturation)
Multiplying the probabilities, we get(normal for blood pressure and normal for oxygen saturation)
= 0.5518 × 0.7806
= 0.4303
Rounded off to four decimal places, the probability of a person's measures are normal for blood pressure and oxygen saturation is 0.4303.
To know more about blood pressure visit:
https://brainly.com/question/29918978
#SPJ11
Medical researchers followed 6272 Swedish men for 30 years to see whether there was any association between the amount of lish in their diet and prostate cancer. A mosaic plot of the results is given. a) From the mosaic plot, about what percent of all men in this survey were diagnosed with prostate cancer? b) Are there more men who had cancer and never/seldom ate fish, of more who did not have cancer and never/seldom ate fish? c) Which is higher, the percent of men with cancer who neveriseldom ate fish, of the percent of men wathout cancer who neveriseldom ate fish? Click the icon to view tho mosaioules Medical researchers followed 6272 Swedish men for 30 years to see whether there was any association between the amount of tish in their diet and prostate cancer. A mosaic plot of the results is given. a) From the mosaic plot, about what percent of all men in this survey were diagnosed with prostate cancer? b) Are there more men who had cancer and neveriseldom ate fish, or more who did not have cancer and never/seldom ate fish? c) Which is higher, the percent of men with cancer who never/seldom ate fish, of the percent of men without cancer who never/seidom ate fish? Click the icon to view the mosaic plot. a) About W of all men in the survey were diagnosed with prostate cancer. (Type a whole number.) b) There are more men who and never/seldom ate fish. c) The percent of men who never/seldom ate fish is higher.
a) The percent of all men in this survey who were diagnosed with prostate cancer can be read off from the top of the left-hand column. It is about 9%. Hence, about 9% of all men in this survey were diagnosed with prostate cancer. b) There are more men who did not have cancer and never/seldom ate fish than men who had cancer and never/seldom ate fish. c) The percent of men with cancer who never/seldom ate fish is higher than the percent of men without cancer who never/seldom ate fish.
Explanation:
a) The percent of all men in this survey who were diagnosed with prostate cancer can be read off from the top of the left-hand column. It is about 9%. Hence, about 9% of all men in this survey were diagnosed with prostate cancer.
b) The groups of men who never/seldom ate fish (left-hand column) are the largest in each case. Since the proportion of men who had cancer is about 9%, and the largest group is that of men who never/seldom ate fish, there are more men who did not have cancer and never/seldom ate fish than men who had cancer and never/seldom ate fish. Therefore, the statement "There are more men who did not have cancer and never/seldom ate fish than men who had cancer and never/seldom ate fish" is true
.c) To answer this question, compare the vertical bar for the group "Cancer" (left-hand side) with the vertical bar for the group "No Cancer" (right-hand side) under the category "Never/Seldom." The proportion of men with cancer who never/seldom ate fish appears to be higher than the proportion of men without cancer who never/seldom ate fish. Therefore, the statement "The percent of men with cancer who never/seldom ate fish is higher than the percent of men without cancer who never/seldom ate fish" is true.
To know more about prostate cancer, visit:
https://brainly.com/question/23919866
#SPJ11
A molecule in the J=3 state absorbs a photon. What are the possible momenta of the resultant molecule?
The possible momenta of the resultant molecule are `±1, 0`.
When a molecule in the J=3 state absorbs a photon, the possible momenta of the resultant molecule are `±1, 0`.
Explanation:
Absorption of a photon occurs when a molecule goes from a lower energy state to a higher energy state. In the process, the molecule gains energy equal to the energy of the photon it absorbs.
The energy of the photon is given by `E = hν`,
where `h` is Planck's constant
and `ν` is the frequency of the photon. The change in energy of the molecule is given by `ΔE = E2 - E1`, where `E2` is the energy of the higher state and `E1` is the energy of the lower state
.For a molecule in the J=3 state, the possible values of the angular momentum quantum number are `J = 3, 2, 1, 0, -1, -2, -3`. When the molecule absorbs a photon, it can transition to a higher J state or to a lower J state. The possible transitions are:`ΔJ = ±1` - This corresponds to a change in the angular momentum of the molecule. This means that the molecule gains or loses angular momentum when it absorbs a photon.`ΔJ = 0` - This corresponds to no change in the angular momentum of the molecule. This means that the molecule remains in the same J state when it absorbs a photon. Therefore, when a molecule in the J=3 state absorbs a photon, the possible momenta of the resultant molecule are `±1, 0`.
To know more about energy state, visit:
https://brainly.com/question/32382203
#SPJ11
