In your biology career, you may come across people attempting to use the Second Law of Thermodynamics to discredit the idea of evolution. Their argument goes something like this: The theory of evolution says that life evolved from smaller inorganic molecules to larger organic molecules to simple one-celled organisms to more complex multicellular organisms, moving towards more complexity and organization. But the Second Law of Thermodynamics says that entropy always increases, with everything moving towards increasing disorder. Therefore, if the Second Law is correct, then evolution is impossible. How would you respond to this argument

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

Evolutionary ideas do not contradict the thermodynamic laws, these ideas explain how descent with modification enables the organisms to have enhanced metabolic responses to fight against entropy

Explanation:

Organisms fight against entropy to maintain order within their cells and thus continue life. The debate about the association between the Second Law of Thermodynamics and evolutionary ideas emerged in 1900. During this period, it has been proposed that both ideas were contradictory, since evolution decreases entropy, while the second law states that systems increase entropy over time. However, the evolution does not contradict this law, because evolutionary ideas indicate the mode by which the organisms evolve to fight against entropy (for example, by enhancing enzymes responsible for protein degradation), while the Second Law of Thermodynamics literally states that the total amount of entropy of the whole system increases over time.


Related Questions

Where is the urinary system in the human body

Answers

This triangle-shaped, hollow organ is located in the lower abdomen. It is held in place by ligaments that are attached to other organs and the pelvic bones. The bladder's walls relax and expand to store urine, and contract and flatten to empty urine through the urethra.

Which of the following is true of the Celsius scale A.) 212° is the boiling point of water b.) 0° is absolute zero c.) 0 degrees is the freezing point of water or D .) 32° is the freezing point of water

Answers

Answer:

The correct answer is C., or ¨0 degrees is the freezing point of water¨.

0 degrees is the freezing point of water is true about the Celsius Scale. Therefore, option (C) is correct.

Water freezes at "zero degrees" on the Celsius scale. Under ordinary climatic conditions, water's freezing point is 0 degrees Celsius and its boiling point is 100 degrees Celsius. Many countries use this scale to measure temperature.

However, the Fahrenheit scale, used mostly in the US, has different freezing and boiling points for water. Water freezes at 32 degrees Fahrenheit and boils at 212. Therefore, option (C) 0 degrees is the freezing point of water is correct.

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How are the studies performed on rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) and the moss Pleurozium schreberi and the desert shrub Atriplex lentiformis similar? Both studies are coupled to enzymatic activity. Both studies support the concept that species operate within a narrow optimum temperature range. Both studies support the concept that species operate within a narrow optimum temperature range and are coupled to enzymatic activity. Both studies examine the effects of microclimates and studies support the concept that species operate within a narrow optimum temperature range. Both studies examine the effects of microclimates.

Answers

Answer:

Both studies support the concept that species operate within a narrow optimum temperature range and are coupled to enzymatic activity.

Explanation:

The studies shown in the question above started from the same concept to establish the scientific experiment and had the same objective related to the investigation as temperature changes in the environment where these organisms live influences the enzymatic activity and, therefore, the functioning of their organism, being able to including modifying the environment around them. In summary, we can say that the studies sought to support the concept that species operate within a narrow range of optimal temperature and are coupled with enzymatic activity.

Both photosynthesis and cellular respiration are part of the carbon cycle. Which statement best compares these two processes? Both release carbon dioxide as waste. Both provide organisms with usable energy. Both add bacteria to the soil. Both require fixation in order to convert molecules.

Answers

Answer:

Both provide organisms with usable energy.

Explanation:

Both photosynthesis and cellular respiration, a component of the carbon cycle provides an organism with usable energy.

Photosynthesis is the process whereby green plants manufacture their food using carbon dioxide and water using sunlight to produce energy rich glucose and oxygen gas as a by-product.

During cellular respiration is an oxygen driven aerobic process in which organisms breaks down glucose to produce energy rich ATP.

Both processes furnishes an organism with energy in the end. Although, photosynthesis is an energy building process, cellular respiration breaks down materials to liberate energy. This energy is used by both plants and animals for their living activities.

Therefore, photosynthesis and cellular respiration provides an organism with usable energy.

Answer:

The answer is B

Explanation:

which action causes breakers​

Answers

Answer:

C. Underwater earthquakes cause motion throughout ocean water.

Explanation:

took it on edge

Answer:

C

Explanation:

under water earthquacks cause movement, i mean.... it is shakeing the ocean like a cup of wter, and the floods are like it being spilled.

What is an example of a large carbohydrate molecule

Answers

Answer:

I think the large carbohydrate examples are cellulose, starch and glycogen. If am not mistaking.

Explanation:

Is composed such as glucose

• frogs and fishes can ____, ___
respond and move by
themselves.
(similarities between fish and frog)​

Answers

Answer:

swim

Explanation:

because frogs were born with no feets so it can swim even though frogs have feet

what are the two types of cell regulation

Answers

Answer:

Regulator Molecules of the Cell Cycle. In addition to the internally controlled checkpoints, there are two groups of intracellular molecules that regulate the cell cycle. These regulatory molecules either promote progress of the cell to the next phase (positive regulation) or halt the cycle (negative regulation).

Explanation:

Regulator Molecules of the Cell Cycle. In addition to the internally controlled checkpoints, there are two groups of intracellular molecules that regulate the cell cycle. These regulatory molecules either promote progress of the cell to the next phase (positive regulation) or halt the cycle (negative regulation).

Answer for number 7 please! 30 points! Actually 60 point! :)

Answers

Numbness and paralysis is caused when the nervous system has been impacted

Answer:

i need a better photo

Explanation:

Do you think water pollution has a greater effect on humans than air pollution?

Answers

Answer:

I think they are both as bad.

Explanation:

I say this because air pollution can cause water pollution but the same goes the other way around.

Answer:

No, air pollution is worse.

Explanation:

Whilst water pollution would kill s over time from dehydration, the air pollution would kill us first. Air is how we breathe and that would kill us before the water did. Over all, air pollution would kill us first.

A chemical reaction can be mathematically represented by showing the required amount of products and resulting reaction components using a chemical​

Answers

Answer:

Equation

Explanation:

the last word is Equation

Considering the definition of chemical reaction and chemical equation, A chemical reaction can be mathematically represented by showing the required amount of products and resulting reaction components using a chemical​ equation.

Chemical reaction

A chemical reaction consists of the formation of new substances (products) from others (reagents). In this process bonds of the reactants are broken and new ones are formed in the products.

In other words, a chemical reaction occurs when the substances participating in it are transformed into different ones. The mass of the participating substances is the same before and after the reaction, that is, it is conserved because only a rearrangement takes place between the atoms of the reactants, which break and form new bonds.

Chemical equation

Chemical reactions are represented by chemical equations. In them, the reactants are determined, the products are predicted, and the proportions of the substances that participate in the reaction are indicated.

Summary

A chemical reaction can be mathematically represented by showing the required amount of products and resulting reaction components using a chemical​ equation.

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How could the number of cells affect absorption?

Answers

they could help absorption's by telling if your healthy or not you need enough cells to live and a certain amount of numbers are probably just indeed the perfect acruminoual.

Which of the following is a source of water pollution?

Answers

Answer:

all the above

Explanation:

all causes deaths in oceans and are not good for the water we drink and where the animal lives

Which treatment is commonly used to manage stress and anxiety that are related to a disorder?
O physical therapy
O insulin injections
meditation
O manipulation

Answers

Answer:

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is the most widely-used therapy for anxiety disorders. Research has shown it to be effective in the treatment of panic disorder, phobias, social anxiety disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder, among many other conditions.

The treatment that is commonly used to manage stress and anxiety that are related to a disorder is meditation, which is the third option. The mediation helps the person recover from the stressful situation.

What exactly is the mental disorder?

The mental disorder is linked to the person's personal experience; for example, if the person has had any negative experiences and is unable to cope with them, the person is more likely to enter the anxiety and depression stages. These types of mental disorders can harm a person physically too, as the nervous system does not work properly, and due to this neuronal imbalance, the digestive system, sleep cycle, and cardiac health will all be affected.

Meditation can be used as a form of therapy for the individual. Because in meditation, a person is told to practice concentration on mental health by many different methods, and eventually a person gets better with time.

Hence, The treatment that is commonly used to manage stress and anxiety that are related to a disorder is meditation, which is the third option.

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please answer me im giving you 50 points !!!

Answers

Answer:

A. Their atomic numbers increase by 1 from left to right

Explanation:

If you look on the periodic table, you will notice that the atomic numbers will increase from left to right. The elements are ordered from least to greatest number of protons.

pretty sure it’s D, they have the same atomic mass or orbitals

a series of organs responsible for taking in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide​

Answers

Answer:

Your answer is Respiratory System

Explanation:

Hope this helps you

Do mark me as brainliest

pls help me !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Answers

Answer:

Up and down are balanced cuz they are the same. However, left and right is unbalanced

Explanation:

I you notice up and down are equal numbers, so there's no effect, BUT, there are 0.5 more points to the left then right (1.0), so its going to the right.

Levels of Organization are important. Please give the level of organization of each structure
below.
1. Perimysium and Endomysium
2. Myofiber
3. Sarcolemma
4. Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
5. Myofibril
6. Thick and Thin Myofilaments
7. Calcium

Answers

5612374 in the order you put it in

The diagram shows an atom of a neutral element from the periodic table.

Answers

Answer:

Noble gases

Explanation:

18 the grop

the tallest mountain of earth are in mountain range, which is made by two continental plates converging

Answers

Answer: The Himalayas

Explanation: The Himalayas are the world's tallest mountains. They are forming as two continents collide. The Appalachian Mountains are the remnants of a larger mountain range.

The first known bird fossils date to which era of time.

Answers

Answer: Jurassic era

Explanation:

Hope this helps

When making bread, yeast, flour, sugar, and water are mixed together and set in a warm area to rise. A student cut the rising dough and discovered tiny
pockets of gas. This gas formation was causing the bread to rise. What gas molecule is most likely in the dough?
OA. lactic acid
OB. oxygen
OC carbon dioxide
OD alcohol

Answers

Answer:

Carbon Dioxide

Explanation:

I just know

The carbon dioxide is the gas molecule most likely in the dough. Thus, option C is correct.

What is Carbohydrates?

Carbohydrates is defined as biomolecule that contains carbon hydrogen and oxygen in a ratio of 2:1. Carbohydrates are mane source of energy of the body they work as fuel for the brain, kidneys central nervous system and heart muscle. [tex]Cn(H2O)n[/tex] is the basic formula for all carbohydrates . But this formula have limitation i.e it applies where same amount of carbon and water are use.

Basically, the terms carbohydrate was used to describe compounds that have really contains carbohydrates. Because they had simple formula [tex]CH20[/tex]. In modern Era carbohydrates are classified on the basis of their structure not on their formulae. Such as aldehydes and ketones are now known as polyhydroxy.

Therefore, the carbon dioxide is the gas molecule most likely in the dough. Thus, option C is correct.

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11. The random movement of particles like O2, CO2, or H2O across the membrane is called...________________.

Answers

Answer:

diffusion

Explanation:

these particles are in gases and so gases move from an area of high concentration (outside membrane) to an area of low concentration down a concentration gradient

Dolphins chasing and eating fish would be an example of what type of relationship?

Group of answer choices

Predation

Competition

Mutualism

Parasitism

Answers

Answer:

predation, because it is a predator and prey

Explanation:

Dolphins chasing and eating fish would be an example of a predation relationship. This is because dolphins are the predator of all such small fishes which are living simultaneously.

What do you mean by Predators?

Predators may be defined as the organisms that hunt or kill other organisms, particularly for food.

Predation is a type of interaction where one species is benefitted in the presence of another species, while the other species is harmed or lost in the presence of the first species.

Therefore, dolphins and other fishes show predation interaction.

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Which piece of evidence suggests that Africa and South America formed Gondwanaland 200 million years ago? coal fields a shared ocean folded mountains land formations created by glaciers

Answers

Answer:

C, Folded Mountains

Explanation:

your welcome

Answer:

folded mountains

Explanation:

What are the names of the two treatments that are nearing FDA approval (not quite approved just yet but are under priority review) for Zaire Ebola?
**include source**

Answers

Answer:

Regeneron and mAb114

Explanation:

The Ebola virus disease is a harmful viral hemorrhagic disease caused by ebolaviruses, which have a high risk of death (approximately 20% to 90%). In December 2019, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Ervebo, which is the first vaccine approved by the FDA with the aim to prevent the Ebola virus disease. Nowadays, there is no antiviral treatment approved by the FDA for patients with Ebola; however, there are two antiviral drug treatments named regeneron (REGN-EB3) and mAb114, which have shown good efficacy to treat the Evola virus. Currently, both antiviral drugs are being used in patients with Ebola.

Sam can see an organelle in a plant cell under the microscope that is green. Which organelle is it most likely?
A. vacuole
B. nucleus
C. cytoplasm
D. chloroplast

Answers

it is D chloroplast
Chloroplasts

Explanation: Chloroplasts is the green color that appears in plants during photosynthesis. It is called chlorophyll in some cases

S.
The reaction shown occurs in many organisms. This reaction would still occur, but at a much slower rate, in the
absence of
urcase
urea + water
carbon dioxide + ammonia
Α.
urea
В.
carbon dioxide
C.
urease
D. ammonia

Answers

Answer:

A. Urea

Explanation:

It because a soluble weakly basic nitrogenous compound.

Drag each item to indicate pros and cons of using the reverse osmosis method to filter water.

Answers

Answer:

Pros:

Requires minimal maintenance

Removes all types of contaminants to some extent

Con:

Lowers the pH of the water making it more acidic

Has limited or no flow rate due to small pore size

Explanation:

Took the test and I got  this was right.

Reverse osmosis is a purification technique for water which remove unwanted ions from water through the process of osmosis

What is reverse osmosis?

Reverse osmosis is a process of using osmosis to separate unwanted ions and sediments from water through a semi-permeable membrane.

The benefits of reverse osmosis include:

is very simple to set uprequires minimal maintenanceremoves most contaminants

The disadvantages of reverse osmosis include:

it is time consuming it lowers pH of water making it acidic

Therefore, reverse osmosis is a purification technique for water which remove unwanted ions from water through the process of osmosis.

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Explain the role that sponges have in the environment

Answers

Answer:

Sponges collect bacteria when they filter the water around them. ... They may also be able to turn ammonium from the sponge's breathing into nitrogen gas that is then released into the atmosphere. This process would lower excess nitrogen levels in coral reefs, also preventing harmful ecosystem changes.

Explanation:

Answer: sponges have a role in the environment because they suck up the water or liquid.

Explanation:

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