Discussion Topic: • Please design your own Purchasing and Supply Management for Bose Corporation. Please incorporate future trends to re-design Bose Corporation to be effective and socially responsible. Topics include but not limited to… ▫ Issues related to CSR ▫ Centralized vs. decentralized organization ▫ Scope of purchasing/supply management job function ▫ How to best utilize teams as part of org structure

The recommended sales compensation plan includes a combination of fixed salary, commissions, and bonuses. The plan differentiates compensation based on job roles and levels, with fixed earnings being a significant portion for Level 1 (Inside Sales), and a higher emphasis on variable pay for Level 2 (Territory Managers) and Level 3 (Regional Sales Managers and National Account Managers). Commissions should be based on absolute performance, as it directly correlates with individual sales achievements and incentivizes performance.

The sales compensation plan should include a mix of fixed salary, commissions, and bonuses to motivate and reward the sales team. For Level 1 (Inside Sales), where there are 4 individuals, a higher proportion of the compensation can be fixed earnings to provide stability and attract talented candidates.

For Level 2 (Territory Managers), with 10 individuals, a balanced combination of fixed salary and variable pay, such as commissions based on absolute performance, can drive results. Level 3 (Regional Sales Managers and National Account Managers) should have a higher emphasis on variable pay with a smaller fixed salary component to incentivize their strategic roles.

Using absolute commissions ensures that salespeople are rewarded based on their individual performance, directly tied to their sales achievements.

This approach motivates sales professionals to focus on meeting or exceeding their sales targets, resulting in increased productivity and revenue generation.

When preparing the budget based on a $100,000,000 sales target, the total expenses can be calculated by multiplying the number of individuals in each role by their respective fixed and variable pay components.

If the company exceeds the target by 20%, the budget would increase proportionately to account for the additional sales achieved. Conversely, if the company falls short of the target by 20%, the budget would decrease, aligning with the lower expected revenue.

To avoid potential challenges, the sales compensation plan should be designed with simplicity, clear goals, and transparency. It should avoid complexities that may confuse or demotivate salespeople. Capping sales compensation should be avoided to ensure top performers are duly rewarded, promoting healthy competition and motivation.

The plan should be structured to keep sales staff motivated by aligning their goals with long-term job outlooks, offering various types of compensation, and emphasizing the importance of career development and growth opportunities.

To ensure better staff retention, the plan should incorporate elements such as effective hiring and onboarding processes that align candidates' skills, personality, and industry choices with the organization's culture and sales objectives.

Long-term job outlooks and growth opportunities should be communicated to sales personnel. Motivation can be enhanced through training and development programs, performance management systems, and recognition programs that acknowledge and reward top performers.

To address the barrier of time management and enable salespeople to spend more time with clients, the sales compensation plan can incorporate various time management tools and techniques.

This can include working from prioritized activity lists, automating administrative tasks, creating templates for repetitive tasks, minimizing distractions, and encouraging focused work.

These measures help sales professionals better allocate their time, reduce stress and frustration, and enhance their efficiency and effectiveness in achieving their goals.

Learn more about earnings here:

https://brainly.com/question/30702029

#SPJ11

The geopolitical environment in Australia is influenced by various factors such as its geographical location, relationships with neighboring countries, and international alliances.

One contemporary geopolitical issue that has significantly impacted the business environment in Australia is the China-Australia trade relationship.

1. Trade disruptions: As diplomatic relations deteriorate, China has imposed trade restrictions on various Australian goods, including tariffs and import bans.

2. Supply chain disruptions: The trade tensions have also disrupted supply chains, causing delays and uncertainties for Australian businesses that rely on imported Chinese goods and components.

3. Investment concerns: The strained relationship has also impacted foreign direct investment from China into Australia.

4. Diversification efforts: The trade tensions have prompted Australia to seek diversification of its export markets and reduce its dependence on China.

The China-Australia trade relationship is a significant geopolitical issue that has substantially impacted the business environment in Australia.

To know more about geopolitical visit:

https://brainly.com/question/28523582

#SPJ11

The rebate expense and liability shown on the 2012 financial statements dated December 31 are $420,000 and $780,000 respectively.

Given,During 2012,6,000,000 packages of batteries were sold and $2 rebates were mailed to 210,000 customers. This represents 10% of the total customers who had mailed in the rebate forms.Now, rebate = $2 on each $6 package of batteries sold. So, the total expense on rebates will be

= (number of batteries sold * rebate)/ 3

= (6,000,000 * 2)/ 3= $4,000,000/3

= $1,333,333.33

Now, let’s calculate the rebate expense and liability. As per the given data, the rebate expense = 210,000 * $2 = $420,000The liability can be calculated as:

Rebate liability = 5,790,000 * 2/6

= 1,930,000

The rebate expense and liability shown on the 2012 financial statements dated December 31 are $420,000 and $780,000 respectively. Hence, the correct option is the first option, i.e., $420,000;$780,000.

The rebate expense and liability shown on the 2012 financial statements dated December 31 are $420,000 and $780,000 respectively.

To know more about liability visit:

brainly.com/question/14547279

#SPJ11

Yes, quality control charts indicate whether a production process is in control or out of control. Statistical process control (SPC) involves the utilization of control charts to track and monitor a process. It helps determine whether a process is in control or out of control.

SPC is used to detect whether a process is making goods and services within a specific range. In statistical quality control (SQC), control charts are used to provide a graphical representation of the data that shows the process's performance over time.

There are different types of control charts, and they are useful in different situations. The following are the four most common types of control charts: X-Bar and R Control ChartsX-bar and s Control Charts Individual/Moving Range Control ChartsP Chart and C Chart.

To know more about process visit:

https://brainly.com/question/31831376

#SPJ11

1. The issue in the article can be explained through "The Conflict Process" flow, which involves stages such as potential opposition or incompatibility, cognition and personalization, intentions, behavior, and outcomes.

2. Implementing a shared leadership model can address the conflict, enhance collaboration, and improve organizational outcomes.

What appropriate structure can be suggested as a solution to the problem?

In the case study titled "When Two Leaders on the Senior Team Hate Each Other," the issue of conflict between two leaders can be analyzed using "The Conflict Process" flow.

The potential opposition or incompatibility arises from the contrasting leadership styles, personalities, or conflicting goals of the leaders.

As the conflict escalates, cognition and personalization occur, where each leader develops negative perceptions and attributions about the other, leading to a breakdown in communication and collaboration.

Intentions are formed as the leaders decide on their course of action. In this case, the intentions may involve undermining or delegitimizing the other leader, creating tension and disruption within the senior team.

These intentions manifest in behavior, which includes passive-aggressive actions, lack of cooperation, and open hostility between the leaders.

To address this issue, an appropriate solution lies in reevaluating and restructuring the organization's leadership structure.

One possible approach is to create a shared leadership model where the responsibilities and decision-making authority are distributed among multiple leaders.

This structure promotes collaboration, shared accountability, and a focus on the organization's goals rather than individual rivalries.

By implementing a collaborative leadership structure, the organization can mitigate the negative effects of the conflict, enhance communication and cooperation, and foster a more harmonious and productive work environment.

This approach enables the leaders to leverage their complementary strengths and perspectives, promoting a sense of unity and alignment within the senior team.

Learn more about conflict management

brainly.com/question/1887414

#SPJ11

Three benefits of Unilus using project finance for this project1. Reduced Risk: Project finance reduces the risk that the institution takes on by using their own funds to finance the project.

By utilizing a debt-to-equity ratio, Unilus can manage and reduce their financial exposure to the project.2. Increased Control: By financing the entire equity of the project, Unilus will have more control over the building's operation, unlike if they were to partner with another institution.

3. Tax Exemption: The project is tax-exempt as per the agreement with the Zambian government. As a result, this will save Unilus money and enhance their profits. Three Challenges of Unilus using project finance for this project1. High-Interest Rates: The financing cost will have interest of about 15%. The high-interest rates will make the financing more expensive, leading to an increase in the project's total cost.

The seasonality occupancy is expected to be at 75% p.a. This may affect the returns on investment in the project, and it will reduce the number of students who occupy the hostels.Five Sources of Finance for Debt that Unilus can use in financing the Project1. Commercial Banks2. Bonds3. Leasing4. Asset-Backed Securities5. Government Institutions.

To know more about finance visit:

https://brainly.com/question/30502952

#SPJ11

The answer is True. Under the imprest system, the cashier has a fixed amount of money at the start of the period, known as a float. This money is used to pay for petty cash expenses.

At the end of the period, the float is replenished to its original amount. The imprest system is a system of controlling petty cash expenses. It works by having a fixed amount of money set aside for petty cash expenses. This amount is known as the float.

The float is used to pay for small expenses that are not worth writing a check for. At the end of the period, the float is replenished to its original amount.

The imprest system is a good way to control petty cash expenses because it helps to ensure that the money is used for its intended purpose. It also helps to prevent fraud, because the amount of money in the float is known and can be easily checked.

The float is always restored at the end of the period because it is used to pay for petty cash expenses. If the float is not restored, then the cashier will be short of money. This could lead to the cashier having to use their own money to pay for petty cash expenses, which could be a problem if they do not have enough money.

The imprest system is a simple and effective way to control petty cash expenses. It is a good system to use if you need to track small expenses.

Learn more about imprest system here; brainly.com/question/24110141

#SPJ11

Flogo Tint, being a mega national luxury brand with diverse business groups, is most likely to have adopted a divisional structure for its organizational structure. This structure allows for the effective management and coordination of multiple business groups, such as wine, designer clothing, perfumes, and cosmetics, by creating separate divisions or departments for each group.

A divisional structure is commonly employed by organizations that operate in multiple product lines or serve different markets. It allows for greater flexibility and specialization within each division, enabling them to focus on specific products or markets. In the case of Flogo Tint, with its wine, designer clothing, perfumes, and cosmetics business groups, a divisional structure would be well-suited to address the unique needs and demands of each group.

Each division within the organization would have its own set of functional departments, such as marketing, sales, operations, and finance, to support its specific business activities. This structure enables efficient decision-making and resource allocation within each division, while also providing centralized control and coordination at the corporate level.

By adopting a divisional structure, Flogo Tint can effectively manage and leverage the diverse nature of its business groups, ensuring dedicated attention to each product line and market segment. This structure promotes specialization, accountability, and the ability to respond swiftly to market dynamics within each division, contributing to the overall success of the luxury brand.

Learn more about product line

https://brainly.com/question/17272069

#SPJ11

Note the complete question:

Fiogo Tint, a luxury brand, is a mega national business, Its commercial activities are split into four business groups, namely wine. designer clothing, perfumes, and cosmetics. In the context of organizational structures, which of the following structures is Flogo Tint most likely to have adopted?

A hybrid structure

A task-oriented structure

A divisional structure

A functional structure

Gender stereotypes can have significant impacts on leadership perceptions and organizational goals.

First, gender stereotypes limit opportunities for women and minorities to hold leadership positions. People assume that men are better leaders, so women often get passed over for promotions. Second, stereotypes can impact how people perceive the effectiveness of leaders. Women, for example, are often seen as less competent than men, even when they perform at the same level. This can negatively affect how people respond to their leadership style.Third, gender stereotypes can limit organizational goals by creating a homogenous workforce. Companies that don't prioritize diversity and inclusion may struggle to attract a wide range of candidates.

This can prevent organizations from achieving goals like innovation and growth. Ultimately, gender stereotypes can limit potential and negatively impact organizations.

To know more about Gender Stereotype visit-

https://brainly.com/question/30913035

#SPJ11

True.

Scientific management, also known as Taylorism, was indeed found to be very useful in the automobile assembly lines and capital-intensive industries. This approach, developed by Frederick Winslow Taylor, aimed to optimize productivity and efficiency by applying scientific principles to work processes and tasks. In automobile assembly lines and capital-intensive industries, where standardized and repetitive tasks are prevalent, scientific management techniques such as time and motion studies, work simplification, and specialization helped streamline operations, increase productivity, and reduce costs. Therefore, the statement is true.

True.

Scientific management, developed by Frederick Winslow Taylor, aimed to improve efficiency in the workplace by applying scientific principles to work processes. It focused on identifying the most efficient methods of performing tasks, simplifying work processes, and optimizing worker productivity. Through techniques such as time and motion studies, standardization, and specialization, scientific management sought to eliminate wasteful practices and maximize efficiency.

Therefore, it can be concluded that scientific management is highly correlated with efficiency in the workplace, making the statement true.

Learn more about Taylorism,

https://brainly.com/question/15175732

#SPJ11

When we debit or credit accounts, it affects different items on the balance sheet. A credit or debit can increase or decrease these accounts.

The following is a chart that shows the impact of credits and debits on assets and liabilities: Account Type and Balance Impact of DebitsI mpact of Credits Normal Balance on Financial Statement CashIncrease DecreaseAsset Accounts ReceivableIncreaseDecreaseAssetInventoryIncreaseDecreaseAssetLandIncreaseDecreaseAssetBuildingsIncreaseDecreaseAssetEquipmentIncreaseDecreaseAssetAccumulated DepreciationIncrease DecreaseContra AssetAccounts Payable DecreaseIncrease LiabilityNotes PayableDecreaseIncrease LiabilityWages PayableDecreaseIncrease LiabilityInterest PayableDecreaseIncreaseLiabilityRent PayableDecreaseIncreaseLiabilityUnearned RevenueDecreaseIncreaseLiabilityRetained

EarningsDecreaseIncreaseEquityRevenueDecreaseIncreaseRevenueExpenseIncreaseDecreaseExpenseExplanation:The accounts included in the chart are assets, liabilities, and equity accounts. When a debit is made to an asset account, it results in an increase in the account, while a credit results in a decrease. The opposite occurs when a credit is made to a liability or equity account, resulting in an increase, and a debit decreases the account. As a result, the normal balance of an asset account is a debit, while the normal balance of a liability or equity account is a credit.

To know more about credit or debit can increase visit:

https://brainly.com/question/32150871

#SPJ11

As per the given question, Foods Galore is a major distributor to restaurants and other institutional food users. Foods Galore buys cereal from a manufacturer for $24 per case.

Annual demand for cereal is 215,000 cases.Cost of carrying inventory involves storage costs, insurance costs, the cost of capital, and the opportunity cost of money tied up in inventory.

The costs of holding inventory increase as the amount of inventory increases.According to the given information, the carrying cost is $5.60 per case per year.

Therefore, the cost of carrying the cereal for a year is $5.60 x 24 = $134.40.So, the total cost of cereal, including carrying costs per case, is $24 + $5.60 = $29.60.The annual total cost of the cereal = Total cost per case * Annual demand= $29.60 * 215,000 = $6,344,000.Foods Galore should order 27,499 cases of cereal from the manufacturer.

The number of cases can be calculated as:Order Quantity (Q) = √((2DS)/H)Where D = annual demandS = cost per orderH = carrying cost per unitQ = √((2 * 215,000 * 24)/5.6)Q = 27,499.66Since Foods Galore cannot order a fraction of a case, the company should order 27,499 cases of cereal from the manufacturer. This will minimize the cost of inventory, which is $452,928.

To know more about restaurants visit:

https://brainly.com/question/27316334

#SPJ11

To calculate the long run equilibrium in this perfectly competitive market, we need to determine the quantity and price at which the market supply and demand curves intersect. In the long run, all firms in a perfectly competitive market can freely enter or exit the industry, resulting in a situation where economic profits are driven to zero.

To find the long run equilibrium, we need to equate the market demand and supply curves. The market supply is determined by the individual firms' cost functions. In this case, the market supply is the sum of the individual farmers' quantities supplied. The cost function for each farmer is given by C(q) = 0.5q^2 + 10q + 18, where q represents the quantity produced by each farmer. To find the market supply curve, we need to sum up the individual farmers' quantities supplied. Since all farmers are identical, we can multiply the individual farmer's quantity supplied (q) by the number of farmers in the market (N). The market supply curve (S) is given by S = N * q, where q = MC - AVC. The market demand curve is given by Qd = 1400 - 50P, where Qd represents the quantity demanded and P represents the price. To find the equilibrium quantity, we need to set the market supply equal to the market demand: N * q = Qd. Substituting the expressions for the market supply and demand curves, we have N * (q + 10) = 1400 - 50P. To find the equilibrium price, we need to solve for P. Rearranging the equation, we get -50P = -10N - 1400 + Nq.

Simplifying further, we have P = (10/N) * (q - 140). Now, let's find the equilibrium quantity and price by substituting the expression for q in terms of P: q = MC - AVC. Substituting the expressions for MC and AVC, we have q = P - 10 - (0.5q + 10). Simplifying the equation, we get 1.5q = P - 20. Substituting P = (10/N) * (q - 140), we have 1.5q = [(10/N) * (q - 140)] - 20. Simplifying further, we get q = (2000/N) - 560. Now, we can substitute the value of q into the expression for P: P = (10/N) * (q - 140). Substituting q = (2000/N) - 560, we have P = (10/N) * (((2000/N) - 560) - 140).

Read more about equilibrium here;https://brainly.com/question/517289

#SPJ11

The statement "a speech describing a series of events in the development of a new idea calls for a spatial pattern of arrangement" is False.

A spatial pattern is a type of organization in which ideas are arranged in space. This is typically used when describing a physical location or when an object or idea is being described in detail, especially when it has a specific location or is arranged in a particular order. However, it is not suitable for describing a series of events in the development of a new idea as it does not follow any specific order or sequence.

A chronological pattern of arrangement would be more appropriate for such a speech. Therefore, the statement "a speech describing a series of events in the development of a new idea calls for a spatial pattern of arrangement" is False.

To know more about the development, visit:

https://brainly.com/question/32692632

#SPJ11

Here is a simple process flow diagram for the manufacturing process described: Now let's determine the process capacity for each operation. Sub-Assembly (SA-1): The rate of assembling completed components is given as 140 pieces per hour. Since the manufacturing process operates 8 hours per day, 5 days per week, the weekly capacity is: 140 pieces/hour * 8 hours/day * 5 days/week = 5,600 pieces/week.

Drilling Operation:

There are 6 drilling machines available, but only 3 are operating daily.

Each drilling machine can drill 50 pieces per hour.

The weekly capacity for drilling operation is: 50 pieces/hour * 3 machines * 8 hours/day * 5 days/week = 6,000 pieces/week.

Final Assembly: The rate of joining drilled Part C with the output of SA-1 is given as 160 finished components per hour.

The weekly capacity for final assembly is: 160 pieces/hour * 8 hours/day * 5 days/week = 6,400 pieces/week.

Therefore, the process capacity for each operation is as follows: Sub-Assembly (SA-1): 5,600 pieces/week

Drilling Operation: 6,000 pieces/week

Final Assembly: 6,400 pieces/week

learn more about capacity here

https://brainly.com/question/33826255

#SPJ11

The account that pays 13.5% every 18 months for three years is the preferred option.

The account that pays 13.5% every 18 months for three years is the preferred option. This choice offers a higher effective annual rate (EAR) compared to the other options. By earning 13.5% every 18 months, the compounding effect over the three-year period results in a higher overall return on investment. The longer compounding period allows for greater growth of the principal amount.

In contrast, the account that pays 9% per year (EAR) for three years falls short in terms of the potential return. While the 9% rate seems appealing at first, the shorter compounding periods of six months or monthly do not allow for the same level of growth. The compounding effect is less pronounced, resulting in a lower overall return on investment compared to the 13.5% option.

Furthermore, the account that pays 4.5% every six months for three years and the account that pays 0.9% per month for three years both have lower EARs than the 13.5% option. These options suffer from even shorter compounding periods, limiting the growth potential further.

In conclusion, when considering the different account options, the one that pays 13.5% every 18 months for three years offers the best opportunity for maximizing returns. The longer compounding period allows for more significant growth of the principal amount, leading to a higher effective annual rate of return.

Learn more about account

brainly.com/question/30977839

#SPJ11

Market research is a systematic process that involves gathering, analyzing, and interpreting data to understand customer requirements and preferences. It aims to identify the needs, wants, and expectations of the target market and translate them into attributes that can be understood and acted upon by different functional areas within an organization.

Through market research, organizations can gain valuable insights into customer behavior, market trends, and competitive dynamics. This information helps them make informed decisions about product development, pricing, promotion, and distribution strategies. By understanding customer requirements, organizations can align their operations, marketing efforts, and product offerings to meet those needs effectively.

Market research involves various techniques such as surveys, focus groups, interviews, and data analysis. It provides a deep understanding of customer preferences, satisfaction levels, and emerging trends. This knowledge allows businesses to tailor their products, services, and experiences to match customer expectations, resulting in improved customer satisfaction, loyalty, and ultimately, business success.

Overall, market research enables organizations to bridge the gap between customer needs and business operations by translating customer requirements into actionable insights for each functional area to deliver superior products and services.

learn more about Market research here

https://brainly.com/question/30651551

#SPJ11

The government's budget is considered balanced when the government's net tax revenue is equal to its spending. In this case, the question states that the government's net tax revenue is 9% of Y, where Y represents the level of income in the economy. The correct option is A) 5000.

To determine the level of income (Y) at which the government's budget is balanced, we need to compare the net tax revenue to government spending (G). The question states that G is equal to 450.

Given that the net tax revenue is 9% of Y, we can express this mathematically as 0.09Y.

For a balanced budget, the government's net tax revenue should be equal to its spending:

0.09Y = 450

To solve for Y, we divide both sides of the equation by 0.09:

Y = 450 / 0.09

Simplifying the equation, we have:

Y = 5000

Therefore, the government's budget is balanced when the level of income (Y) is equal to 5000. So, the correct option is A) 5000.

Learn more about the Tax revenue:

https://brainly.com/question/28015553

#SPJ11

It's important to consider factors such as cost, distance, nature of goods, and specific requirements when choosing the most suitable mode of transport for a particular situation. Remember, the optimal choice may vary depending on the circumstances.

Transportation is crucial for the movement of people, goods, and services. Different transport modes offer various advantages and disadvantages. Here are 10 advantages and disadvantages of different transport modes:

1. Road transport:
  - Advantages: Flexibility, door-to-door service, suitable for short distances.
  - Disadvantages: Traffic congestion, limited capacity, higher fuel consumption.

2. Rail transport:
  - Advantages: High carrying capacity, efficient for long distances, cost-effective for bulky goods.
  - Disadvantages: Limited accessibility, fixed routes, slower than other modes for short distances.

3. Water transport:
  - Advantages: Cost-effective for transporting large quantities, suitable for international trade.
  - Disadvantages: Slow speed, limited accessibility to landlocked regions, vulnerable to weather conditions.

4. Air transport:
  - Advantages: Fastest mode, global reach, suitable for perishable goods and urgent deliveries.
  - Disadvantages: Expensive, limited carrying capacity, infrastructure requirements.

5. Pipeline transport:
  - Advantages: Efficient for transporting liquids and gases, low maintenance.
  - Disadvantages: Limited to specific types of cargo, high initial cost, fixed routes.

6. Cable transport:
  - Advantages: Ideal for steep terrains, energy-efficient, low environmental impact.
  - Disadvantages: Limited carrying capacity, restricted to specific areas, slower compared to other modes.

7. Human-powered transport (walking, cycling):
  - Advantages: Low cost, environmentally friendly, good for short distances.
  - Disadvantages: Limited carrying capacity, restricted to individual physical capabilities, slower for longer distances.

8. Underground transport (subways):
  - Advantages: Avoids traffic congestion, faster than road transport in urban areas, reduces pollution.
  - Disadvantages: High construction and maintenance costs, limited to specific locations, vulnerable to service disruptions.

9. Intermodal transport (combination of modes):
  - Advantages: Efficient utilization of different modes, improved connectivity, flexibility in routes.
  - Disadvantages: Complex logistics, coordination challenges, increased risk of damage or loss.

10. Autonomous vehicles:
   - Advantages: Potential for reduced accidents, increased efficiency, improved traffic flow.
   - Disadvantages: Regulatory challenges, cybersecurity risks, initial infrastructure investments.

These are just some of the advantages and disadvantages associated with different transport modes. It's important to consider factors such as cost, distance, nature of goods, and specific requirements when choosing the most suitable mode of transport for a particular situation. Remember, the optimal choice may vary depending on the circumstances.

To know more about factors visit:

https://brainly.com/question/31931315

#SPJ11

To maintain a cartel agreement on the monopoly outcome, the adjusted probability discount factor Rp needs to be determined. Let p be the probability that the game continues in the next period, and R be the discount factor.

Rp can be calculated as follows: Rp = (1-p+Rp × p)^(T-1) × (1-p) × (100-20-20)Rp = (1-p+Rp × p)^(T-1) × (80)where, T = the number of periods. Let Rp = 1,Therefore, (1-p+Rp × p)^(T-1) = 1/80, so (T-1)ln(1-p+Rp × p) = ln(1/80)T = 23.07 Since the number of periods must be an integer, set T = 24Rp = (1-p+Rp × p)^(T-1) × (80)Rp = (1-p+Rp × p)^23 × (80)When p = 0.9,Rp = (0.1+Rp × 0.9)^23 × (80)Rp = 7.12 × 10^-7Rp = 7.12 × 10^-7 < 1.Thus, if the probability of continuing the game next period is at least 0.9, then a probability adjusted discount factor Rp = 1 can sustain a cartel agreement on the monopoly outcome.

b) What is the per-period efficiency loss due to the cartel? Due to the cartel, there is a per-period efficiency loss. This results in an allocation where output is equal to minimum marginal cost and the price is equal to marginal cost: (P = 20, Q = 160). Total surplus is: TS_bertrand = (100-20-20-20) × (160) = 5120If firms form a cartel, they will limit production and increase prices above marginal costs, with the result that total surplus is reduced. Each firm's monopoly output is: Qm = 70(100-p) / (3p)Pm = 100 - 3Qm / 7 Therefore, Total output is 2Qm and total surplus is: TS_monopoly = 2 × [(100 - 3Qm / 7) - 20] × QmTS_monopoly = 2 × [(100 - 15 / 7 Qm) - 20] × Qm. The per-period efficiency loss due to the cartel is: per_period_efficiency_loss = (TS_monopoly / TS_bertrand) - 1per_period_efficiency_loss = [2 × (100 - 15 / 7 Qm - 20) × Qm / (100 - 60) × (160)] - 1 Substituting Qm, per_period_efficiency_loss = (1645/5120) - 1per_period_efficiency_loss = -0.68c) .

c) In an infinitely repeated game, the Folk Theorem states that any individually rational and feasible payoff can be sustained as a Nash equilibrium payoff in a subgame perfect equilibrium outcome as long as the discount factor R is sufficiently high. This means that any expected long-run average payoff that is possible as a Nash equilibrium payoff in the stage game can be supported by a subgame perfect equilibrium in a repeated game. The game detailed above can be graphically illustrated as below:

d) Suppose that prices cannot be adjusted immediately: if a firm deviates from the monopoly outcome in period t, the other firm will adjust its price and play the Bertrand Nash equilibrium from period t+2 onward. Explain the intuition. With the trigger strategy, an adjusted discount factor of Rp = 0.55 is not large enough to sustain a cartel on the monopoly outcome since if a firm cheats, the other firm responds by playing the Bertrand Nash equilibrium from period t+2 onwards. . The profit per period from cheating is higher than the profit from playing the trigger strategy, and the benefits of deviating are greater than the costs when the adjusted discount factor is less than 0.71. Hence, a discount factor of Rp=0.55 is not sufficient to sustain a cartel on the monopoly outcome.

To know more about Nash equilibrium visit

https://brainly.com/question/28903257

#SPJ11

After calculations, we find that the amount of manufacturing overhead costs is P120,000.

The manufacturing overhead costs allocated to jobs during 2022 can be calculated using the formula:

Manufacturing Overhead Costs Allocated = (Actual Manufacturing Overhead Costs / Actual Machine-Hours) * Machine-Hours

Given that the actual manufacturing overhead costs are P120,000 and the actual machine-hours are 25,000, we can substitute these values into the formula:

Manufacturing Overhead Costs Allocated = (P120,000 / 25,000) * 25,000

Simplifying the equation, we find that the manufacturing overhead costs allocated to jobs during 2022 is equal to the actual manufacturing overhead costs, which is P120,000.

Therefore, the amount of manufacturing overhead costs allocated to jobs during 2022 is P120,000.

To know more about overhead costs, visit:

https://brainly.com/question/32466347#

#SPJ11

a. Determining the appropriate Islamic financial Instruments:

In the given scenario, the group of friends is launching a company and is capable of running the business.

They are requesting funding through Islamic finance to contribute the remaining 50% of the money without engaging in management. Thus, the appropriate Islamic financial instruments for them to consider would be Musharaka, Mudaraba, and Sukuk. Musharaka refers to the partnership arrangement that includes two or more parties who contribute capital to a business venture, sharing profits and losses.

Mudaraba is similar to Musharaka, but instead of sharing profits and losses, one party (the investor) provides the capital, while the other party (the entrepreneur) manages the business. Sukuk are Islamic financial certificates that provide investors with a return on their investment while complying with Sharia law. The return on Sukuk is based on the profit of an underlying asset or investment project.

b. Evaluate one of the risks and the risks mitigate:

One of the risks that the group of friends might face is default risk. Default risk is the risk of the borrower failing to repay the loan. This risk could be mitigated by having a proper collateral agreement in place. In case of a default, the collateral could be sold to recover the money. Also, the group could approach the bank with a guarantor or collateral. Another way of mitigating the default risk would be to opt for the Mudaraba financing option. In this case, the investor provides the capital and the entrepreneur manages the business. The investor, in this case, would not be liable for any losses and would only lose the capital invested in the venture.

Learn more about collateral agreement: https://brainly.com/question/28498354

#SPJ11

The cost of capital is the minimum required rate of return on a new investment that will satisfy investors and stakeholders.

It represents the cost of obtaining capital for a company, and it includes the cost of both debt and equity financing. A company needs capital to fund its operations, expand its business, and invest in new projects.The cost of capital includes the cost of debt, which is the interest paid on borrowed funds, and the cost of equity, which is the return required by investors to compensate them for the risk of investing in the company. The cost of equity is affected by the risk-free rate of return, which is the rate of return that can be earned on an investment that is considered to be risk-free, such as a U.S. Treasury bond. The cost of equity is also affected by the market risk premium, which is the additional return required by investors to compensate them for the risk of investing in the overall stock market. Therefore, the cost of capital is not another term for the risk-free rate of return, the market risk premium, or the return on the overall market.

Learn more about business :

https://brainly.com/question/15826604

#SPJ11

The false statement about investment spending is option d. During the Great Recession in 2007–2009, when interest rates essentially declined to zero, investment spending rose sharply.



Investment spending refers to the purchase of capital goods by businesses for the purpose of expanding production or improving efficiency.

Option a states that investment spending is much more volatile than consumption spending. This is true because investment decisions are often influenced by economic conditions, such as changes in interest rates, business confidence, and expectations of future profitability.

Consumption spending, on the other hand, is driven by factors like income and personal preferences, which tend to be more stable.

Option b states that the percentage swings in real investment spending are greater than the percentage swings in real GDP. This is also true because investment spending is a component of GDP, and it tends to fluctuate more than overall economic output. For example, during periods of economic expansion, businesses may invest heavily to take advantage of growing demand, leading to larger swings in investment spending compared to GDP.

Option c states that the durability of capital goods is one basic reason for the variability of investment spending. This is true because capital goods, such as machinery and equipment, have a longer lifespan and require substantial investment. The variability in investment spending is partly driven by the need to replace or upgrade these durable assets over time.

Finally, option d states that during the Great Recession in 2007–2009, when interest rates essentially declined to zero, investment spending rose sharply. This statement is false.

During the Great Recession, investment spending actually declined significantly due to the financial crisis and uncertainty in the economy. The decline in investment spending was mainly driven by businesses' reluctance to invest in new projects or expand operations due to the economic downturn and limited access to credit.

In summary, option d is the false statement as investment spending did not rise sharply during the Great Recession. Instead, it experienced a significant decline.

To learn more about investment visit:

https://brainly.com/question/29547577

#SPJ11

1. In the given scenario, "An influential stakeholder has left the organization", which document most likely needs to be updated. The most appropriate answer is the C. Communication plan. A communication plan is a document that outlines who needs to receive which information, when they need it, and how it will be delivered.

It includes information on stakeholder communication and communication methods, such as email, meetings, and reports. When an influential stakeholder leaves the organization, the communication plan should be updated to reflect this change so that communication is established with the new stakeholders in the same way.

Therefore, the communication plan is the document that most likely needs to be updated when an influential stakeholder leaves the organization.

Incorrect choices:A. Incident response plan: It is used to determine what steps to take in the event of an incident.

B. Issue log: It is used to record all the issues and their resolution.

C. Project plan: It is a comprehensive document that outlines the project from start to finish.

2. The given scenario "gate reviews were scheduled at regular intervals, but they failed", which of the following resource management issues most likely affected the project. The correct answer is B. Inter-project dependencies. Inter-project dependencies refer to the relationship between projects that can affect the overall success of the project.

In the given scenario, the project manager has been overseeing an effort to build and design a new satellite-based navigation system for autonomous agriculture machines. Because of the inherent dangers related to the autonomous control of heavy machinery, gate reviews were scheduled at regular intervals, but they failed.

Gate reviews are a process of ensuring that the project is progressing as planned and that it meets the specified requirements. If the gate reviews fail, it indicates that there are issues with the inter-project dependencies, which are causing delays in the project.

Incorrect choices :A. Shared resources: It is a situation in which resources are shared among multiple projects.

B. Inter-project dependencies: It refers to the relationship between projects that can affect the overall success of the project.

C. Resource shortages: It is a situation in which there are not enough resources to complete the project

.D. Low-quality resource: It is a situation in which the resources used to complete the project are of low quality.

Learn more about Gate reviews here ;

https://brainly.com/question/31991060

#SPJ11

(i) Extract of Notes to the Financial Statements - Property, Plant and Equipment
(ii) Extract of Statement of Financial Position as at 31 December 2021

(i)Accounting Policies:

1..Property, plant, and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation.

2..Land is not depreciated, while buildings and improvements are depreciated using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives.

3.. Depreciation is recognized from the date an asset is available for use.

4..The cost of significant improvements is capitalized and added to the carrying amount of the related asset.

5..Gain or loss on disposal of assets is determined by comparing the proceeds from the sale with the carrying amount of the asset.

Profit before Tax Note:The profit before tax note discloses the income and expenses related to property, plant, and equipment. It includes the depreciation expense for buildings and improvements and any gains or losses on disposal of assets.

PPE Schedule:The following assets are held by Best Breweries Ltd as at 31 December 2021:

Asset | Cost | Accumulated Depreciation | Carrying Amount

Land | Rs 0 | - | Rs 0

Buildings | Rs 135,000 | Rs [Depreciation amount] | Rs [Carrying amount]

Stand | Rs 350,000 | - | Rs 350,000

Vehicle | Rs 160,000 | Rs [Depreciation amount] | Rs [Carrying amount]

(ii)Non-Current Assets : Property, Plant and Equipment : Land: Rs 0

Buildings: Rs [Carrying amount]

Stand: Rs 350,000

Vehicle: Rs [Carrying amount]

Note: The carrying amounts of the buildings and vehicle will be determined based on their original cost and accumulated depreciation, as per the accounting policies and depreciation calculations.

Learn more about accounting policies

https://brainly.com/question/34104150

#SPJ11

For instance, observing their supervisor could help an individual recognize the kind of communication that is effective and necessary for different kinds of individuals and how to develop an ethical and professional attitude in a corporate culture. This can help them develop their leadership qualities and capabilities.

The statement "Leadership development can take place by using one's immediate superior as a positive or negative model of effective leadership" is TRUE.Using one's immediate superior as a positive or negative model of effective leadership is one way leadership development can take place. An individual can learn how to become a good leader by observing their immediate superior's behavior and habits at work. This can help them to identify which traits are effective in leading a team and which ones are not.For instance, observing their supervisor could help an individual recognize the kind of communication that is effective and necessary for different kinds of individuals and how to develop an ethical and professional attitude in a corporate culture. This can help them develop their leadership qualities and capabilities.

To know more about individuals visit:

https://brainly.com/question/32647607

#SPJ11

The standard deviation of the investment is approximately 7.94%. None of the provided options (7.8%, 6.08%, 12.4%) is correct.

The standard deviation measures the dispersion or variability of returns from the expected value. To calculate the standard deviation in this case, we need to use the following formula:
Standard Deviation = √[p1 * (x1 - μ)² + p2 * (x2 - μ)² + p3 * (x3 - μ)²]
where:
- p1, p2, and p3 are the probabilities of getting each return
- x1, x2, and x3 are the returns
- μ is the expected value of the returns
Given the following probabilities and returns:
- 20% chance of getting a 21% return
- 70% chance of getting a 13% return
- 10% chance of getting a -9% return
Let's calculate the standard deviation step-by-step:
1. Calculate the expected value (μ):
Expected Value = (p1 * x1) + (p2 * x2) + (p3 * x3)
Expected Value = (0.20 * 21) + (0.70 * 13) + (0.10 * -9)
Expected Value = 4.2 + 9.1 - 0.9
Expected Value = 12.4
2. Calculate the squared differences from the expected value:
Squared Difference 1 = (x1 - μ)² = (21 - 12.4)² = 72.36
Squared Difference 2 = (x2 - μ)² = (13 - 12.4)² = 0.36
Squared Difference 3 = (x3 - μ)² = (-9 - 12.4)² = 483.84
3. Calculate the weighted sum of squared differences:
Weighted Sum = (p1 * Squared Difference 1) + (p2 * Squared Difference 2) + (p3 * Squared Difference 3)
Weighted Sum = (0.20 * 72.36) + (0.70 * 0.36) + (0.10 * 483.84)
Weighted Sum = 14.472 + 0.252 + 48.384
Weighted Sum = 63.108
4. Take the square root of the weighted sum:
Standard Deviation = √(Weighted Sum)
Standard Deviation = √(63.108)
Standard Deviation ≈ 7.94%
Therefore, the standard deviation of the investment is approximately 7.94%. None of the provided options (7.8%, 6.08%, 12.4%) is correct.

To learn more about investment
https://brainly.com/question/29547577
#SPJ11

According to the problem The dollar cost of the fee is $10,360,000.

To calculate the dollar cost of the fee, we need to multiply the number of shares sold by the underwriting spread percentage and the price per share:

Dollar cost of the fee = Number of shares sold * Underwriting spread * Price per share

Number of shares sold = 8 million

Underwriting spread = 7% (0.07)

Price per share = $18.50

Dollar cost of the fee = 8,000,000 * 0.07 * $18.50

Dollar cost of the fee = $10,360,000

Dollar cost refers to the actual monetary amount or value associated with a particular expense or investment. It represents the total amount of money spent or required to purchase a product, service, or asset. In the context of financial transactions, such as fees, commissions, or purchases, the dollar cost is the specific amount of money that needs to be paid or allocated. It is typically denominated in the currency of the country or market in which the transaction takes place.

To learn more about dollar cost

https://brainly.com/question/22850920

#SPJ11

To calculate the weights for the portfolio, we divide the individual investment amounts by the total investment amount:

Given:

Investment in Flama stock = $3 million

Investment in Blanca stock = $7 million

Total investment amount = $3 million + $7 million = $10 million

a. Weights for the portfolio:

Weight of Flama stock = Investment in Flama stock / Total investment amount = $3 million / $10 million = 0.3 or 30%

Weight of Blanca stock = Investment in Blanca stock / Total investment amount = $7 million / $10 million = 0.7 or 70%

b. To calculate the portfolio beta, we use the weighted average of the betas of individual stocks based on their respective weights:

Given:

Beta of Flama stock = 2

Beta of Blanca stock = 1

Portfolio beta = (Weight of Flama stock * Beta of Flama stock) + (Weight of Blanca stock * Beta of Blanca stock)

Portfolio beta = (0.3 * 2) + (0.7 * 1)

Portfolio beta = 0.6 + 0.7

Portfolio beta = 1.3

c. The required return of the portfolio can be calculated using the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM):

Required Return = Risk-Free Rate + (Portfolio Beta * Market Risk Premium)

Given:

Risk-Free Rate = 2% = 0.02

Market Risk Premium = 6% = 0.06

Portfolio Beta = 1.3

Required Return = 0.02 + (1.3 * 0.06)

Required Return = 0.02 + 0.078

Required Return = 0.098 or 9.8%

Therefore:

a. The weights for this portfolio are 30% for Flama stock and 70% for Blanca stock.

b. The portfolio beta is 1.3.

c. The required return of the portfolio is 9.8%.

To know more about Investment visit:

brainly.com/question/30105963

#SPJ11