Describe the steps of how a protein is specifically made.

Include both Transcription, Translation & protein folding (all levels)

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

Ok. Let me explain.

Explanation:

First of all this process starts from genes in DNA.

At first an enzyme called RNApolymraze،makes a copy of one strand of DNA. We call the copied strand mRNA (messenger RNA). This stage is called transcription . This mRNA leaves nucleus from nucleus pores and enters the cytoplasm.

When the mRNA reaches a ribosome. Another process starts which is called translation.

In translation a special RNA which is called tRNA that has an amino acid attached to it ،enters the ribosome. Every three code on mRNA is a code of special amino acid so when the code on tRNA and mRNA are suitable، different amino acids bond together with peptide bond.

After this process the peptide chain is produced

Every protein has four structures until it can be used.

First structure is peptide chain. It is after the translation.

The second structure this peptide chain makes alpha helix and beta sheet.

The third structure it makes a shape like T or a kind of plant in persian :(برگ شبدر)

The fourth structure is when it folds with aid of tao protein and now it can be used.


Related Questions

which of the following is most likely an acid?
A. HCI
B. NaOH
C. Ba(OH)2
D. NH3

Answers

Answer: A) HCI

Explanation:

If a scientific idea has been proven 100% of the time, like gravity, it becomes a whereas an idea that is generally believed but has not been proven to be 100% true would be called a .

Answers

Answer:

The correct answer would be - scientific theory.

Explanation:

A scientific theory is a confirmed explanation of any particular natural aspect or phenomenon of the world which is confirmed and accepted widely by the facts based on observation and experiment.

This particular idea or explanation for the natural phenomenon is true time based and believed to be true for time being and proved for a time but can be changed with the new discoveries and facts.

Answer:

For the first  question if it were 100% law ........................................................................for second question if it is not 100% Theory

Explanation:

because if it were to be 100% true it would be a law but if it is not it is a theory is something that is most likely to be true. If it were a theory they would probably go on to study it more to.ps. I took this quiz and think I got the question right! GOOD LUCK!

Which element is the basis for all living things and can combine with other elements in many ways?
O phosphorus
O carbon
O oxygen
O sulfur

Answers

Carbon is the basic element for living thing

What evidence from geology, or the structure and history of planet Earth, influenced Darwin? *
evidence indicating that volcanoes contribute to natural selection
evidence showing that the center of Earth is liquid
evidence showing that rocks can change from one type to another
evidence indicating that Earth was much older than was previously believed

Answers

Answer:

the evidence that influenced Darwin was the evidence indicating that volcanoes contribute to natural selection and evidence showing that rocks can change from one type to another after all he was a geologist and he saw various changes on the earth and it might've look a bit older than we thought

Which of the following organelles undergoes cellular respiration to give cells the energy they need?
A. Cytoplasm
B. Nucleus
C. Mitochondria
D. Smooth ER

Answers

Answer:

i kinda wanna say mitochondria..

Explanation:

Answer:

C. Mitochondria

which of the following moves using pseudopods ?
A. paramecium
B. amoeba
C. euglena
D. volvox​

Answers

Answer:

B

Explanation:

B is the correct answer in this problem

Explain the differences and similarities among these abiotic and biotic processes in terms of the changes in entropy and heat that contribute to the free energy extracted from chemical bonds, the spontaneity of each, and the role of catalysis.

Answers

Answer:Explain the differences and similarities among these abiotic and biotic processes in terms of the changes in entropy and heat that contribute to th

Explanation:

Help me draw this in emt 100% smart people pls draw this and label it need the coronal line

Answers

Answer: I’m answering bc i need points

Explanation:

Free brainliest for anyone that has the correct answer!!!!
Why is it important to know the difference between science and pseudoscience?

A.) to look intelligent
B.) to make informed decisions
C.) to score well on tests
D.) to tell believable stories

Answers

Answer:

b!!!

Explanation:

Question: Why is it important to know the difference between science and pseudoscience?

Answer: (B)

Explanation: The answer is (B) because, pseudo-science seeks confirmations and science seeks falsifications.

Which best describes mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)?
Mitochondrial DNA is the same as nuclear DNA.
Mitochondrial DNA is inherited through the father.
Mitochondrial DNA can be traced for generations.
Mitochondrial DNA requires large amounts for testing.

Answers

the answer is the third one, mitochondrial DNA can be traced for generations. this is because geneticists could trace back mitochondrial adam and mitochondrial eve.

Answer:

mitocondrial DNA can be traced through genorations

Explanation:

the third one

A city is located in an area that has experienced 7.5-magnitude earthquakes in the past. The city is considering building a new skyscraper.

Use the earthquake magnitude scale to predict the amount and type of damage residents should expect from future earthquakes of similar magnitude. Then suggest a way to minimize the effects of future earthquakes on the skyscraper.

Answers

Answer:

The residents should expect collapsing parts of the building, or even the building itself would collapse if the building cannot hold/not sturdy enough for earthquakes ranging around 7.0m to 7.9m. If the building is built by hills or rocky land, expect landslides to be happening. A way effects of future earthquakes can be minimized is that the building should be constructed with sturdy material (such as steel) so that it can withstand most of the force of a 7.0-7.9m earthquake.

Explanation:

4. In this investigation oxygen production was used to measure the light reaction. What are
two additional products that could be measured? What purpose do they serve in the light-
independent (dark) reaction?

Answers

Answer:

Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants absorb light energy from the sun with the assistance of water and carbon dioxide, and transform it into chemical energy to make (synthesize) carbohydrate (specifically glucose) and oxygen.

The "light-independent" or dark reactions happen in the stroma of the chloroplasts. This is also known as the Calvin Cycle. Since these processes can only happen in the chloroplast (a chlorophyll filled plastid in green plants), photosynthesis can only happen in green plants!

The first overall principle of photosynthesis is that the light energy from the sun is transformed into chemical energy and stored in the bonds of glucose (the sugar carbohydrate) for later use by the plant and/or organism that eats the plant.

The second overall principle of photosynthesis is that carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen atoms are taken from carbon dioxide and water molecules and are broken up and rearranged into new substances: carbohydrate (specifically glucose) and oxygen gas (so we can breathe, whew!). This reaction represents the transfer of matter: carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, water from the soil or atmosphere, into sugar in the plant and oxygen back into the atmosphere.

Light-Dependent Reactions

The first part of the process happens in the thylakoids of the chloroplasts and are the "light-dependent" reactions: The photosystems I and II absorb the photons from the sunlight and process them through the membranes of the thylakoids simultaneously. The photons excite electrons in the chlorphyll which then move through the electron transport chain and causes NADP- to combine with H+ forming NADPH. At the same time, ADP (adenosine diphosphate) has come from the dark reaction and a third phosphate chain is bonded forming ATP (adenosine triphosphate) to feed the Calvin Cycle next. Remember that ATP is the important source of all cellular energy.

We now believe that all the oxygen released in photosynthesis comes from the water molecules and all oxygen atoms that form the carbohydrates come from the carbon dioxide molecules. So, in other words during the light-dependent reaction a water molecule is broken down producing two H+ ions and half an oxygen molecule. We get the rest of the oxygen molecule when another water molecule is broken down.

Dark Reactions

Dark reactions are also known as the Calvin Cycle, the Calvin-Benson cycle, and light-independent reactions. The point is that they do not require sunlight to complete their process.

After ATP is formed in the first part of photosynthesis, for living things to grow, reproduce and repair themselves, the inorganic form of CO2 must be transformed into carbohydrate. This happens during the Calvin Cycle in the stroma (the fluid filled interior of the chloroplast). ATP and NADPH combine with CO2 and water to make the end product of glucose. The ADP and NADPH+ are recycled to the light-dependent side to start the process over.

Remember that during hours of darkness, plants cannot perform photosynthesis so they do cellular respiration in the mitochondria just as all living organisms do.

Explanation:

I hope this helps

Raj made the timeline below to show the progression of thinkers who developed theories about Earth's place in the universe. ? À Copernicus à Galileo à Newton Which thinker belongs at the beginning of Raj's timeline? Aristotle Kepler Ptolemy Thales

Answers

Answer:

Ptolemy

Explanation:

Ptolemy is the earliest earliest astronomer and mathematician in the list who lived and worked in the second century AD. Nothing is known about his personal life but his scientific work is well known.

He made his observations using naked eyes. In his opinion, the Universe is ''a set of nested, transparent spheres, with Earth in the center.''(Khan Academy). His argument was that the Moon, Mercury, Venus, and the Sun were all revolving around around Earth.

Although Ptolemy made significant contributions in Astronomy but he was wrong in positing that the earth did not move at all. This is inconsistent with our present day knowledge about the celestial bodies. Also, his work missed out other planets that were yet to be discovered then such as Uranus, Neptune, Pluto etc.

What does it mean when you have a higher than normal heart rate?

Answers

Answer:

A higher pulse pressure (greater than 60) may reflect leaky heart valves (valve regurgitation), often due to age-related losses in aortic elasticity.

Explanation:

Energy transformation shown in the picture 10 points !!

Answers

Electrical to thermal

Some ovens use electricity converted into heat energy to cook food
The answer is C
It’s C because the way a oven works it that it takes the electricity and converts it to heat. Therefore electricity turns into thermal energy

HELP PLEASEEEE
!!!!!!!!!!

Answers

I think it’s the second one

hey y'all I just really need help with this question so if y'all didn't mind and try to help me that would be greatHELP ME PLEASE I'LL MARK YOU THE BRAINEST!!!!!!!!​


3. What would happen if all of the top-level consumers in the reef ecosystem died out?​

Answers

Answer: Coral reefs provide protection against flooding and the erosion of coastlines. With them gone, there will be rapid erosion of coastlines and many small island countries might even vanish from the world map. There may be many more serious repercussions that we are unable to perceive at this moment.

Answer:

The reef would die.

Explanation:

Water moves into a cell placed in a(n)
solution.

Answers

hypotonic. hope this helped

What determines the size of distribution of plant populations in a community?

Answers

Explanation:

Populations. Biotic and abiotic factors determine the population size of a species in an ecosystem. ... Biotic factors include the amount of food that is available to that species and the number of organisms that also use that food source.

Answer:

i would say biotic and abiotic factors

Sterility is an important condition to be maintained in fermenter. true or false?​

Answers

Answer:

I'm pretty sure it's true.

Explanation:

It's true because, in the fermentation of mashes by bacteria or similar organisms, it is necessary after each fermentation has been completed and the fermented mash removed, to sterilize the fermenter vessel to prevent contamination during the next fermentation.

Fill in the blank with the correct sphere label.
A:
B:
C:

Answers

Answer:A:geosphere

B:biosphere

C:hydrosphere

Explanation:

The uterus is an organ within females that is part of which body system?

A.Digestive
B.Immune
C.Excretory
D.Reproductive


The kidneys and bladder are part of which body system?

A.Circulatory
B.Muscular
C.Excretory
D.Immune



Which of the following is not a function of the excretory system?

A.Controls water balance in the body
B.Processes food for use by the body
C.Excretes waste from the body
D.Remove waste from blood

Answers

1. The answer is D, Reproductive.

2. The answer is C, Excretory.

3. The answer is B, Processes food for use by the body.

In which of the following conditions are intracellular concentrations of ATP likely to increase?

a. Increased activity of intracellular anabolic reactions
b. Increased activity of intracellular catabolic reactions
c. The coupling of intracellular anabolic and catabolic reactions
d. The suspension of all intracellular anabolic and catabolic reactions

Answers

Answer:

B.) Increased activity of intracellular catabolic reactions.

Explanation:

We're do volcanoes usually form please help me A within 10 miles of the ocean B between earths mantle and core C at fault lines between tectonic plates D within the boundaries of the U.S.

Answers

I believe the answer is B.

graph of light colored and dark color pepper moth survival rate post industrial;

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

what

8. In developing countries, you are most likely to find biomass used
A. to generate electricity.
B. for manufacturing.
C. as a source of hydropower.
D. for heating and cooking.

Answers

In developing countries, it is most likely to find biomass used for heating and cooking (Option D).

What is biomass?

Biomass is all material obtained from plant sources, which can be used in industry and human activities.

In industry, biomass is generally used to is to generate heat and/or electricity.

In conclusion, in developing countries, it is most likely to find biomass used for heating and cooking (Option D).

Learn more on biomass here:

https://brainly.com/question/82777

#SPJ2

Your friend Olivia has a blemish on her shoulder that she can't easily see herself, so she asks you to check it out for her to help her decide if she should see her doctor. What are at least three things you would look for to help you advise her? (Remember: ABCDE!)

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

There are a couple of things you can look for when analyzing your friend's blemish to determine whether she should see a doctor or not. Three of these signs are

Discoloration or texture on the blemish.The blemish is itchy or irritated.The blemish is bleeding

All three of these are signs that Olivia should see a doctor/dermatologist as soon as she can. This is because all of these point to skin cancer. A regular blemish is a single color and is imbedded within the skin. It does not appear textured or out of the skin, or even two or three different colors. Blemishes also are not itchy or bleed. Therefore, any of these signs would be a cause for concern.

which organisms need to make or consume some sort of food or provide of the energy their cells need

a)only plants
b)only animals
c)all living things
d)most living things

Answers

Answer:

c.

Explanation:

food is energy for an organism

hope this helps!

Answer:

all living things

Explanation:

because all living thing provide

Foods containing carbohydrates and fats are also called ______ giving foods

Answers

Answer: Energy giving foods.

Explanation:

pls help me answer this question I'll make you Brainliest​

Answers

So the dark butterfly camouflages better on the tree. Where as the white one can clearly be seen and identified. A predator will also easily spot it and kill it. The dark butterfly has evolved over time to the color that it is, to best help it survive. This is also shown in the tread on the graph.


Hope this helps!!
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