Answer:
C-O: polar covalent
Mg-F: ionic
Cl-Cl: nonpolar covalent
Explanation:
Ionic bonds are formed between an atom of a metallic element and another atom of a non-metallic element. Thus, Mg-F is an ionic bond, in which Mg is the metal and F is the nonmetal.
Covalent bonds are formed between two non-metallic elements. So, C-O and Cl-Cl are covalent bonds, because C, O, and Cl are nonmetals.
In C-O, the atom of oxygen (O) has more electronegativity than the atom of carbon (C). Thus, O will attract the electrons with more strength and a difference in charge will be established between the two bonded atoms. So, this covalent bond is polar.
In Cl-Cl, both atoms have the same electronegativity because they are from the same chemical element (Cl). Thus, this bond is nonpolar.
The standard redox potentials of isolated components of an electron transport chain in a cyanobacterium are found to be as follows:
Complex A: standard redox potential: -100 mV
Complex B: standard redox potential: -780 mV
Complex C: standard redox potential: +510 mV
Complex D: standard redox potential: +310 mV
Plastocyanin: standard redox potential: +360 mV
Which complex will likely have a binding site with high affinity for reduced plastocyanin?
A. Complex A.
B. Complex B.
C. Complex C.
D. Complex D.
Answer:
B. Complex B.
Explanation:
Complex B will have binding site with high affinity for reduced plastocyanin due to greater redox potential. The high number of redox potential will will transport electron chain in cyanobacteria.
Redox potential is the measure of the electron gain or loss to the electrode. For reduced plastocyanin complex B will have the highest affinity.
What is electron affinity?Electron affinity is the energy released when the atom gets attached to the atom or other molecule. The high number of redox potential increases the electron transport in the cell.
The greater the redox potential more will be its tendency to show electron affinity. To bond with reduced species, the oxidized species must have greater redox potential.
Therefore, option B. complex b will have the highest affinity.
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Calculate the molarity of a solution consisting of 65.5 g of K2S0 4 in 5.00 L of solution.
Answer:
Molarity is 0.075 M.
Explanation:
Moles:
[tex]{ \tt{ = \frac{65.5}{RFM} }}[/tex]
RFM of potassium sulphate :
[tex]{ \tt{ = (39 \times 2) + 32 + (16 \times 4)}} \\ = 174 \: g[/tex]
substitute:
[tex]{ \tt{moles = \frac{65.5}{174} = 0.376 \: moles}}[/tex]
In volume of 5.00 l:
[tex]{ \tt{5.00 \: l = 0.376 \: moles}} \\ { \tt{1 \: l = ( \frac{0.376}{5.00} ) \: moles}} \\ { \tt{molarity = 0.075 \: mol \: l {}^{ - 1} }}[/tex]
calculate the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution who's pH is 2.4
Answer:
I don't know sorry yyyyyyy6yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy
Which chemical can remove color of red/Pink phenol and make it clear like water transparent?
What is alkaline and what is acidic pH
Answer:
An alkaline is a substance that dissolves in water to produce hydroxyl ions (OH-)
Explanation:
The pH range of an alkaline is from 8–14.
Acidic pH ranges from 0–6.9.
Which one of these statements is/are true: I. All redox reactions with positive emfs are spontaneous. II. If a redox reaction is spontaneous, it must be fast. III. A spontaneous redox reaction will have a cathode reaction that has a more negative reduction potential than the anode. III only. I and III are true. I only. II only. All of I, II, and III are true.
Answer:
yea all the answers are true
Redox reaction is the transfer of the electron from one species to another. All of the three statements are true about the redox reaction.
What is a redox reaction?A redox reaction is a type of chemical reaction in which the electrons are gained and lost by a species. The positive EMF of the cell results in spontaneous and will move the reaction in the forward direction.
In a redox reaction, the cathode reaction is comparatively more negative than the reduction potential present at the anode.
Therefore, option E. All I, II, and III are true.
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State the different radiations emitted by radioactive elements.
You are titrating 24.3 mL of 2.00 M HCl with 1.87 M NaOH. How much NaOH do you expect to have added when you reach the equivalence point?
26.0 mL
15.4 mL
13.4 mL
Answer:
26mL
Explanation:
NaOH+HCl= NaCl+H2O
nHCl=0.0243*2=0.0486
nNaOh=nHCl
VNaOH=0.0486/1.87=0.026l=26ml
Answer:
26.0 mL
Explanation:
Sally has constructed a concentration cell to measure Ksp for MCln. She constructs the cell by adding 2 mL of 0.05 M M(NO3)n to one compartment of the microwell plate. She then makes a solution of MCln by adding KCl to M(NO3)n. She adds 7.903 mL of the resulting mixture to a second compartment of the microwell plate. Sally knows n = +2. She has already calculated [Mn+] in the prepared MCln solution using the Nernst equation. [Mn+] = 8.279 M
Required:
How many moles of [Cl-] must be dissolved in that compartment?
Answer:
0.1309 mol
Explanation:
From the given information:
The metal ion, two ions of [tex]M^{+}[/tex] reacted with Cl⁻ to form [tex]MCl_n[/tex] i.e. the compound formed is [tex]MCl_2[/tex].
The concentration of the metal ion formed [tex][M^+][/tex] = 8.279 M
The concentration of the chlorine ion formed [tex][Cl^-][/tex] = 2 × 8.279 M
= 16.558 M
∴
We know that:
[tex]\mathsf{Molarity = \dfrac{no \ of \ moles }{volume (mL)}}[/tex]
The number of moles of [tex][Cl^-][/tex] = [tex]16.558 \ mol.L^{-1} \times 7.903 \ mL \times \dfrac{1 \ L}{1000 \ mL}[/tex]
= 0.1309 mol
he FAA restricts how much lithium to carry on an airplane. The rule-of-thumb is a battery has 0.3 g of lithium per Ampere-hour (Ah). A laptop battery is rated as 5 Ah per cell and contains 4 cells. Find the lithium content in grams. (compare with the FAA limit of 8 grams)
Answer:
The right answer is "6 gm".
Explanation:
Given:
Amount of Li,
= 0.3 gm
Battery rated,
= 5 Ah per cell
Total number of cells,
= 4
The total power limit will be:
= [tex]5\times 4[/tex]
= [tex]20 \ Ah[/tex]
hence,
The amount of Li in battery will be:
= [tex](0.3)\times 20[/tex]
= [tex]6 \ gm[/tex]
(Allowed for transportation).
You need to make an aqueous solution of 0.182 M aluminum sulfate for an experiment in lab, using a 250 mL volumetric flask. How much solid aluminum sulfate should you add
Answer:
Hence, 15.99 g of solid Aluminum Sulfate should be added in 250 mL of Volumetric flask.
Explanation:
To make 0.187 M of Aluminum Sulfate solution in a 250 mL (0.250 L) Volumetric flask
The molar mass of Aluminum Sulfate = 342.15 g/mol
Using the molarity formula:-
Molarity = Number of moles/Volume of solution in a liter
Number of moles = Given weight/ molar mass
Molarity = (Given weight/ molar mass)/Volume of solution in liter
0.187 M = (Given weight/342.15 g/mol)/0.250 L
Given weight = 15.99 g
If ionization energy of hydrogen atom is 13.6 eV then its ionization potential will be
Ionization potential and ionization energy are two terms used to describe the same thing.
The ionization potential of hydrogen atom is 13.6 eV
The ionization potential is the energy that is required to remove an electron from the neutral atom. It is the same as the ionization energy.
From the question, we can see that the ionization energy of the hydrogen atom is 13.6 eV, it also means that the ionization potential of the hydrogen atom is also 13.6 eV.
Therefore, If ionization energy of hydrogen atom is 13.6 eV then its ionization potential will be 13.6 eV
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A reaction rate increases by a factor of 500. in the presence of a catalyst at 37oC. The activation energy of the original pathway is 106 kJ/mol. What is the activation energy of the new pathway, all other factor being equal
Answer:
[tex]E_2=999984KJ/mole[/tex]
Explanation:
From the question we are told that:
Factor [tex]dK=500[/tex]
Temperature [tex]T=37 C=310k[/tex]
Activation energy [tex]E=10^6kJ/mol[/tex]
Generally the Arhenius equation is mathematically given by
[tex]ln \frac{K_2}{K_1}=\frac{ E_1-E_2}{RT}[/tex]
Where
[tex]\frac{K_2}{K_1}=500[/tex]
[tex]ln 500=\frac{ 10^6-10^3-E_2}{8.314*310}[/tex]
[tex]E_2=999984KJ/mole[/tex]
The activation energy of the new reaction is 105.99 kJ/mol.
Using the Arrhenius equation;
ln(k2/k1) = -Ea2/RT2 + Ea1/RT1
Now, from the information in the question;
k2/k1 = 500
Ea = ?
R = 8.314 JKmol-1
T2 = 37oC + 273 = 310 K
T1 = 37oC + 273 = 310 K
Substituting values;
ln (500) =- Ea2 + Ea1
6.2 = -Ea2 + 106 × 10^3 J
Ea = 106 × 10^3 J - 6.2
Ea = 105.99 × 10^3 J or 105.99 kJ/mol
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The first step of electrophilic aromatic substitution involves the formation of the arenium ion intermediate.
a. True
b. Fasle
Answer:
True
Explanation:
Aromatic compounds undergo substitution rather than addition reactions because the aromatic structure is maintained.
Electrophilic aromatic substitution begins with attack of the electrophile on the aromatic ring to yield a delocalized intermediate called the arenium intermediate. Loss of hydrogen from this intermediate yields the final product.
Five kg of carbon dioxide (CO2) gas undergoes a process in a well-insulated piston-cylinder assembly from 2 bar, 280 K to 20 bar, 520 K. If the carbon dioxide behaves as an ideal gas, determine the amount of entropy produced, in kJ/K.
This question is incomplete, the complete question is;
Five kg of carbon dioxide (CO2) gas undergoes a process in a well-insulated piston-cylinder assembly from 2 bar, 280 K to 20 bar, 520 K. If the carbon dioxide behaves as an ideal gas, determine the amount of entropy produced, in kJ/K. Assuming;
a) constant specific heats Cp = 0.939 kJ/Kg K
b) variable specific heats
Answer:
a) the amount of entropy produced is 0.731599 kJ/K
b) the amount of entropy produced is 0.69845 kJ/K
Explanation:
Given the data in the question;
5 kg of carbon dioxide (CO₂) gas undergoes a process in a well-insulated piston-cylinder assembly.
m = 5 kg
Molar mass M = 44.01 g/mol
P₁ = 2 bar, P₂ = 20
T₁ = 280 K, P₂ = 520 K
Since its insulated { q = 0 } ( kinetic and potential energy effects = 0 )
Now,
a) the amount of entropy produced, in kJ/K, Assuming constant specific heats with Cp = 0.939 kJ/Kg K
S[tex]_{Generation[/tex] = m × ((Cp × In( T₂/T₁) - R × In( P₂/p₁ ))
we substitute
S[tex]_{Generation[/tex] = 5 × (( 0.939 × In( 520/280) - 0.1889 × In( 20/2 ))
= 5 × ( 0.5812778 - 0.434958 )
= 5 × 0.1463198
= 0.731599 kJ/K
Therefore, the amount of entropy produced is 0.731599 kJ/K
b) the amount of entropy produced, in kJ/K, Assuming variable specific heats.
Now, from Table A-23: Ideal Gas Properties of Selected Gases;
T₁,T₂ : s₁⁰ = 211.376 kJ/kmol-K, s₂⁰ = 236.575 kJ/kmol-K
now, s₁ = s₁⁰ / M and s₂ = s₂⁰ / M
we substitute
s₁ = s₁⁰ / M = 211.376 / 44.01 = 4.8029 kJ/kg
s₂ = s₂⁰ / M = 236.575 / 44.01 = 5.37548 kJ/kg
S[tex]_{Generation[/tex] = m × (( s₂ - s₁ ) - R × In( p₂ / p₁ ))
we substitute
S[tex]_{Generation[/tex] = 5 × (( 5.37548 - 4.8029 ) - 0.1880 × In( 20 / 2 ))
= 5 × ( 0.57258 - 0.432885997 )
= 5 × 0.13969
= 0.69845 kJ/K
Therefore, the amount of entropy produced is 0.69845 kJ/K
I don’t know what Ksp and Kf are stand for?
Answer:
Sorry but I know only what ksf stand for
Explanation:
Ksf stand for solubility product constant
Answer:
ksp stands for solubility product constant .
kf stands for molal freezing point depression constant ..
Explanation:
KSP = The solubility product constant, Ksp, is the equilibrium constant for a solid substance dissolving in an aqueous solution. It represents the level at which a solute dissolves in solution. The more soluble a substance is, the higher the Ksp value it has .
KF = Kf is a constant for a given solvent. Kf is called the molal freezing point depression constant and represents how many degrees the freezing point of the solvent will change when 1.00 mole of a nonvolatile nonionizing (nondissociating) solute dissolves in one kilogram of solvent.
The products of nuclear reaction usually have a different mass than the reactants why?
Answer:
Explanation:
The best way to explain this is to use an example
[tex]I\frac{125}{53} + e \frac{0}{-1} ====> Te\frac{125}{52}[/tex]
You have to understand what happened. A electron was shot into the nucleus of the Iodine. That electron change the entire composition of the nucleus resulting in 52 protons. The mass remained the same (125) but the nucleus was altered. The chemical became 125 52 Tellurium. But what is important is that it takes a tremendous amount of energy to disrupt a nucleus, and a new chemical is born from that disruption.
12.39 HBr can be added to alkenes in either the absence or presence of peroxides (producing either the Markovnikov or the anti-Markovnikov addition product). What intermediates leading to the formation of the major product are observed when 1-butene is treated with 1) HBr or 2) HBr/peroxides
Answer:
See explanation and image attached
Explanation:
The reaction of HBr with 1-butene is an addition reaction. The HBr adds across the double bond to yield a saturated halogenoalkane.
In the absence of peroxides, the reaction proceeds in accordance with Markovnikov rule which states that;''the negative part of the addendum, is attached to the carbon atom with the least number of hydrogen atoms attached.'' This occurs in the first reaction shown in the image.
In the presence of peroxides, the reaction proceeds in an anti-Markovnikov manner to yield the product shown in the second reaction.
Avogradro's number is the number of particles in one gram of carbon- 12 atom true or false?
Answer:
True
Explanation:
The value of the mole is equal to the number of atoms in exactly 12 grams of pure carbon-12. 12.00 g C-12 = 1 mol C-12 atoms = 6.022 × 1023 atoms • The number of particles in 1 mole is called Avogadro's Number (6.0221421 x 1023).
What is the molecular formula of following show how it is done.1 nitric acid 2 Sulphuric acid 3 Methane 4 Potassium oxide 5 Silver chloride 6 Limestone . Answer it ASAP.Thank u
Answer:
1.HNO₃
Nitric acid is a nitrogen oxoacid of formula HNO3 in which the nitrogen atom is bonded to a hydroxy group and by equivalent bonds to the remaining two oxygen atoms.
2.H₂SO₄
3.CH₄
Methane (US: , UK: ) is a chemical compound with the chemical formula CH4 (one atom of carbon and four atoms of hydrogen). It is a group-14 hydride and the simplest alkane and is the main constituent of natural gas.
4.K₂O
5.AgCl
6.CaCO3
Limestone consists of calcium carbonate, which has the chemical formula CaCO3. Limestone exists in sedimentary and crystalline form.
Explanation:
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Calculate the mass of water produced when 7.49 g of butane reacts with excess oxygen.
Answer:
[tex]m_{H_2O}=12.9gH_2O[/tex]
Explanation:
Hey there!
In this case, according to the given information, it turns out possible for us to solve this problem by firstly writing out the reaction whereby butane is combusted in the presence of excess oxygen:
[tex]2C_4H_{10}+13O_2\rightarrow 8CO_2+10H_2O[/tex]
Thus, we can evidence a 2:10 mole ratio of butane to water, and thus, the stoichiometric setup to calculate the mass of produced water is:
[tex]m_{H_2O}=7.49gC_4H_{10}*\frac{1molC_4H_{10}}{52.12gC_4H_{10}} *\frac{10molH_2O}{2molC_4H_{10}}*\frac{18.02gH_2O}{1molH_2O}\\\\m_{H_2O}=12.9gH_2O[/tex]
Regards!
cesium-131 has a half life of 9.7 days. what percent of a cesium-131 sample remains after 60 days?
Explanation:
From the question given above, the following data were obtained:
Half-life (t½) = 9.7 days
Time (t) = 60 days
Percentage remaining after 60 days =?Next, we shall determine the number of half-lives that has elapsed. This can be obtained as follow:
Half-life (t½) = 9.7 days
Time (t) = 60 days
Number of half-lives (n) =?
n = t / t½
n = 60 / 9.7Finally, we shall determine the percentage remaining. This can be obtained as follow:
Let the original amount be N₀
Let the amount remaining be N
Number of half-lives (n) = 60 / 9.7
N = N₀ / 2ⁿ
Divide both side by N₀
N/N₀ = 1/2ⁿ
N/N₀ = 1 / 2⁽⁶⁰÷⁹•⁷⁾
N/N₀ = 0.0137
Multiply by 100 to express in percentage
N/N₀ = 0.0137 × 100
N/N₀ = 1.37%Therefore, the percentage remaining after 60 days is 1.37%
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At what velocity (m/s) must a 20.0g object be moving in order to possess a kinetic energy of 1.00J
Answer:
10 ms-1
Explanation:
Kinetic energy = 1/2 × m × v^2
1 = 1/2× 20 ×10^ -3 × v^2
v ^ 2 = 100
v = 10 ms-1
note : convert grams in to kg before substitution as above
Given:
Kinetic energy,
K.E = 1.00 JMass,
m = 20.0 gWe know the formula,
→ [tex]K.E = \frac{1}{2} mv^2[/tex]
By putting the values, we get
[tex]1 = \frac{1}{2}\times 20\times 10^{-3}\times (v)^2[/tex]
[tex]v^2 = 100[/tex]
[tex]v = \sqrt{100}[/tex]
[tex]v = 10 \ m/s[/tex]
Thus the above response is correct.
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When the equation,
O2 + __C 10H 22 →
CO2 +
H2O is balanced, the coefficient of O2 is?
Please help!
Two flasks are connected by a closed valve. One contains gas particles and the other contains a vacuum. If the valve is opened such that the particles move until they fill both flasks, the process by which the particles can reconvene entirely in one of the flasks is:
Answer: The process by which the particles can reconvene entirely in one of the flasks is: NONSPONTANEOUS.
Explanation:
The spontaneity of a process can affect the distribution of energy and matter within the system. Different chemical or physical processes have the natural tendency to occur in one direction under a given set of conditions. For example:
--> when water is pour down a hill it naturally flows down but it requires outside energy maybe from a water pump to flow up the hill and ,
--> during an iron rust, iron that is exposed to atmosphere will corrode, but rust is not converted to iron without intentional chemical treatment.
Therefore, a spontaneous process is one that occurs naturally under certain conditions. While a NONSPONTANEOUS process, on the other hand, will not take place unless it is initiated by the continual input of energy from an outside source. A process that is spontaneous in one direction under a particular set of conditions is nonspontaneous in the REVERSE direction.
From the two flasks that where connected through a valve, once the valve was opened, the gas spontaneously becomes evenly distributed between the flasks. To reverse this, it would require an external energy making the reconvening of the particles back to the first flask a NONSPONTANEOUS PROCESS .
1. Metallic strontium crystallizes in a face-centered cubic lattice, with one Sr atom per lattice point. If the edge length of the unit cell is found to be 608 pm, what is the metallic radius of Sr in pm?
2. The substance beta manganese is found to crystallize in a cubic lattice, with an edge length of 630.0 pm. If the density of solid beta manganese is 7.297 g/cm3, how many Mn atoms are there per unit cell?
Answer:
[tex]r=215pm[/tex]
[tex]N_{Mn}=20[/tex]
Explanation:
From the question we are told that:
Edge length of the unit cell [tex]l=608pm[/tex]
a)
Generally the equation for The relationship between edge length and radius is mathematically given by
[tex]4r=\sqrt{2a}[/tex]
Therefore
[tex]4r=\sqrt{2*608}[/tex]
[tex]r=\frac{\sqrt{2*608}}{4}[/tex]
[tex]r=215pm[/tex]
b)
From the question we are told that:
Density [tex]\rho=7.297[/tex]
Edge length of [tex]l=630.0 pm=>630*10^-{10}[/tex]
Therefore Volume is given as
[tex]V=l^3[/tex]
[tex]V=630*10^-{10}^3[/tex]
[tex]V=2.50047*10^{−22}[/tex]
Generally the equation for Mass is mathematically given by
[tex]m=Volume*density[/tex]
[tex]m=V*\rho[/tex]
[tex]m=2.50047*10^{−22}*7.297[/tex]
[tex]m=1.83*10^{-21}g[/tex]
Therefore Molarity is given as
[tex]n=\frac{M}{Molar M}[/tex]
[tex]n=\frac{1.83*10^{-21}g}{55}[/tex]
[tex]n=3.32*10^{-23}[/tex]
Finally The atoms in a unit cell is
[tex]N_{Mn}=Moles*Avogadro\ constant[/tex]
[tex]N_{Mn}=3.32*10^{-23}*6.023*10^{23}[/tex]
[tex]N_{Mn}=20[/tex]
Arrange the following ions in order of increasing ionic radius.
a. sulfide ion
b. calcium ion
c. phosphide ion
d. potassium ion
Answer:
Ca 2+ <K + <Ar<Cl − <S 2−
Explanation:
Ar,K + ,Cl − ,S 2− ,Ca 2+
have the same number of electrons. Their radii would be different because of their different nuclear charges. The cation with the greater positive charge will have a smaller radius because of the greater attraction of the electrons to the nucleus. Anion with the greater negative charge will have the larger radius. In this case, the net repulsion of the electrons will outweigh the nuclear charge and the ion will expand in size. Hence the correct order will be Ca
2+ <K + <Ar<Cl − <S 2−
How is the rate of a reaction affected when the temperature increases?
A. The rate decreases because the reactant particles move too
quickly to react.
B. The rate increases because the equilibrium constant increases.
C. The rate increases because the reactant particles collide more
often.
D. The rate decreases because the products reform the reactants more quickly
more quickly.
The rate of reaction increases when the temperature increases because the reactant particles collide more often and the correct option is option C.
What is Rate of reaction?
The rate of reaction refers to the speed at which the products are formed from the reactants in a chemical reaction. It gives some insight into the time frame under which a reaction can be completed.
The rate or speed of reaction can be defined as the change in the concentration of any one of the reactants or products per unit time.
The rate is higher at higher temperatures because colliding particles will have the required activation energy at high temperature and more successful collisions will take place.
Therefore, The rate of reaction increases when the temperature increases because the reactant particles collide more often and the correct option is option C.
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The graph below shows how the temperature and volume of a gas vary when
the number of moles and the pressure of the gas are held constant. What
happens to the
temperature of a gas as its volume increases?
A. The temperature decreases
B. The temperature increases
C. The temperature remains the same.
D. The temperature doubles.
Answer:
C
Explanation:
because it remains the same
Determine the value of the equilibrium constant for the following reaction, where the following amounts of each species are present at equilibrium in a 5.00 L container: 1.34 mol HCl, 4.30 mol O2, 30 g H2O, and 2.42 mol Cl2.
4 HCl(g) O2(g) ----> 2 H2O(l) 2 Cl2(g)
Explanation:
here's the answer to your question about
