Choose one of the technologies for altering the genetic code of organisms to focus
Selective Breeding
Natural Selection
Genetic Engineering
Gene Therapy
Assignment: Write a paragraph answering the following questions:

Which technology was chosen?
Explain how this technology alters the genetic code.
Explain the benefits of using this technology.
Explain the possible challenges of using this technology.
Remember to write in 3rd person, complete sentences

Answer:

Explanation:

enetic engineering, the artificial manipulation, modification, and recombination of DNA or other nucleic acid molecules in order to modify an organism or population of organisms. The term genetic engineering is generally used to refer to methods of recombinant DNA technology, which emerged from basic research in microbial genetics. The techniques employed in genetic engineering have led to the production of medically important products, including human insulin, human growth hormone, and hepatitis B vaccine, as well as to the development of genetically modified organisms such as disease-resistant plants.

Historical developments

The term genetic engineering initially referred to various techniques used for the modification or manipulation of organisms through the processes of heredity and reproduction. As such, the term embraced both artificial selection and all the interventions of biomedical techniques, among them artificial insemination, in vitro fertilization (e.g., “test-tube” babies), cloning, and gene manipulation. In the latter part of the 20th century, however, the term came to refer more specifically to methods of recombinant DNA technology (or gene cloning), in which DNA molecules from two or more sources are combined either within cells or in vitro and are then inserted into host organisms in which they are able to propagate.

The possibility for recombinant DNA technology emerged with the discovery of restriction enzymes in 1968 by Swiss microbiologist Werner Arber. The following year American microbiologist Hamilton O. Smith purified so-called type II restriction enzymes, which were found to be essential to genetic engineering for their ability to cleave a specific site within the DNA (as opposed to type I restriction enzymes, which cleave DNA at random sites). Drawing on Smith’s work, American molecular biologist Daniel Nathans helped advance the technique of DNA recombination in 1970–71 and demonstrated that type II enzymes could be useful in genetic studies. Genetic engineering based on recombination was pioneered in 1973 by American biochemists Stanley N. Cohen and Herbert W. Boyer, who were among the first to cut DNA into fragments, rejoin different fragments, and insert the new genes into E. coli bacteria, which then reproduced.

Process and techniques

Most recombinant DNA technology involves the insertion of foreign genes into the plasmids of common laboratory strains of bacteria. Plasmids are small rings of DNA; they are not part of the bacterium’s chromosome (the main repository of the organism’s genetic information). Nonetheless, they are capable of directing protein synthesis, and, like chromosomal DNA, they are reproduced and passed on to the bacterium’s progeny. Thus, by incorporating foreign DNA (for example, a mammalian gene) into a bacterium, researchers can obtain an almost limitless number of copies of the inserted gene. Furthermore, if the inserted gene is operative (i.e., if it directs protein synthesis), the modified bacterium will produce the protein specified by the foreign DNA.

A subsequent generation of genetic engineering techniques that emerged in the early 21st century centred on gene editing. Gene editing, based on a technology known as CRISPR-Cas9, allows researchers to customize a living organism’s genetic sequence by making very specific changes to its DNA. Gene editing has a wide array of applications, being used for the genetic modification of crop plants and livestock and of laboratory model organisms (e.g., mice).

The correction of genetic errors associated with disease in animals suggests that gene editing has potential applications in gene therapy for humans. Gene therapy is the introduction of a normal gene into an individual’s genome in order to repair a mutation that causes a genetic disease. When a normal gene is inserted into a mutant nucleus, it most likely will integrate into a chromosomal site different from the defective allele; although this may repair the mutation, a new mutation may result if the normal gene integrates into another functional gene. If the normal gene replaces the mutant allele, there is a chance that the transformed cells will proliferate and produce enough normal gene product for the entire body to be restored to the undiseased phenotype.

Applications

Genetic engineering has advanced the understanding of many theoretical and practical aspects of gene function and organization. Through recombinant DNA techniques, bacteria have been created that are capable of synthesizing human insulin, human growth hormone, alpha interferon, a hepatitis B vaccine, and other medically useful substances. Plants may be genetically adjusted to enable them to fix nitrogen, and genetic diseases can possibly be corrected by replacing dysfunctional genes with normally functioning genes.

Which of the following is (are) true for alleles?

They can be dominant or recessive.
They can be dominant or recessive.

They can represent alternative forms of a gene
They can represent alternative forms of a gene

They can be identical or different for any given gene in a somatic cell.
They can be identical or different for any given gene in a somatic cell.

Only A and B are correct.
Only A and B are correct.

A, B, and C are correct.

What is the signal that the protein
chain is
complete?

Which of the following is an example of an animal using pheromones? ​

Describe how the food molecules that an organism eats can become part of that organism.
Type your answer here:

How is inertia taking place if a penny is at rest?

1
2
3
4
8
7
6 7 8 9 10 11 12
13 14 15
16 17 18
19
20
21 22 XY

The cell was taken from a man and not from a woman.
How can you tell?

inflammation of the lining of the urethra is called

distinguish between bone and cartilage

is like the walls of a city

Which term refers to a solution with a higher solute concentration outside the cell than inside the cell?

Amber is a solid material
used in jewelry. It forms in nature only by the
process of pine tree resin hardening. Explain
why you think amber is or is not a mineral.

why is drinking water more important than eating food??(+3+)​

Explain what happens when dry apricots are left for some time in in a salt solution.(2)

Name 3 types of matter (element/mineral) that can be recycled from one organist to another

The common carotid arteries branch directly off of the aorta. true or false

What might cause a plant to work its way through a dark maze?

seeing danger

none of these answers

the smell of food

the stimulus of light

Most of the damage done by hurricanes is caused by:.

Hurry answer!

All the questions are in the green box

Urine formed in the pyramids must flow within the kidney to the ureter. Which structure is not part of the transport path within the kidney that carries urine to the ureter?.

The control and coordination of the human body is called what?
a. Cell division
b. Regulation
c. Growth
d. Nutrition

How can scientists learn about the mantle if they cannot study it directly?

Mika has One Direction of ______, so it breaks into sheets.

In the diagram below of a human skeleton, what is the name of the bone
labeled G?

A. Scapula
B. Sternum
C. Clavicle
D. Ulna

How does sickle cell anemia affect the nervous system?.

Which type of adaptation is exhibited by sandhill cranes flying north for the summer?

Matter is the ability to cause change.
True or false

The carbon dioxide of respiration is formed during.

which will most likely alter the ph of rain?
a. burning fossil fuels
b. using hydroelectric plants
c. using nuclear power plants
d. creating ethanol from biomass

The ESA only protects the actual species listed for protection and does not include their habitat. True False

where does each strand of DNA from the parent molecule end up?​