Calculate the mass of isoborneol in 2.5 mmol of isoborneol and the theoretical yield (in grams) of camphor from that amount of isoborneol
isoborneol = 154.25 g mol?1
Camphor, Molar mass = 152.23 g/mol

Answer: The mass of [tex]PH_3[/tex] produced is 45.22 g

Explanation:

Limiting reagent is defined as the reagent which is completely consumed in the reaction and limits the formation of the product.

Excess reagent is defined as the reagent which is left behind after the completion of the reaction.

The number of moles is defined as the ratio of the mass of a substance to its molar mass. The equation used is:

[tex]\text{Number of moles}=\frac{\text{Given mass}}{\text{Molar mass}}[/tex] ......(1)

Given mass of [tex]P_4[/tex] = 62.0 g

Molar mass of [tex]P_4[/tex] = 124 g/mol

Putting values in equation 1, we get:

[tex]\text{Moles of }P_4=\frac{62.0g}{124g/mol}=0.516mol[/tex]

Given mass of [tex]H_2[/tex] = 4.00 g

Molar mass of [tex]H_2[/tex] = 2 g/mol

Putting values in equation 1, we get:

[tex]\text{Moles of }H_2=\frac{4.0g}{2g/mol}=2mol[/tex]

The chemical equation follows:

[tex]P_4(g)+6H_2(g)\rightarrow 4PH_3(g)[/tex]

By stoichiometry of the reaction:

If 6 moles of hydrogen gas reacts with 1 mole of [tex]P_4[/tex]

So, 2 moles of hydrogen gas will react with = [tex]\frac{1}{6}\times 2=0.333mol[/tex] of [tex]P_4[/tex]

As the given amount of [tex]P_4[/tex] is more than the required amount. Thus, it is present in excess and is considered as an excess reagent.

Thus, hydrogen gas is considered a limiting reagent because it limits the formation of the product.

By the stoichiometry of the reaction:

If 6 moles of [tex]H_2[/tex] produces 4 mole of [tex]PH_3[/tex]

So, 2 moles of [tex]H_2[/tex] will produce = [tex]\frac{4}{6}\times 2=1.33mol[/tex] of [tex]PH_3[/tex]

We know, molar mass of [tex]PH_3[/tex] = 34 g/mol

Putting values in equation 1, we get:

[tex]\text{Mass of }PH_3=(1.33mol\times 34g/mol)=45.22g[/tex]

Hence, the mass of [tex]PH_3[/tex] produced is 45.22 g

Answer:

See explanation

Explanation:

Mass of water lost = mass of hydrated salt - mass of anhydrous salt

Mass of water lost = 1.973 g - 1.196 g = 0.777g

Number of moles of water lost = 0.777g/18g/mol = 0.043 moles

Number of moles of anhydrous salt = 1.196 g /111g/mol = 0.011 moles

To obtain the number of moles of water of crystalization per hydrate molecule;

Number of moles of anhydrous salt = number of moles of hydrated salt

0.011 = 1.973 /111 + 18x

0.011(111 + 18x) = 1.973

1.221 + 0.198x = 1.973

0.198x = 1.973 - 1.221

x= 4

Hence, there are 4 moles of water per hydrate molecule. The formula of the hydrate is CaCl2.4H2O

Answer:

Part A

HCOOH(aq) + NaOH(aq) → HCOONa(aq) + H2O(l)

Part B

ClCH2CH2CO2H(aq) + NaOH(aq) ------> ClCH2CH2CO2Na(aq) + H2O(l)

Explanation:

The reaction between an alkanoic acid and a base is a neutralization reaction. The reaction occurs as follows;

RCOOH + NaOH ----> RCOONa + H2O

We have to note the fact that the net ionic reaction still remains;

H^+(aq) + OH^-(aq) ---> H2O(l)

In both cases, the reaction can occur and they actually do occur as written.

Answer:

catenation

Explanation:

Carbon atoms have four electrons to share in bonding environments to get to the ideal octet. To do this, it bonds with other carbon molecules, called catenation. Catenation is the ability of an atom to bond and share electrons with other atoms of its kind.

Answer:

A

Explanation:

it increase the rate of reaction when necessary

The chemical change that is  responsible for producing the heat that maintains the temperature of your body is metabolism.

Chemical changes are defined as changes which occur when a substance combines with another substance to form a new substance.Alternatively, when a substance breaks down or decomposes to give new substances it is also considered to be a chemical change.

There are several characteristics of chemical changes like change in color, change in state , change in odor and change in composition . During chemical change there is also formation of precipitate an insoluble mass of substance or even evolution of gases.

There are three types of chemical changes:

1) inorganic changes

2)organic changes

3) biochemical changes

During chemical changes atoms are rearranged and changes are accompanied by an energy change as new substances are formed.

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Answer:

Ethyn gas ( acetylene gas )

Explanation:

All group II carbides react with water to form ethyn gas apart from beryllium which produces methane gas.

[tex]{ \sf{CaC_{2(s)} + 2H _{2} O_{(l)} → Ca(OH) _{2(s)} + C _{2} H _{2(g)} }}[/tex]

Answer:

[tex]\boxed {\boxed {\sf 0.078 \ L }}[/tex]

Explanation:

We are asked to find the volume of a solution given the moles of solute and molarity.

Molarity is a measure of concentration in moles per liter. It is calculated using the following formula:

[tex]molarity= \frac{moles \ of \ solute}{liters \ of \ solution}[/tex]

We know there are 0.14 moles of potassium chloride (KCl), which is the solute. The molarity of the solution is 1.8 molar or 1.8 moles of potassium chloride per liter.

Substitute these values/variables into the formula.

[tex]1.8 \ mol \ KCl/ L = \frac { 0.14 \ mol \ KCl}{x}[/tex]

We are solving for x, so we must isolate the variable. First, cross multiply. Multiply the first numerator and second denominator, then the first denominator and second numerator.

[tex]\frac {1.8 \ mol \ KCl/L}{1} = \frac{0.14 \ mol \ KCl}{x}[/tex]

[tex]1.8 \ mol \ KCl/ L *x = 1*0.14 \ mol \ KCl[/tex]

[tex]1.8 \ mol \ KCl/ L *x = 0.14 \ mol \ KCl[/tex]

Now x is being multiplied by 1.8 moles of potassium chloride per liter. The inverse operation of multiplication is division, so we divide both sides by 1.8 mol KCl/L.

[tex]\frac {1.8 \ mol \ KCl/ L *x}{1.8 \ mol \ KCl/L} = \frac{0.14 \ mol \ KCl}{1.8 \ mol \ KCl/L}[/tex]

[tex]x= \frac{0.14 \ mol \ KCl}{1.8 \ mol \ KCl/L}[/tex]

The units of moles of potassium chloride cancel.

[tex]x= \frac{0.14 }{1.8 L}[/tex]

[tex]x=0.07777777778 \ L[/tex]

The original measurements of moles and molarity have 2 significant figures, so our answer must have the same. For the number we found, that is the thousandth place. The 7 in the ten-thousandth place tells us to round the 7 up to a 8.

[tex]x \approx 0.078 \ L[/tex]

There are approximately 0.078 liters of solution.

Answer

Accordingly the order of electronegativity of the given elements would be: Fluorine > Chlorine > Bromine > Iodine. ( Fluorine has the highest electronegativity.)

Solution :

We know that :

[tex]$\Delta T_f = k_f.m$[/tex]  and   [tex]$m=\frac{w_2}{m_2 \times w_1}$[/tex]

Then, [tex]$\Delta T_f = k_f.\frac{w_2}{m_2.w_1}$[/tex]   ..................(1)

Where,

[tex]w_1[/tex] = amount of solvent (in kg)

[tex]w_2[/tex] = amount of solute (in kg)

[tex]m_2[/tex] = molar mass of solute (g/mole)

[tex]m[/tex] = molality of solution (mole/kg)

Given :

[tex]\Delta T_f[/tex] = [tex]3.14\ ^\circ C[/tex],   [tex]k_f= 5.12\ ^\circ C/m[/tex]

                              [tex]=5.12 \ ^\circ C/mole/kg[/tex]

                              [tex]=5.12 \ ^\circ C \ kg/mole[/tex]

[tex]w_1[/tex] = 0.250 kg,  [tex]w_2[/tex] = 24.3 g

Then putting this values in the equation is (1),

[tex]$3.14 = \frac{5.12 \times 24.3}{m_2 \times 0.250}$[/tex]

[tex]$m_2 = \frac{5.12 \times 24.3}{3.14 \times 0.250}$[/tex]

[tex]m_2= 158.49[/tex]  g/mole

So, the molar mass of the unknown compound is 158.49 g/mole.

Answer:

A. 3.04×10^-19J

Explanation:

Hope this will help you.

Answer:

56.5J

Explanation:

To find the heat energy required use the formula for the specific heat capacity which is

c=quantity of heat/mass×change in temperature

in this question c is 0.226j/g,the mass is 50g and the change in temperature is 30-25=5

therefore

0.226=Q/50×5

Q=0.226×250

=56.5J

I hope this helps

Answer:

the % yield is 82%

Explanation:

Given the data in the question,

we know that;

Molar mass of benzil is 210.23 g·mol−1

Molar mass of dibenzyl ketone is 210.27 g·mol−1

Molar mass of tetraphenylcyclopentadienone is 384.5 g·mol−1

Now,

2.0 g benzil = 2 g / 210.23 g·mol−1 = 0.0095 mole

2.2 g dibenzyl ketone = 2.2 / 210.27 = 0.0105 mole

3.0 g of tetraphenylcyclopentadienone = 3 / 384.5  = 0.0078 mole

Now, the limiting reagent is benzil. 0.0095 mole can reacts wiyh 0.0095 mole of dibenzyl ketone

percentage yield = ( 0.0078 mole / 0.0095 mole ) × 100%

= 0.82 × 100%

= 82%

Therefore, the % yield is 82%

Answer:

a) The energy transferred is 6.91 kJ

b) The internal energy is 4.90 kJ

c) The work done on the gas is - 2.01 kJ

Explanation:

Step 1: Data given

Number of moles of hydrogen gas = 2.00 moles

Pressure = constant

Temperature is heated from 294 K to 414 K

Molar heat capacity of hydrogen gas = 28.8 J/mol*K

Step 2: Calculate the energy transferred to the gas by heat.

Q = n* Cp * ΔT

⇒with Q =the energy transferred

⇒with n = the number of moles = 2.00 moles

⇒with Cp = the Molar heat capacity of hydrogen gas = 28.8 J/mol*K

⇒ with ΔT = Temperature 2 - Temperature 1 = 414 - 294 = 120K

Q = 2.00 * 28.8 * 120

Q = 6912 J = 6.91 kJ

Step 3: Calculate the increase in its internal energy.

ΔEint = n*Cv*ΔT

⇒with ΔEint = the increase in its internal energy.

⇒with n = the number of moles = 2.00 moles

⇒with Cv = The constant volume = 20.4 J/mol*K

⇒with  ΔT = Temperature 2 - Temperature 1 = 414 - 294 = 120K

ΔEint = 2.00 * 20.4 * 120

ΔEint =4896 J = 4.90 kJ

Step 4: Calculate the work done on the gas.

Work done on the gas = -Q + ΔEint

W = -6.91 kJ + 4.90 kJ

W = -2.01 kJ

Explanation:

here's the answer. I just plug the expression into my calculator and find the intercept to avoid the quadratic formula

Answer:

Quantization is the process of constraining an input from a continuous or otherwise large set of values (such as the real numbers) to a discrete set (such as the integers).

Explanation:

Quantization refers to the situation where an electromagnetic field consists of discrete energy parcels, photons.

In Chemistry , the concept that a system cannot have any possible energy value but instead is limited to certain specific energy values (states). This states depend on the specific system in question.

Under this system, Energy could be gained or lost only in integral multiples of some smallest unit of energy, a quantum (the smallest possible unit of energy).

Hence, Quantization refers to the situation where an electromagnetic field consists of discrete energy parcels, photons.

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Answer:

D

Explanation:

We have to bear in mind that the acid is a weak acid. A weak acid does not dissociate completely in solution. We will have more concentration of undissociated acid than A^- and H3O^+ and OH^- in the system at equilibrium.

Being a weak acid, there is maximum concentration of water molecules followed by that of undissiociated acid.

Hence, for this solution, the concentration of ions in solution follows the order;

[H2O] > [HA] > [A-] ~ [H3O ] > [OH-]

Answer:

c. 29 J

Explanation:

Step 1: Given data

Step 2: Calculate the temperature change

ΔT = 37 °C - 22 °C = 15 °C

Step 3: Calculate the heat (Q) required to raise the temperature of the lead piece

We will use the following expression.

Q = c × m × ΔT

Q = 0.13 J/g.°C × 15 g × 15 °C = 29 J

The nature of attack on sites in a molecule depends on the nature of such sites. The following are the nature of the sites mentioned in the question:

1) The indicated carbon in compound A is electrophilic.

2) The indicated bond in compound B is nucleophilic.

3) The indicated carbon in compound C is electrophilic.

4) The indicated carbon in compound D is neither electrophilic nor nucleophilic.

5) The indicated oxygen in compound E is nucleophilic.

The terms "electrophilic" and "nucleophilic" are very common in chemistry.

An electrophilic center is usually positively charged, has a positive dipole or is electron deficient hence it attacks negative centers. The term itself means "electron loving". That actually means that it has an affinity for negative charges.

The -I inductive effect of the bromine atom in the carbon in compound A makes that carbon atom to be electrophilic. Also, the carbonyl bond and the O C H 3 attached to the carbon in compound C also makes it electrophilic.

The term "nucleophilic" literately means "nucleus loving". That means a specie that has a high affinity for positive charges. This specie must be electron rich.

The carbon atom in compound B has a double bond which is electron rich and can attack any positive center hence it is nucleophilic. Also, the oxygen atom in E bears two lone pairs of electrons which can attack any positive center in a molecule hence the oxygen atom is also nucleophilic.

In compound D, the carbon atom is bonded to a methyl, two hydrogens and a carbon. There is a nitrogen atom two bonds away. There is no +I or -I inductive effect on this carbon atom because the nitrogen atom is far away. Therefore, the indicated carbon in compound D is neither electrophilic nor nucleophilic.

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Answer:

A molecular formula consists of the chemical symbols for the constituent elements followed by numeric subscripts describing the number of atoms of each element present in the molecule.

Answer:

information is missing

Explanation

reaction is needed to solve the problem

Answer:

XCH₄ = 0.461

XCO₂ = 0.539

Explanation:

Step 1: Given data

Step 2: Calculate the total pressure in the container

We will sum both partial pressures.

P = pCH₄ + pCO₂

P = 431 mmHg + 504 mmHg = 935 mmHg

Step 3: Calculate the mole fraction of each gas

We will use the following expression.

Xi = pi / P

XCH₄ = pCH₄/P = 431 mmHg/935 mmHg = 0.461

XCO₂ = pCO₂/P = 504 mmHg/935 mmHg = 0.539

Answer:

A chemical bond is a lasting attraction between atoms, ions or molecules that enables the formation of chemical compounds. The bond may result from the electrostatic force of attraction between oppositely charged ions as in ionic bonds or through the sharing of electrons as in covalent bonds.

Explanation:

You have to put energy into a molecule to break its chemical bonds. The amount needed is called the bond energy. After all, molecules don't spontaneously break

Answer:

See detailed explanation.

Explanation:

Hey there!

In this case, according to the given information, it turns out possible for us to solve this problem by firstly calculating the moles of each element, assuming those percentages are masses, so that we divide by their molar masses:

[tex]C=\frac{18.63}{12.01}=1.55\\\\H=\frac{1.56}{1.01} =1.55\\\\O=\frac{24.82}{16.00}=1.55\\\\Cl=\frac{54.99}{35.45}=1.55[/tex]

Then, we divide all of them by 1.55 to realize the empirical formula is:

[tex]CHOCl[/tex]

Whose molar mass is 64.47 g/mol, and therefore, since the molar mass of these two is the same, we infer the molecular formula is also CHOCl.

The Lewis structure is shown on the attached document, whereas, the central atom is C and it does complete its octet as well as both O and Cl.

Regards!

Explanation:

Amount of water required in each case:

(a)The mass% of the solution is:9.95

Mass of solute that is urea is 6.80 g

To determine the mass of solvent water use the formula:

[tex]mass percent=\frac{mass of solute}{mass of solution} x 100\\\\9.95=(6.80g/mass of solution )x100\\mass of solution =(6.80 /9.95)x100\\=68.3 g[/tex]

Hence the mass of solvent = mass of solution - the mass of solute

=68.3 g - 6.80g

=61.5 g

Hence, the answer is mass of solvent water required is 61.5 g.

(b) Given mass%=1.70

mass of solute MgBr2 = 29.3 g

The mass of solvent water required can be calculated as shown below:

[tex]mass percent=\frac{mass of solute}{mass of solution} x 100\\\\1.70=(29.3g/mass of solution )x100\\mass of solution =(29.3 g /1.70)x100\\=1720 g[/tex]

The mass of the solution is 1720 g.

Mass of solvent water = mass of solution - mass of solute

=1720 g - 29.3 g

=1690.7 g

Answer: The mass of water required is 1690.7 g.

Answer:

Transition temperature is the temperature at which a substance changes from one state to another.

Allotropy is the existence of an element in many forms.

Answer:

A. Cation

B. Ne

Explanation:

The ion is positively charged by 2, making it a cation.

The electron configuration of the nearest noble gas Neon is 1s22s22p6

1. A monatomic ion with a charge of 2 has an electronic configuration of 1s22s22p6 is Neon.

2. chemical symbol of the noble gas is Kr (krypton).

Isoelectronic atom or ion has the same number of valence electrons. Krypton has 36 electrons and 36 protons (atomic number 36).

Neon is a chemical element with the symbol Ne and atomic number 10. It is a noble gas. Neon is a colorless, odorless, inert monatomic gas under standard conditions, with about two-thirds the density of air. It was discovered (along with krypton and xenon) in 1898 as one of the three residual rare inert elements remaining in dry air after nitrogen, oxygen, argon, and carbon dioxide were removed. Neon was the second of these three rare gases to be discovered and was immediately recognized as a new element of its bright red emission spectrum. The name neon is derived from the Greek word, the neuter singular form of  (neos), meaning 'new'. Neon is chemically inert, and no uncharged neon compounds are known. The compounds of neon currently known include ionic molecules, molecules held together by van der Waals forces, and clathrates.

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Answer:

[tex]0.175\; \rm mol \cdot L^{-1}[/tex].

Explanation:

Magnesium chloride and silver nitrate reacts at a [tex]2:1[/tex] ratio:

[tex]\rm MgCl_2\, (aq) + 2\, AgNO_3\, (aq) \to Mg(NO_3)_2 \, (aq) + 2\, AgCl\, (s)[/tex].

In reality, the nitrate ion from silver nitrate did not take part in this reaction at all. Consider the ionic equation for this very reaction:

[tex]\begin{aligned}& \rm Mg^{2+} + 2\, Cl^{-} + 2\, Ag^{+} + 2\, {NO_3}^{-} \\&\to \rm Mg^{2+} + 2\, {NO_3}^{-} + 2\, AgCl\, (s)\end{aligned}[/tex].

The precipitate silver chloride [tex]\rm AgCl[/tex] is insoluble in water and barely ionizes. Hence, [tex]\rm AgCl\![/tex] isn't rewritten as ions.

Net ionic equation:

[tex]\begin{aligned}& \rm Ag^{+} + Cl^{-} \to AgCl\, (s)\end{aligned}[/tex].

Calculate the initial quantity of nitrate ions in the mixture.

[tex]\begin{aligned}n(\text{initial}) &= c(\text{initial}) \cdot V(\text{initial}) \\ &= 0.25\; \rm mol \cdot L^{-1} \times 0.150\; \rm L \\ &= 0.0375\; \rm mol \end{aligned}[/tex].

Since nitrate ions [tex]\rm {NO_3}^{-}[/tex] do not take part in any reaction in this mixture, the quantity of this ion would stay the same.

[tex]n(\text{final}) = n(\text{initial}) = 0.0375\; \rm mol[/tex].

However, the volume of the new solution is twice that of the original nitrate solution. Hence, the concentration of nitrate ions in the new solution would be [tex](1/2)[/tex] of the concentration in the original solution.

[tex]\begin{aligned} c(\text{final}) &= \frac{n(\text{final})}{V(\text{final})} \\ &= \frac{0.0375\; \rm mol}{0.300\; \rm L} = 0.175\; \rm mol \cdot L^{-1}\end{aligned}[/tex].

Answer:

0

Explanation:

answer from gauth math