Kc require (aqueous/gaseous) products to be on the numerator and (aqueous/gaseous) reactants to be in the denominator, whereas Ksp will require (aqueous) products to be on the numerator and (aqueous) reactants to be in the denominator. Both require products on top and reactants in the bottom.
K = [products] / [reactants]
Kc is used when a reaction reaches dynamic equilibrium, whereas Ksp is used when an insoluble ionic solid dissolved by a tiny amount in a solution, as well as in determining whether or not a precipitate will form.
Kc can be used to measure equilibrium concentration for all reactions, whereas Ksp is limited to only ionic compounds' solubility.
The decomposition of HI (g) will required the use of Kc since the species are all gaseous, and gases cannot be ionic.
CaCl2 has which bond?
Answer:
CaCl2 has ionic bond because here calcium gives its electron to the chlorine atom and becomes positivetly charged ion.
How long do spent fuel rods remain dangerously radioactive?
Answers
A.
The rods are no longer radioactive because the radioisotopes are used up.
B.
Spent fuel rods remain radioactive for several years after the fuel is exhausted.
C.
It takes tens of thousands of years for the radioisotopes in the rods to decay to safe levels.
D.
It is impossible to determine how long it will take for the radioisotopes to decay because they last too long.
Answer:
c
Explanation:
it takes 10,000 years to just reduce down the decay
a) Define typical polyfunctional acid ?
b) Show the equations of dissociation mechanism of phosphoric acid as an example.
c) Write the equation for calculating the [H3O*].
a) A polyfunctional acid is an acid that has more than one functional group.
b) The equations of dissociation of phosphoric acid are:
H₃PO₄ + H₂O ⇄ H₂PO₄⁻ + H₃O⁺ H₂PO₄⁻ + H₂O ⇄ HPO₄²⁻ + H₃O⁺ HPO₄²⁻ + H₂O ⇄ PO₄³⁻ + H₃O⁺c) The equation for calculating the concentration of H₃O⁺ is [tex] [H_{3}O^{+}] = (\frac{K_{1}K_{2}K_{3}[H_{3}PO_{4}]}{[PO_{4}^{-3}]})^{1/3} [/tex]
a) A polyfunctional acid can be defined as an acid that has more than one functional group. Phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄) is an example of polyfunctional acid since it is composed of three hydroxyl groups joined to a phosphorus atom, which is also joined to an oxygen atom by a double bound. In that structure, the three hydrogen atoms of the hydroxyl groups give the acidic behavior to this compound.
b) Phosphoric acid has three equations of dissociation:
H₃PO₄ + H₂O ⇄ H₂PO₄⁻ + H₃O⁺ (1)H₂PO₄⁻ + H₂O ⇄ HPO₄²⁻ + H₃O⁺ (2)HPO₄²⁻ + H₂O ⇄ PO₄³⁻ + H₃O⁺ (3)The dissociation constants for the three above equations are:
[tex] K_{1} = \frac{[H_{2}PO_{4}^{-}][H_{3}O^{+}]}{[H_{3}PO_{4}]} [/tex] (4)
[tex] K_{2} = \frac{[HPO_{4}^{2-}][H_{3}O^{+}]}{[H_{2}PO_{4}^{-}]} [/tex] (5)
[tex] K_{3} = \frac{[PO_{4}^{3-}][H_{3}O^{+}]}{[HPO_{4}^{2-}]} [/tex] (6)
c) We can calculate the concentration of H₃O⁺ for each equilibrium with the equations (4), (5), and (6).
The general reaction of dissociation of phosphoric acid is given by the sum of equations (1), (2), and (3):
H₃PO₄ + 3H₂O ⇄ PO₄³⁻ + 3H₃O⁺ (7)
The concentration of H₃O⁺ for the total dissociation reaction (eq 7) can be found as follows:
[tex] K_{t} = \frac{[PO_{4}^{-3}][H_{3}O^{+}]^{3}}{[H_{3}PO_{4}]} [/tex] (8)
Where:
[tex] K_{t} = K_{1}*K_{2}*K_{3} [/tex]
Hence, by knowing the dissociation constants K₁, K₂ and K₃, and the concentrations of PO₄³⁻ and H₃PO₄, the [H₃O⁺] is:
[tex][H_{3}O^{+}] = (\frac{K_{1}K_{2}K_{3}[H_{3}PO_{4}]}{[PO_{4}^{-3}]})^{1/3}[/tex]
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Determine the kinds of intermolecular forces that are present in each of the following. Part A Xe Check all that apply. dispersion forces dipole-dipole forces hydrogen bonding Request Answer Part B N2 Check all that apply. dispersion forces dipole-dipole forces hydrogen bonding Request Answer Part C CO Check all that apply. dispersion forces dipole-dipole forces hydrogen bonding Request Answer Part D HF Check all that apply. dispersion forces dipole-dipole forces hydrogen bonding
Answer:
Part A
dispersion forces
Part B
dispersion forces
Part C
dispersion forces
dipole-dipole forces
Part D
dispersion forces
dipole-dipole forces
hydrogen bonding
Explanation:
Dispersion forces occur in all molecules. They result from momentary shifts in the electron cloud of molecules which induces a dipole in another molecule. This induced dipole eventually spreads throughout the molecule.
For Xe which is a noble gas and N2 which is a diatomic molecule, dispersion forces is the only kind of intermolecular force present in the molecule.
CO is a polar molecule hence in addition to dispersion forces, dipole-dipole forces also exist in the molecule.
HF is a polar molecule hence it possesses dipole-dipole forces in addition to dispersion forces. In this molecule, hydrogen is bonded to a highly electronegative atom (fluorine). Hence, hydrogen bonding is a dominant intermolecular interaction in the molecule.
A mixture of gases includes helium, neon, argon and krypton. The partial pressures are as follows:
Partial pressure, mm Hg
He 152
Ne 164
Ar 126
Kr 169
What is the total pressure of the mixture after removing the argon component? Report your answer rounded
to the nearest mm Hg but without units
Answer:
the answer to your question is ar 126
What is an example of an extensive property
instruments that have been soaking in cold sterilization for blank minutes are considered aseptic and can be used during non sterile procedures
a. 60
b. 30
c. 15
d. 10
Answer:
Its C you can check
A reaction has a rate constant of 0.0492 sec-1; how long will it take (in minutes) until 0.433 mol/L of the compound is left, if there was 0.656 mol/L at the start
Answer:
λ(Decay constant) = 0.0492sec-¹
The relationship between Decay Constant and Half life (t½)
λ=0.693/t½
given the decay constant as 0.0492
We can get the Half life
t½ = 0.693/0.0492
t½= 14.09secs.
N = N°(½)ⁿ
Where N= Remaining Amount of the original Compound
N° = Original Amount of compound.
n is simply a tern used to represent the ratio of time taken/half life
In other words
n=t/t½
Given N°=0.656 mol/L
N=0.433mol/L
0.433 = 0.656(½)ⁿ
(½)ⁿ = 0.433/0.656
(½)ⁿ = 0.660
Taking the Natural Log(Ln) of both sides
Ln(½)ⁿ = Ln(0.66)
nLn(½) = -0.4155
n(-0.6931) = -0.4155
n= 0.4155/0.6931
n= 0.5995.
n = time/half life
t = half life x n
t = 14.09 x 0.5995
t = 8.45secs.
A voltaic cell prepared using zinc andiodine has the following cell notation.
Zn(s) | Zn2+(aq) ||I-(aq) | I2(s) |C(graphite)
Which of the following equations correctly represents the balanced,spontaneous, cell reaction?
a. 2I-(aq) +Zn2+(aq) --->I2(s) + Zn(s)
b. I2(s) + Zn(s)---> 2I-(aq) +Zn2+(aq)
c. 2I-(aq) + Zn(s)---> I2(s) +Zn2+(aq)
d. I2(s) +Zn2+(aq) --->2I-(aq) + Zn(s)
e. None of the above, since graphite must be in the equation.
The following equations correctly represents the balanced,spontaneous, cell reaction is option B. I2(s) + Zn(s)---> 2I-(aq) +Zn2+(aq).
The spontaneous cell reaction in a galvanic cell is led by a reduction reaction at the right electrode and a reduction reaction at the left electrode. Oxidation reaction at the left electrode reduction reaction at the right electrode. According to the second law of thermodynamics, all spontaneous processes must increase the entropy of the universe.
The reaction that produces the current in the galvanic cell is spontaneous. In a full-solution galvanic cell, the standard electrode potential for a redox reaction becomes more positive as the reaction proceeds forward in the galvanic cell. This is known as the spontaneous process of the galvanic cell. Reactions with negative values release free energy and are therefore spontaneous. Reactions with positive are not spontaneous and do not favor products.
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What was Thomson's model of the atom called?
A. The oil-drop model
B. The photoelectric model
C. The plum-pudding model
D. The atomic theory model
Where do reactions in a solid generally take place?
A. At the center of the solid.
B. All throughout the solid
C. Only on opposite sides of the solid due to repelling forces.
D. On the surface of the solid.
Answer:
It's D. On the surface of the solid.
Explanation:
If the reactant is a solid, the surface area of the solid will impact how fast the reaction goes. This is because the two types of molecule can only bump into each other at the liquid solid interface, i.e. on the surface of the solid. So the larger the surface area of the solid, the faster the reaction will be.
If you have a polyatomic anion of Ammonium (NH41+), how many valence electrons must your Lewis Structure have?
Answer:
One can draw the 3-dimensional structure of an atom once they have the Lewis Structure of an atom. The 3-dimensional geometrical structure of ammonium, NH4+ is referred to as Tetrahedral. ... But the + sign decrees that NH4+ has 8 valence shell electrons, due to the positive ion.
Explanation:
When KCl dissolves in water:
the Cl- ions are attracted to the partially negative oxygen atoms of the water molecule.
the K+ ions are attracted to Cl- ions on the KCl crystal.
the K+ ions are attracted to the partially positive hydrogen atoms of the water molecule.
the K+ ions are attracted to the partially negative oxygen atoms of the water molecule.
the Cl- ions are attracted to dissolved K+ ions.
Please explain!
This dissociation occur because:
O had to bond with H due to the Hydrogen bonding rule, which will form OH~ (Hydroxide).
K is more attracted to Hydroxide than Cl, so it will depart Cl and bond with OH~.
that leaves a H and a Cl, which one has a positive charge and the other has a negative, so they will bond and form Hydrochloric Acid.
What is the molarity of an HCl solution if 25.0 mL of this solution required 17.80 mL of 0.108 M NaOH to reach the end point in a titration?
Answer:
[tex]\boxed {\boxed {\sf 0.0769 \ M}}[/tex]
Explanation:
We are asked to find the molarity of an acid given the details of a titration experiment. The formula for titration is as follows:
[tex]M_AV_A= M_B V_B[/tex]
In this formula, M is the molarity of the acid or base and V is the volume of the acid or base. The molarity of the hydrochloric acid (HCl) is unknown and the volume is 25.0 milliliters.
[tex]M_A * 25.0 \ mL = M_BV_B[/tex]
The molarity of the sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is 0.108 molar and the volume is 17.80 milliliters.
[tex]M_A * 25.0 \ mL = 0.108 \ M * 17.80 \ mL[/tex]
We are solving for the molarity of the acid and we must isolate the variable [tex]M_A[/tex]. It is being multiplied by 25.0 milliliters. The inverse operation of multiplication is division, so we divide both sides of the equation by 25.0 mL.
[tex]\frac {M_A * 25.0 \ mL }{25.0 \ mL}= \frac{0.108 \ M * 17.80 \ mL }{25.0 \ mL}[/tex]
[tex]M_A= \frac{0.108 \ M * 17.80 \ mL }{25.0 \ mL}[/tex]
The units of milliliters cancel.
[tex]M_A= \frac{0.108 \ M * 17.80 }{25.0 }[/tex]
[tex]M_A= \frac{1.9224}{25.0 } \ M[/tex]
[tex]M_A= 0.076896 \ M[/tex]
The original measurements have 3 and 4 significant figures. We must round our answer to the least number of sig figs, which is 3. For the number we calculated, that is the ten-thousandth place. The 9 to the right of this place tells us to round the 8 up to a 9.
[tex]M_A \approx 0.0769 \ M[/tex]
The molarity of the hydrochloric acid is 0.0769 Molar.
Two methods by which we can conserve water and water the plants.
Answer:
Two methods which help us to conserve water are:
Sprinkler irrigation system: this irrigation has an arrangement of vertical pipes with rotating nozzles on the top. It is more useful in the uneven and sandy land where sufficient water is not available.
Drip irrigation system: this irrigation system has an arrangement of pipes or tubes with very small holes in them to water plants drop by drop just at the base of the root. It is very efficient as water is not wasted at all.
Why does the temperature stop rising while ice melts into water?
A. The temperature does not stop rising.
B. The electrons are increasing in energy levels.
C. Because no more heat is being added to the system.
D. The energy is being absorbed to separate the particles.
Answer:
When you heat ice, its temperature rises, but as soon as the ice starts to melt, the temperature stays constant until all the ice has melted. This happens because all the heat energy goes into breaking the bonds of the ice's crystal lattice structure.
Explanation:
The temperature stop rising while ice melts into water because, the energy is being absorbed to separate the particles. This is because of latent heat of fusion.
What is latent heat of fusion?The amount of energy needed to convert the solid substance into a liquid substance by modifying its physical effects. It exists also named enthalpy of fusion. When heat exists supplied to ice, it begins melting and heat is used to increase temperature initially. But after the occasional temperature of ice does not vary and the extra heat exists utilized to melt the ice by cracking bonds between crystal lattice of ice.
The temperature stops increasing while the ice melts into the water because the energy exists being absorbed to divide the particles. This exists because of the latent heat of fusion.
Therefore, (D) option is the correct answer.
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Find the number of ibuprofen molecules in a tablet containing 210.0 mg of ibuprofen (C13H18O2).
Answer:
the answer is 5.83x1020 molecules
Explanation:
I'd really appreciate a brainleast
Which of the following are examples of single replacement reactions? Select all that apply.
Answer:
Na2S(aq)+Cd(No3)2(aq)=CdS(s)+2NaNo3(aq)
Answer: it’s checkbox 2&3
The average bond order is the number of bonds between two atoms taking into account resonance.
a. Draw a Lewis structure for the nitrite ion and answer the questions below.
1. there are equivalent Lewis structures for NO2-.
2. the average N-O bond order is .
b. Draw a Lewis structure for sulfur dioxide and answer the questions below.
1. there are equivalent Lewis structures for SO2.
2. the average S-O bond order is _______.
1. Sulfur dioxide, or SO2 , has two resonance structures which contribute equally to the overall hybrid structure of the molecule. However, a third Lewis structure can be drawn for SO2 which is more stable in theory, but doesn't quite match experimental data.
2.
[tex] \color{red} = \frac{No. \: of \: bonding \: electron \: pairs}{No. \: of \: bonded \: atoms} [/tex]
[tex]In \: each \: resonance \: contributor, \\ there \: are \: six \: bonding \: electron \\ pairs \: and \: four \: atoms \: bonded \\ to \: the \: SS \: atom. \: Thus,[/tex]
[tex]BO = \frac{6}{4} = 1.5
[/tex]
Which is the best interpretation of the two flat portions of the graph?
In those portions, the heat supplied to the substance by the heater does not lead to a temperature rise as intermolecular forces are broken.
When a substance is heated, we normally expect that its temperature will rise as a consequence.
However, heat may be supplied to a substance but its temperature does not rise owing to the fact that the heat energy supplied is used to break intermolecular bonds.
This occurs during fusion and boiling. The heat supplied at these point does not result in temperature rise since it is used to break intermolecular bonds. The temperature remains steady during these processes as shown by the two flat portions on the graph in the image attached to the question. This heat supplied is known as the latent heat.
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Answer:
The answer for me was "These show where changes of state are occuring"
Explanation:
I got it right
At elevated temperatures, hydrogen iodide may decompose to form hydrogen gas and iodine gas, as follows:
2HI(g) ⇌ H2 (g) + I2 (g)
In a particular experiment, the concentrations at equilibrium were measured to be [HI] = 0.85 mol/L, [I2] = 0.60 mol/L, and [H2] = 0.27 mol/L. What is Kc for the above reaction?
Explanation:
Since Kc is
[tex]k = \frac{(products)}{(reactants)} [/tex]
You can insert the Hydrogen and Iodine gas on top, and Hydrogen Iodide in the denominator.
Note: you can only include gases and aqueous species in an equilibrium expression, and all the species in this reaction are gaseous so you're good.
Inserting their molarity at equilibrium into their places, and you can solve. Don't forget to make the coefficient of HI turn into a power.
Cho các quá trình và số liệu sau:
C(d,s) ⭢ C (g,s) (1) : ΔH0298 = - 1,9 kJ
ΔG0298 = - 2,87 kJ
C(g,s) + O2 (k) ⭢ CO2 (k) (2): ΔH0298 = - 393,5 kJ
a)Giải thích tại sao trạng thái chuẩn của C lại là C(g) mà không phải là C (d).
b)Tính ΔH0298 của phản ứng sau:
C(d,s) + O2 (k) ⭢ CO2 (k) (3)
ΔH0298 của phản ứng 3 có phải là ΔH0298, sinh nhiệt của CO2 không ? Tại sao?
Answer:
rrgggf in the world of the world of the world of the up the good morning I will take a user and pass it on the
Which processes occur during the second stage of technological design? Check all that apply.
designing a solution
studying relevant information
rebuilding and retesting
reporting a solution
defining criteria of success
identifying a problem
building a prototype
Question 1 of 10
What is the correct orientation of the bar magnet, based on the magnetic field
lines shown?
A. North pole on the left end and south pole on the right end
B. South pole on the top edge and north pole on the bottom edge.
C. South pole on the left end and north pole on the right end
D. North pole on the top edge and south pole on the bottom edge
Answer:
d. north pole on the top edge and south pole on the bottom edge
Explanation:
The following is what kind of reaction?
2 CH4 +4 02 → 2 CO2 + 4H2O
Answer:
It is a combustion reaction.
According to Arrhenius, NH4+ an acid or a base? Write an equation to support
According to Arrhenius definition of acids, [tex]NH4^+[/tex] is an acid.
According to Arrhenius definition of acids and bases, acid is any substance that produces hydrogen ion in solution as its only positive ion.
Following this definition, let us now consider what happens when [tex]NH4^+[/tex] is introduced into a water;
[tex]NH4^+[/tex](aq)-------> NH3(aq) + [tex]H^+[/tex](aq)
Hence, according to Arrhenius definition of acids, [tex]NH4^+[/tex] is an acid.
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A bio catalyst that increases the rate of the reaction without being changed
a) Aluminum oxide. b) Silicon dioxide. c) Enzyme. d) Hydrogen peroxide
43. What is the
than the reaction substrate.
42. A
Explanation:
Enzymes are proteins functioning as catalysts that speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy. A simple and succinct definition of an enzyme is that it is a biological catalyst that accelerates a chemical reaction without altering its equilibrium.
example for five electrolyte solutions write down five examples for electrolyte solutions
Answer:
A substance that dissociates into ions in solution acquires the capacity to conduct electricity. Sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, magnesium, and phosphate are examples of electrolytes.
Answer From Gauth Math
Methylamine is a base because it can bond to H+. Draw Lewis structures to show how methylamine reacts with water to form a hydroxide ion.
Attached are the lewis structures,
The proton released by water bonds to the nitrogen, because it can hold charges relatively better than carbon because of it's bigger size
(GIVING BRAINIEST!)
Which of the following compares the rainforest and the tundra environments correctly?
A. A rainforest is hotter than the tundra because it is closer to the equator.
B. A rainforest is less humid than the tundra because of its higher elevation.
C. A tundra has higher temperatures than the rainforest because it receives more
sunshine.
D. A tundra has higher humidity than the rainforest because of its proximity to water bodies.
For Science BTW!
Answer:
A
Explanation:
A rain forest is hotter than the tundra because it is closer to the equator
