Anaerobic Respiration of Yeast
1. Describe at least one part of the experiment procedure you thought was
essential for getting good results. Did you find that certain steps in the
procedure had to be followed carefully to get consistent results? If you wanted
better results, do you think there is a step that could have been added to the
procedure?
2. Discuss your thoughts on the overall lab design. Did it help you understand the
concepts better, or did it raise more questions? Do you think you could have
designed a better experiment? If so, explain how and then discuss it with your
classmates. Share some of your knowledge with them to learn a little more
about this experiment.
Answers
Anaerobic respiration of yeast produces ethanol and carbon dioxide, which can be experimentally tested by determining the rate of CO2 production in a closed system.
What is anaerobic respiration?Anaerobic respiration is a series of chemical reactions by which certain organisms can produce energy (ATP) in absence of oxygen.
Anaerobic respiration is useful in experimental settings to determine the survival rate of yeast, which can be determined by measuring the concentration of products of this process.
The experimental procedure requires the use of a closed system to determine the rate of change between reactants (glucose) and products (ethanol + carbon dioxide).
In conclusion, Anaerobic respiration can be experimentally tested by determining the rate of CO2 production.
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Related Questions
Given the enormous heterogeneity of antigen receptors expressed on the populations of naive B and T lymphocytes, the adaptive immune response relies on a process whereby the rare lymphocyte that binds to the antigen is first induced to proliferate, before it can perform its effector function. For B cells, there is a clever mechanism that ensures that the specificity of the antibody secreted by the plasma cell will recognize the same pathogen that initially stimulated the B cell antigen receptor and induced B cell proliferation. This mechanism is:
Answers
Answer:
The naïve B cell expresses a membrane-bound form of the antibody as a receptor and secretes that same antibody when it differentiates into a plasma cell.
Explanation:
Naive B cell is a type of B cell that has still not been exposed to the antigen. The B cell receptors (BCRs) are transmembrane proteins composed of 1-a surface immunoglobulin molecule capable of recognizing the antigen, and 2-two transmembrane subunits that transduce the signal. When a B cell binds to antigen with its BCR, the B cell will proliferate and differentiate into a plasma cell. This plasma cell then releases antibodies, which are soluble forms of the BCR where the transmembrane domain that anchors the antibody protein to the membrane of the B cell is eliminated.
If the time interval is 55 seconds, what is the distance to the epicenter?
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Which of the following sequences on a DNA molecule would be complementary to
GCTTATAT?
A.TAGGCGCG
B.COD ATCCGCGC
C.KUCGAATATA
D.TGCCTCTC
E.None of the above
Answers
Which of the following statements best represents the theory of pangenesis developed by Hippocrates?
a. Pregnancy is a spontaneous event, and the characteristics of the offspring are determined by the gods.
b. Particles called pangenes, which originate in each part of an organism's body, collect in the sperm or eggs and are passed on to the next generation.
c. Offspring inherit the traits of either the mother or the father, but not both.
d. Fertilization of plants is dependent on an animal.
e. Heritable traits are influenced by the environment and the behaviors of the parents.
Answers
Answer:
b. Particles called pangenes, which originate in each part of an organism's body, collect in the sperm or eggs and are passed on to the next generation.
Explanation:
Particles called pangenes, which originate in each part of an organism's body, collect in the sperm or eggs and are passed on to the next generation. The belief of Hippocrates states that "the semen was derived from the whole body." which means the whole body contributes the formation and creation of semen that is responsible for the fertilizing the female's egg with its sperm.
Explain factors that impact North Carolina ecosystems. (Examples: acid rain effects in mountains, beach erosion, urban development in the Piedmont leading to habitat destruction and water runoff, waste lagoons on hog farms, Kudzu as an invasive plant, etc.)
Answers
Answer:
Temperature, moisture, topography, elevation, soils, hydrology and disturbance.
Explanation:
Temperature, moisture, topography, elevation, soils, hydrology and disturbance are the factors that impact North Carolina ecosystems. Pollution, urbanization and invasive species inversely affected the ecosystem of North Carolina. Industries produces harmful gases that causes pollution as well as make the rainfall acidic which adversely affected the infrastructure as well as plants and animals. The introduction of invasive species also has a negative impact on the plants and animals of that ecosystem.
You are in charge of genetically engineering a new organism that will derive all of its ATP from sunlight by photosynthesis. Will you put the enzymes of the citric acid cycle in this organism
Answers
Answer:
Yes.
Explanation:
I will put the enzymes of the citric acid cycle in this organism so that in the absence of sunlight, it also produces energy to grow quickly. Citric acid cycle is a series of chemical reactions which release stored energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. This cycle is also called Krebs cycle so incorporation of this cycle is good for the organism.
Which of the following are what
the different wavelengths of light
we can see make up?
A. carotene
B. the fundamental colors
C. the visible spectrum
D. light-absorbing molecules
Answers
Answer:
C. The visible spectrum
Explanation:
The visible spectrum of light makes up all of the different light wavelengths that we can see with our own eyes.
This is called visible light, and it is made up of the 7 colors of the rainbow.
The human eye can naturally detect these wavelengths of light.
So, the correct answer is C. The visible spectrum
Regarding the models of cooperativity:_______.
a. the concerted model is based on the
b. T state and the sequential on the R state.
c. T state is low affinity and R state is high affinity.
d. the concerted model and the sequential model are mutually exclusive.
e. these models, strictly speaking, only apply to tetramers.
Answers
Answer:
c. T state is low affinity and R state is high affinity.
Explanation:
Hemoglobin (Hb) is a multimeric protein molecule that transports oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues in red blood cells. Hb exists in two quaternary states: 1- a T-state or deoxygenated conformation, which is referred to as 'deoxyhemoglobin'; and 2-a R state or fully oxygenated conformation, which is referred to as 'oxyhemoglobin'. The sequential model of cooperativity states that the conformation of a multimeric protein changes with each binding of a ligand, thereby sequentially changing its affinity for the ligand (i.e., cooperativity is dependent on ligand-induced). In consequence, this model states that the conformational state and affinity of Hb monomers change as they bind to oxygen.
chất xám trong trung ương thần kinh được cấu tạo từ đâu
Answers
Answer:
Chất xám được cấu tạo chủ yếu bởi thân của các nơ ron đóng vai trò trung tâm của các phản xạ tủy.
Explanation:
Over a long period of time the process of deposition causes the formation of
Answers
Answer:
sedimentary rock
Explanation:
the process of deposition refers to rock and soil depositing itself onto a landform and hardening into rock, specifically sedimentary rock.
You are studying an enzyme that is inactivated by phosphorylation and create a mutant in which the threonine that is normally phosphorylated is replaced with glutamate. Predict the impact of this change on the activity of this enzyme. Group of answer choices
Answers
Answer:
always active
Explanation:
Phosphorylation is a posttranslational modification that consists of the addition of phosphate groups to specific amino acids on the protein. Phosphorylation acts as a molecular switch for proteins that are phosphorylated (i.e., in some situations phosphorylation acts to activate protein function, whereas in other situations phosphorylation can inactivate protein function). Phosphorylation modifies the three-dimensional structure of the protein, thereby affecting, for example, the accessibility of the active site of a phosphorylated enzyme to its substrate. Phosphorylation can occur only at the side chains of three amino acids: Serine, Threonine and Tyrosine. In this case, the enzyme is inactivated by phosphorylation on the Threonine residue, so it is expected that the mutant enzyme cannot be phosphorylated, remaining in an active state.
Apply logarithm to evaluate T given 644 204=400 000 (1+10%)^T,by first simplify the equation.
Answers
The value of T after applying logarithm to evaluate the function is 4.9988
Given the expression
[tex]644 204=400 000 (1+10 \%)^T[/tex]
Since 10% = 0.1, the expression becomes;
[tex]644 204=400 000 (1+0.1)^T\\644 204=400 000 (1.1)^T\\\frac{644204}{400000} =1.1^T\\1.61051=1.1^T[/tex]
Take the logarithm of both sides
[tex]log1.61051=log1.1^T\\log1.61051=Tlog1.1\\Swap\\Tlog1.1=log1.61051\\T=\frac{log1.61051}{log1.1}\\T=\frac{0.2069}{0.04139} \\T=4.9988[/tex]
The value of T after applying logarithm to evaluate the function is 4.9988
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The the below the states five clemos demented by A. 1) and
with their tennie numbers, entro numas, amber of electrons i
mass numbers. Study the table and answer the questions that follow
Home
number
Number of
metros
Number of
electron
Mass
nonbey
Element
A
12
12
19
24
/
H
7
7
14
10
C
11
13
11
18
35
D
17
18
©
12
22
10
Write the element(s) that is/are
cations)
(1) anionis)
neutral;
(10) isotope(s)
17 mark
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Answer:
which class ? this has two answer
What is homeostasis? What are some of the things my body does to keep it at the right temperature?
Answers
Answer:
Blood flow to your skin increases to speed up heat loss into your surroundings, and you might also start sweating so the evaporation of sweat from your skin can help you cool off.As heat is lost to the environment, the body temperature returns to normal.
All of the following are true of spermatogenesis EXCEPT: Question 18 options: DNA replicates once, but cells divide twice. The products are spermatozoa that each have a head, midpiece and tail. Spermatids containing 23 chromosomes (1n) are produced. One spermatogonium produces 4 spermatids Genetically diverse spermatids are created.
Answers
Answer:
One spermatogonium produces 4 spermatids FALSE. One primary spermatocyte produces 4 spermatids.Explanation:
Germ cells are diploid reproductive cells in charge of gamete production. Germ cells divide by mitosis and meiosis. Through mitosis, they originate more sexual cells, but through meiosis, they produce gametes -sperm and egg cells-. This process is known as gametogenesis.
Gametes´destiny is to merge during fecundation, and a new diploid cell called zygote emerges through fertilization. The zygote is a complete cell and suffers successive mitosis to form the new organism.
Spermatogenesis is the process of production and maturation of sperm cells. Spermatogonia are the masculine diploid germ cells, carrying 46 chromosomes. These germ cells suffer mitosis to reproduce. Some of them stay as spermatogonia, and some others become primary spermatocytes, which are in charge of gamete production. Primary spermatocytes are also diploid cells, meaning that they still carry 46 chromosomes.
Each primary spermatocyte replicates its genetic material and then goes through meiosis I to produce two daughter haploid cells called secondary spermatocytes, each of them carrying 23 chromosomes. Each secondary spermatocyte will produce two other haploid daughter cells by meiosis II.
The total result from the two cellular divisions of each primary spermatocyte is four haploid daughter cells called spermatids.
During spermiogenesis, spermatids mature into spermatozoa or sperm cells. Each sperm cell characterizes by being composed of a head, midpiece, and tail.
DNA replicates once, but cells divide twice TRUE The products are spermatozoa that each have a head, midpiece, and tail TRUE Spermatids containing 23 chromosomes (1n) are produced TRUE One spermatogonium produces 4 spermatids FALSE. One primary spermatocyte produces 4 spermatids.Genetically diverse spermatids are created TRUEA population of 100 sea stars is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The trait for long arms is completely dominant to the trait for short arms. In this population, 40% of the alleles for this trait are dominant, and 60% are recessive. What percent of sea stars in this population are heterozygous
Answers
Answer:
In population genetics, the Hardy–Weinberg principle, also known as the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, model, theorem, or law, states that allele and genotype frequencies in a population will remain constant from generation to generation in the absence of other evolutionary influences
Explanation:
An allele frequency is computed by dividing the total number of copies of all the alleles at that specific genetic locus in the population by the number of times the allele of interest is observed in a population. The decimal, percentage, or fractional forms of allele frequencies are all acceptable.
What sea stars are in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, model, theorem, or law of population genetics states that, in the absence of additional evolutionary factors, allele, and genotype frequencies in a population will remain constant from generation to generation.
Therefore, The lesson and figure 12.12's allele frequencies are used in this question as well. The percentage of individuals with two dominant arm length alleles can be calculated by multiplying 0.6 by 0.6. The population size (100 people) multiplied by that percentage yields the number of people that are homozygous dominant for the arm length allele.
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Which type of restriction enzyme is most often used in biotechnology research due to its specificity?
A. Type 1
B. Type III
C. Type IV
D. Type 11
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The type of restriction enzyme mostly used in biotechnology research and applications due to it's specificity is D. Type 11
Answer:
D- type 11 is used
An enzyme, Pittpantherase, has a KM of 8mM. At a substrate concentration of 4mM, the velocity of the reaction was 2mM/min. What is Vmax for this enzyme
Answers
Answer: [Vmax]= 6mM/min.
Explanation:
Enzymes are proteins that produce a specific chemical change in a substance, called substrate, resulting in a product. By following the rate of product appearance (or disappearance of the substrate) as a function of time, the kinetics of the reaction is obtained. As the reaction proceeds, the rate of product formation decreases and the substrate is consumed.
The rate [V] indicates the amount of substrate that is converted into product per second. With increasing substrate concentrations [S], the enzyme approaches its maximum velocity [Vmax], but does not reach it. For this reason, there is no specific value of [S] for Vmax. However, a characteristic parameter of the enzyme can be defined using the substrate concentration at which half of the maximum velocity (Vmax/2) is reached. The initial velocity of the reaction is equal to the slope of the zero-time forward curve and is measured before 10% of the total substrate is consumed, so that the substrate concentration can be considered as essentially constant throughout the experiment. So, although it is impossible to measure exactly the substrate concentration that gives Vmax, enzymes can be characterized by the substrate concentration at which the reaction rate is half the maximum rate. This substrate concentration is known as the Michaelis-Menten constant (KM). For enzymes exhibiting simple Michaelis-Menten kinetics this constant represents the dissociation constant of the enzyme-substrate complex (or the inverse of the enzyme-substrate affinity). Thus, Km indicates the affinity of the enzyme for its substrate, since the higher the Km the lower the affinity. And the lower the Km the higher the affinity.
The formula for the calculation is as follows:
[tex]V_{0}= \frac{[Vmax] x [S]}{[S]+[KM]}[/tex]
So if we replace the numbers, we get:
[tex]2mM/min= \frac{[Vmax] x [4mM]}{[4mM]+[8mM]}[/tex]
If we clear the equation, we obtain that [Vmax]= 6mM/min.
What is the relationship between coronary artery disease and a heart attack?
A. Coronary artery disease is a symptom of heart attacks.
B. Heart attacks reduce blood flow to the heart and cause coronary artery disease.
C. Coronary artery disease can reduce blood flow to the heart and cause heart attacks.
D. Heart attacks occur when coronary artery disease is treated.
Answers
C) Coronary artery disease can reduce blood flow to the heart and cause heart attacks
CAD (or atherosclerosis) affects the vessels that supply blood to the heart muscle. It is caused by deposits of calcium, fat, cholesterol and fibrous tissues, which makes the lumen of arteries narrower. And due to inadequate supply of blood, the heart muscles get damaged. This can lead to a heart attack!
Tại sao vi sinh vật có tốc độ sinh trường nhanh?
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
Ở nhiệt độ thấp hơn, các phân tử di chuyển chậm hơn, các enzym không thể làm trung gian trong các phản ứng hóa học, và cuối cùng độ nhớt của bên trong tế bào khiến mọi hoạt động bị dừng lại. Khi nhiệt độ tăng, các phân tử chuyển động nhanh hơn, các enzym tăng tốc độ trao đổi chất và tế bào tăng nhanh về kích thước.
Explain the following terms used in soil management Soil resources ii Soil conservation. .
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Answer:
Soil resources = Soil resources are a form of environmental asset providing a range of ecosystem services. A key feature of soils is their delivery of supporting services including the formation of and function of the soil itself, nutrient cycling, water cycling, structural support of vegetation and soil biodiversity.
Soil conservation = Soil Conservation is a combination of practices used to protect the soil from degradation. First and foremost, soil conservation involves treating the soil as a living ecosystem. This means returning organic matter to the soil on a continual basis. Soil conservation can be compared to preventive maintenance on a car.
Explanation:
In this experiment, you are looking at the effect of various germicides on microbial growth. The organism that you are using for this experiment is baking yeast, which is a eukaryote. Do you think that this organism would be more or less susceptible to the various germicides than a prokaryotic organism, such as bacteria?
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Answer:
Less susceptible.
Explanation:
This organism would be less susceptible to the various germicides than a prokaryotic organism, such as bacteria because the form and structure of eukaryotic organism is different from the prokaryotic organism so the germicides no or less affected the eukaryotic organism so we can say that the the eukaryotic organism which is used in baking would be less susceptible to the various germicides than a prokaryotic organism.
Cells control or regulate the flux through metabolic pathways by means of I. allosteric control of enzymes. II. covalent modification of enzymes. III. genetic control of the concentrations of enzymes. IV. genetic expression of allosteric regulators.
Answers
Answer:
I, II, III
Explanation:
Allosteric regulation is a common mechanism of regulation of enzyme activity, which generally involves key enzymes in metabolic pathways. Allosteric modulation occurs when a substance/molecule called 'allosteric regulator' binds to an enzyme at a site other than the enzyme's active site, thereby triggering a conformational change in the enzyme and thus affecting its activity. Moreover, covalent modifications such as phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation, etc, are also involved in the regulation of enzymatic activity in metabolic pathways. For example, phosphorylation is a type of reversible covalent modification of proteins consisting of the addition of phosphate groups at specific amino acid residues (i.e., serine, threonine, and tyrosine) by specific enzymes known as protein kinases. Phosphorylation alters the three-dimensional (3D) structure of proteins, thereby turning the substrate or cellular pathway to active and/or inactive. Finally, both transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms are also able to control the expression of enzymes involved in signaling pathways. Transcriptional mechanisms are capable of limiting the amount of mRNA that is produced from a given gene (in this case, an enzyme encoding gene), whereas post-transcriptional mechanisms such as, for example, RNA interference pathways, control the translation of messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules into proteins.
Indentify the structures
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Compared with a eukaryotic cell, a prokaryotic cell Select one:______
a. lacks organelles beyond ribosomes.
b. is larger.
c. does not require energy.
d. is not living.
e. has no method of movement.
Answers
B) is incorrect because prokaryotic cells are typically smaller than eukaryotic cells. Think bacteria and other microorganisms.
C) is incorrect because, well, energy is…
D) False, a non-living microorganism would be considered a prion or virus before prokaryote.
E) Many prokaryotic cells actually contain flagellum or cilia for transport.
Let me know if you have other questions — good luck.
How do bacteria develop resistance to drugs
Answers
Answer: Bacteria gain resistance to drugs because of mutations (permanent and random changes to their DNA) which means they have changed DNA coding, giving them the ability to resist the drug fighting them off. As a result, they survive and reproduce. Over time, more and more bacteria are generated as the DNA code for resistance is passed on over generations. This results in bacteria having the ability to resist drugs. This is particularly prevalent with antibiotics.
Bacteria develop drug resistance through genetic mutations, acquisition of resistance genes, production of inactivating enzymes, efflux pumps, and biofilm formation.
Bacteria can develop resistance to drugs through several mechanisms. One common way is through genetic mutations or acquisition of resistance genes. Mutations can occur in the bacterial DNA, leading to changes in the target site of the drug, rendering it ineffective. Resistance genes can be transferred between bacteria through horizontal gene transfer, allowing the recipient bacteria to acquire resistance traits.
Another mechanism is the production of enzymes that can inactivate the drug. Bacteria can produce enzymes, such as beta-lactamases, that break down antibiotics like penicillin, preventing them from functioning properly. Bacteria can develop efflux pumps that actively pump out drugs from their cells, reducing their concentration and effectiveness. This mechanism helps bacteria evade the lethal effects of antibiotics. Biofilm formation provides a protective environment for bacteria, making them less susceptible to drugs and immune system attacks.
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The correct question is:
How do bacteria develop resistance to drugs?
I need help with the work
Answers
Answer:
Gw
Explanation:
what is the difference of biology and human and social biology?????
Answers
Answer:
Man's health (human biology) affects and effects change on society (social biology). Human and social biology scrutinizes the human body, disease, health, nature and the environment's influence on biology.
Answer:
Man's health (human biology) affects and effects change on society (social biology). Human and social biology scrutinizes the human body, disease, health, nature and the environment's influence on biology.
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Dephosphorylation of glycogen synthase: ____________
a. Increase in the concentration of inorganic phosphate ion
b. Increase in the activity of glycogen phosphorylase
c. Increase of ATP concentration
d. Decreasing glycogen synthesis Increasing glycogen synthesis
e. No effect on glycogen synthesis
Answers
Answer:
b. Increase in activity of glycogen phosphorylase.
Explanation:
Glycogen synthase exists in two forms which is phosphorylated form which is covalent modification of serine residues by ATP and dephosphoryated form which is obtained using phosphatase on phosphorylated form. Glycogen phophorylase catalyzes hydrolysis of glycogen which shortens glycogen molecules.
Which organism exhibits behavioral adaptation?
Answers
Answer:
Humans
Birds
Bears
Chameleons
Cicadas
Explanation:
A Behavioral Adaptation is something an animal does - how it acts - usually in response to some type of external stimulus.
Examples of some Behavioral Adaptions:
Migration, Hibernation, Dormancy, Camouflage.
Answer:
Behavioral adaptations are the actions that organisms take in order to stay alive. Behavioral adaptations include things like bird cries and migration. Evolution produces adaptations. Evolution is a long-term change in a species.
OAmalOHopeO:
