An incompressible viscous fluid flows through a pipe with a flow rate of 1 mL/s. The pipe has a uniform diameter D0 and a length L0. A pressure difference of P0 between the ends of the pipe is required to maintain the flow rate. What would be the flow rate if the pressure difference was increased to 2P0 and the diameter was increased to 2D0

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

[tex]Q_2 = 32[/tex] mL/s

Explanation:

Given :

The flow is incompressible viscous flow.

The initial flow rate, [tex]Q_1[/tex] = 1 mL/s

Initial diameter, [tex]D_1= D_0[/tex]

Initial length, [tex]L_1=L_0[/tex]

The initial pressure difference to maintain the flow, [tex]P_1=P_0[/tex]

We know for a viscous flow,

[tex]$\Delta P = \frac{32 \mu V L}{D^2}$[/tex]

[tex]$\Delta P = \frac{32 \mu Q L}{\frac{\pi}{4}D^4}$[/tex]

[tex]$Q \propto \Delta P \times D^4$[/tex]

[tex]$\frac{Q_1}{Q_2}= \frac{P_1}{P_2} \times \left( \frac{D_1}{D_2} \right)^4$[/tex]

[tex]$\frac{1}{Q_2}= \frac{P_0}{2P_0} \times \left( \frac{D_0}{2D_0} \right)^4$[/tex]

[tex]$\frac{1}{Q_2}= \frac{1}{2} \times \left( \frac{1}{2} \right)^4$[/tex]

[tex]$\frac{1}{Q_2}= \frac{1}{32}$[/tex]

∴ [tex]Q_2 = 32[/tex] mL/s

Answer 2

The flow rate if the pressure difference was increased to 2P0 and the diameter was increased to 2D0 is; Q2 = 32 mL/s

We are given;

Initial flow rate; Q1 = 1 mL/s

Initial uniform diameter; D0

Initial Length; L0

Initial Pressure difference; P0

Relationship between pressure, flow rate and diameter for vicious flow is given by;

Q1/Q2 = (P1/P2) × (D1/D2)⁴

Where;

Q1 is initial flow rate

Q2 is final flow rate

P1 is initial pressure difference

P2 is final pressure difference

D1 is initial diameter

D2 is final diameter

We are told that the pressure difference was increased to 2P0 and the diameter was increased to 2D0. Thus;

P2 = 2P0

D2 = 2D0

Thus;

1/Q2 = (P0/2P0) × (D0/2D0)⁴

>> 1/Q2 = ½ × (½)⁴

1/Q2 = 1/32

Q2 = 32 mL/s

Read more about vicious flow at; https://brainly.com/question/2684299


Related Questions

While reflecting on the solutions and the process of concept generation, the development team takes a look at some critical questions such as:________.
1. Is the team developing confidence that the solution space has been fully explored?
2. Are there alternative diagrams and alternative ways to decompose the problem?
3. Have external sources been thoroughly pursued, and everyone’s ideas been accepted and integrated in the process?
4. All of the above

Answers

Answer:

While reflecting on the solutions and the process of concept generation, the development team takes a look at some critical questions such as:________.

4. All of the above

Explanation:

The team must explore its solution space, including some external sources. Then, it must integrate its findings with the ideas of team members, ensuring the consideration of all possible ways to decompose the problem. This is because employing a structured process to concept generation enables the team to come up with creative solutions to design concepts.

g A motor driving a 1000-W water pump has a power factor of 0.80 lagging; a second motor driving a 600-W water pump has a power factor of 0.60 lagging assuming the motors are working under 120- Vrms, 60-HZ AC. (a) When both motors working together what is combined power factor

Answers

complete Question

A motor driving a 1000-W water pump has a power factor of 0.80 lagging; a second motor driving a 600-W water pump has a power factor of 0.60 lagging assuming the motors are working under 120-Vrms, 60-HZAC. When both motors working together what is the combined power factor? If a 200-μF capacitor is connected to the above system (two motors) what is the new combined power factor?

Answer:

[tex]p.f'=0.960[/tex]

Explanation:

First motor Power [tex]P=1000W[/tex]

First motor Power factor [tex]P.f=0.80[/tex]

Second motor Power [tex]P=600W[/tex]

Second motor Power factor p.f=0.60

Voltage [tex]V=120Vrms[/tex]

Frequency [tex]F=60Hz[/tex]

Capacitor [tex]C=200\mu F[/tex]

Generally power in Var is given as

For First Motor

[tex]Q=\frac{1000}{0.8}\sqrt{1-0.8^2}[/tex]

[tex]Q=750Var[/tex]

For Second Motor

[tex]Q=\frac{600}{0.6}\sqrt{1-0.6^2}[/tex]

[tex]Q=800Var[/tex]

Generally the equation for The Reactive Power is mathematically given by

[tex]Q_c=\frac{V^2}{X_c}[/tex]

Where

[tex]X_c=\frac{1}{2 \pi fc}[/tex]

[tex]X_c=\frac{1}{2 \pi 60*200*10^{-6} }[/tex]

[tex]X_c=13.3[/tex]

Therefore

[tex]Q_c=-\frac{120^2}{13.3}\\\\Q_c=-1085.97j[/tex]

Giving

Total Power Drawn by Supply

[tex]P_t=(1000+j750)+(600+800)-j1085.97[/tex]

[tex]P_t=1600+464.03j[/tex]

Therefore

[tex]p.f'=\frac{1600}{\sqrt{1600^2+464.03^2}}[/tex]

[tex]p.f'=0.960[/tex]

Urgent!!!
List the assumptions that can be taken into account in torsion analysis.​

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

In the development of a torsion formula for a circular shaft, the following assumptions are made: Material of the shaft is homogeneous throughout the length of the shaft. Shaft is straight and of uniform circular cross section over its length. Torsion is constant along the length of the shaft.

beacuse thye want them to hav egoood and thye wn thme tto

Answers

Answer:

I don't understand the question

I don’t understand what your asking

8.50 nC of charge is uniformly distributed along a thin rod of length L = 9.20 cm, which is then bent into a semicircle. What is the magnitude of the electric field at the center of the circle​

Answers

The answer would be 8.65

Which statement describes the relay between minerals and rocks ?

Answers

Answer:

•○●□■hey hi!■□●○•

Explanation:

Minerals and rocks are the same. Aggregates of minerals form rocks. Minerals determine the texture of a rock. Most rocks are made of a single mineral type.

☆♡hope this helps♡☆

if a person is injured at the hospital during a natural disaster a correct action to take is ​

Answers

first check that you and the casualty aren't in any danger. If you are, make the situation safe. When it's safe to do so, assess the casualty and, if necessary, dial 999 or 112 for an ambulance. You can then carry out basic first aid and shift to another hospital




That’s what I learnt sooo..

Plexiglas, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), is often used as display windows and cases in art galleries and museums. If its flame imparts 32 kW/m^2 to the surface when it burns estimate the energy release rate of a 3 m^2 square sheet (one side). Assume its vaporization temperature is 350°C. Calculate with units, provide work.

Answers

This question is incomplete, the complete question is;

Plexiglas, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), is often used as display windows and cases in art galleries and museums. If its flame imparts 32 kW/m^2 to the surface when it burns estimate the energy release rate of a 3 m^2 square sheet (one side). Assume its vaporization temperature is 350°C. Calculate with units, provide work.

a ⇒ [tex]q_{rad[/tex] = σT⁴, where σ = 5.67 × 10⁻¹¹ kW/m².K⁴

b ⇒ [tex]q"[/tex] = [tex]q_{flame[/tex] -  [tex]q_{rad[/tex]

c ⇒ [tex]m"[/tex] =  [tex]q"[/tex]/L, where L = 1.6 kJ/g

d ⇒ Q =  [tex]m"[/tex] × A × ΔHc, where ΔHc is 24.9 kJ/g

Answer:

a) [tex]q_{rad[/tex] = 8.54 kW/m²

b) [tex]q"[/tex] = 23.46 kW/m²

c) [tex]m"[/tex] = 14.6625 g/m²

d) Q = 1095.2888 kJ

Explanation:

Given the data in the question;

[tex]q_{flame[/tex] = 32 kW/m²

Area; A = 3m²

vaporization temperature; T = 350°C = ( 350 + 273 )K = 623 K

Now,

a) ⇒ [tex]q_{rad[/tex] = σT⁴, where σ = 5.67 × 10¹¹ kW/m².K⁴

we substitute

[tex]q_{rad[/tex] = ( 5.67 × 10⁻¹¹ kW/m².K⁴ ) × ( 623 K)⁴

[tex]q_{rad[/tex] = ( 5.67 × 10⁻¹¹ kW/m².K⁴ ) × 150644120641 K⁴

[tex]q_{rad[/tex] = 8.54 kW/m²

b) ⇒ [tex]q"[/tex] = [tex]q_{flame[/tex] - [tex]q_{rad[/tex]

we substitute

[tex]q"[/tex] = 32 kW/m² - 8.54 kW/m²

[tex]q"[/tex] = 23.46 kW/m²

c) ⇒ [tex]m"[/tex] =  [tex]q"[/tex]/L, where L = 1.6 kJ/g

we substitute

[tex]m"[/tex] =  23.46 / 1.6

[tex]m"[/tex] = 14.6625 g/m²

d) ⇒ Q =  [tex]m"[/tex] × A × ΔHc, where ΔHc is 24.9 kJ/g

we substitute

Q =  14.6625 × 3 × 24.9

Q = 1095.2888 kJ

deep invasion lead to???

Answers

Answer:

2

Explanation:

usjshshshjeoeieieiiekeiekeiekekekekekkske

Answer:

2

Explanation:

High separation between deep...........

can you guys please introduce yourself​

Answers

Answer: why?

Explanation:

hi i’m kira and i need points so i can pass this class. i hope you’re having a good day

what is tracer lathe machine​

Answers

Answer: The tracer lathe is a roughing operation for the output shaft on rear wheel drive transmissions.

Explanation:

Race cars at the Indianapolis Speedway average speeds of 185 mi/h. After determining the altitude of Indianapolis, find the Mach number of these cars and estimate whether compressibility might affect their aerodynamics.

Answers

Answer:

- the Mach number is 0.24.

- Compressibility becomes effective when Mach number is greater than 0.3, the Mach number of the race cars is less than 0.3, hence, compressibility will not affect their aerodynamics.

Explanation:

Given the data in the question;

Average speed V = 185 miles per hour = ( 185 /2.237 ) m/s = 82.7 m/s

From Almanac, we can find that Indianapolis is at 220 m altitude.

So from table, at that altitude, the standard speed of sound will be 339.4 m/s .

Mach number of the race car will be;

Mach Number = Velocity / sound speed

we substitute

Mach Number = ( 82.7 m/s ) / ( 339.4 m/s )

Mach Number = 0.24

Therefore the Mach number is 0.24.

We know that, compressibility becomes effective when the Mach number is greater than 0.3.

Since the Mach number of the race cars is less than 0.3, compressibility will not affect their aerodynamics.

 

You are given a pot of hot tea (350 mL) at a temperature of 85°C and a quantity of ice at -12°C. Determine the absolute minimum amount of ice you can add to the hot tea so that at equilibrium you have iced tea (ie. a very, very small amount of ice and some water). You can assume tea has the same density (1.00 g/mL) and specific heat (4190 J/kgK) as liquid water. The heat of fusion of H2O is 3.33x10^5 J/kg. The specific heat of ice is 2090 J/kgK.

Answers

Answer:

348 g

Explanation:

The heat gained by the ice equals the heat lost by the hot tea.

Also, since we require a very, very small amount of ice and some water, to still have some ice, the temperature of the hot tea has to decrease to the melting point of ice which is 0°C. So, the final temperature of the mixture is 0 °C.

So, mc(T - T') + mL = -MC(T - T") where m = mass of ice, c =  specific heat of ice = 2090 J/kgK., T = final temperature of mixture = 0 °C, T' = initial temperature of ice = -12 °C, L = heat of fusion of H2O = 3.33 × 10⁵ J/kg, M = mass of hot tea = ρV where ρ = density of tea = 1.00 g/mL and V = volume of hot tea = 350 mL. So, M = ρV = 1.00 g/mL × 350 mL = 350 g = 0.350 kg, C = specific heat of tea = 4190 J/kgK and T" = initial temperature of tea = 85 °C.

Making m subject of the formula, we have

mc(T - T') + mL = -MC(T - T")

m[c(T - T') + L] = -MC(T - T")  

m = -MC(T - T")/[c(T - T') + L]

substituting the values of the variables into the equation, we have

m = -MC(T - T")/[c(T - T') + L]

m = -0.350 kg × 4190 J/kgK(0 °C - 85 °C.)/[2090 J/kgK(0 °C. - (-12 °C)) + 3.33 × 10⁵ J/kg]

m = -1466.5 J/kK(- 85 °C)/[2090 J/kgK(0 °C + 12 °C)) + 3.33 × 10⁵ J/kg]

m = 124652.5 J/[2090 J/kgK(12 °C) + 3.33 × 10⁵ J/kg]

m = 124652.5 J/[25080 J/kg + 3.33 × 10⁵ J/kg]

m = 124652.5 J/358080 J/kg

m = 0.3481 kg

m = 348.1 g

m ≅ 348 g

So, the minimum amount of ice to be added is 348 g.

A bird is flying in air. It is stretching its wings all along the sky and is flying in a certain direction Flying a bird is an example of: a. Composition of vector b. Collinear vector c. Addition of vector d. Multiplication of vector

Answers

Answer:

a. Composition of Vector.

Explanation:

When a bird flies in the air, it stretches its wings into air and this movement helps it move in a certain direction. This is an example of composition of vector. Air strikes the wings in opposite direction and bird wing movement helps it move against the wind.

What is protection scheme?

Answers

Answer:

The objective of a protection scheme is to keep the power system stable by isolating only the components that are under fault, whilst leaving as much of the network as possible still in operation.

Explanation:

The devices that are used to protect the power systems from faults are called protection devices.

hỗ trợ mình với được không các bạn

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

Be bop

Troy must keep track of the amount of refrigerant he uses from a 50-pound cylinder to ensure that accurate
records are kept. He used 13 pounds on a systein for Ms. Jones and 9 pounds on a system for a commercial
client. How many pounds should he have left in the cylinder?
tof
Troy should have
pounds of refrigerant left in the cylinder.
baon naid Thamar basic
محمود احمد مجد
12
اهداء ما در

Answers

Answer:

Amount of gas still in cylinder = 28 pound

Explanation:

Given:

Amount of gas in cylinder = 50 pound

Amount of gas used in Ms. Jones system = 13 pound

Amount of gas used in client system = 9 pound

Find:

Amount of gas still in cylinder

Computation:

Amount of gas still in cylinder = Amount of gas in cylinder - Amount of gas used in Ms. Jones system - Amount of gas used in client system

Amount of gas still in cylinder = 50 - 13 - 9

Amount of gas still in cylinder = 28 pound

In a major human artery with an internal diameter of 5mm, the flow of blood, averaged over the cardiac cycle is 5cm3·s−1. The artery bifurcates (splits) into two identical blood vessels that are each 3mm in diameter. What are the average velocity and the mass flow rate upstream and downstream of the bifurcation? The density of blood is 1.06g·cm−3

Answers

9514 1404 393

Answer:

  see attached

Explanation:

Assuming flow is uniform across the cross section of the artery, the mass flow rate is the product of the volumetric flow rate and the density.

  (5 cm³/s)(1.06 g/cm³) = 5.3 g/s

If we assume the blood splits evenly at the bifurcation, then the downstream mass flow rate in each artery is half that:

  (5.3 g/s)/2 = 2.65 g/s

__

The average velocity will be the ratio of volumetric flow rate to area. Upstream, that is ...

  (5 cm³/s)/(π(0.25 cm)²) ≈ 25.5 cm/s

Downstream, we have half the volumetric flow and a smaller area.

  (2.5 cm³/s)/(π(0.15 cm)²) ≈ 35.4 cm/s

A glass tube is inserted into a flowing stream of water with one opening directed upstream and the other end vertical. If the water velocity is 3 m/s, how high will the water rise in the vertical leg relative to the level of the water surface of the stream?

Answers

Answer:

[tex]h=0.46m[/tex]

Explanation:

From the question we are told that:

Velocity of water [tex]V=3m/s[/tex]

Height=?

Generally, the equation for Water Velocity is mathematically given by

[tex]V=\sqrt{2gh}[/tex]

Therefore Height h is given as

[tex]h=\frac{v}{2g}[/tex]

[tex]h=\frac{3^2}{2*9.81}[/tex]

[tex]h=0.46m[/tex]

A 35kg block of mass is subjected to forces F1=100N and F2=75N at agive angle thetha= 20° and 35° respectively.find the distance it slides in 10seconds if the kinetic coefficient is 0.4.

Answers

Answer:

21 m

Explanation:

Since F₁ = 100 N and acts at an angle of 20° to the horizontal, it has horizontal component F₁' = 100cos20° = 93.97 N and vertical component F₁" = 100sin20° = 34.2 N.

Also, F₂ = 75 N and acts at an angle of -35° to the horizontal, it has horizontal component F₂' = 75cos(-35°) = 75cos35° = 61.44 N and vertical component F₂" = 75sin(-35°) = -75sin35° = -43.02 N

The resultant horizontal force F₃' = F₁' + F₂' = 93.97 N + 61.44 N = 155.41 N

The resultant vertical force F₃" = F₁" + F₂" = 34.2 N - 43.02 N = -8.82 N

If f is the frictional force on the block, the net horizontal force on the block is F = F₃' - f.

Since f = μN where μ = coefficient of kinetic friction = 0.4 and N = normal force on the block.

For the block to be in contact with the surface, the vertical forces on the block must balance.

Since the normal force, N must equal the resultant vertical force F₃" and the weight, W = mg of the object for a zero net vertical force,

N = mg + F₃" (since both the weight and the resultant vertical force act downwards)

N = mg + F₃"

Since m = mass of block = 35 kg and g = acceleration due to gravity = 9.8 m/s² and F₃" = 8.82 N

So,

N = mg + F₃"

N = 35 kg × 9.8 m/s² + 8.82 N

N = 343 N + 8.82 N

N = 351.82 N

So, the net horizontal force F = F₃' - f.

F = 155.41 N - 0.4 × 351.82 N

F = 155.41 N - 140.728 N

F = 14.682 N

Since F = ma, where a = acceleration of block,

a = F/m = 14.682 N/35 kg = 0.42 m/s²

To find the distance the block moved, x we use the equation

x = ut + 1/2at² where u = initial speed of block = 0 m/s, t = time = 10 s and a = acceleration of block = 0.42 m/s²

Substituting the values of the variables into the equation, we have

x = ut + 1/2at²

x = 0 m/s × 10 s + 1/2 × 0.42 m/s² × (10 s)²

x = 0 m + 1/2 × 0.42 m/s² × 100 s²

x = 0.21 m/s² × 100 s²

x = 21 m

So, the distance moved by the block is 21 m.

The purification of hydrogen gas is possible by diffusion through a thin palladium sheet. Calculate the number of kilograms of hydrogen that pass per hour (in kg/h) through a 4.0-mm thick sheet of palladium having an area of 0.25 m^2 at 500°C. Assume a diffusion coefficient of 6.0 x 10^-8 m^2/s, that the concentrations at the high- and low-pressure sides of the plate are 3.5 and 0.25 kg/m^3 (kilogram of hydrogen per cubic meter of palladium), and that steady-state conditions have been attained. (clearly show your solution step by step, pay attention to units otherwise you will lose points!)

Answers

Man I don't have a clue, but this stuff sounds interesting

Rafel knows that lessons learned is a valuable aid to future projects. When should he and his team address
lessons learned on a project?
Select an answer:
Add lessons learned as a topic in status meetings
Review past lessons learned so a new one does not have to be created,
Create lessons learned at the end of the project.
Brainstorm lessons learned at the beginning of a project

Answers

Answer: Create lessons learned at the end of the project.

Explanation:

Lessons learned are the experiences that are gotten from a project which should be taken into account for the future projects. Lesson learned are created at the end of the project.

The main objective of the lessons learned is that they show both the positive experience and the negative experience of a project and this will help the future projects that will be undertaken.

The load on a bolt consists of an axial pull of 10 KN together with a transverse shear force of 5 KN. Find the diameter of bolt required according to I. Maximum principal stress theory; 2. Maximum shear stress theory; 3. Maximum principal strain theory, 4. Maximum strain energy theory, and 5 Maximum distortion energy theory. Take permissible tensile stress at elastic limit = 100 MPa and poisson's ratio = 0.3​

Answers

Answer:

hey. its a big question. solved from *c hegg

Explanation:

Uses of P-N junction

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

Two that come to mind:

a semiconductor diode is essentially a PN junctiona transistor is made of two pn junctions.

The base of an aluminum block, which is fixed in place, measures 90 cm by 90 cm, and the height of the block is 60 cm. A force, applied to the upper face and parallel to it, produces a shear strain of 0.0060. The shear modulus of aluminum is . What is the displacement of the upper face in the direction of the applied force

Answers

The question is incomplete. The complete question is :

The base of an aluminum block, which is fixed in place, measures 90 cm by 90 cm, and the height of the block is 60 cm. A force, applied to the upper face and parallel to it, produces a shear strain of 0.0060. The shear modulus of aluminum is [tex]3.0 \times 10^{10} \ Pa[/tex] . What is the displacement of the upper face in the direction of the applied force?

Solution :

The relation between shear modulus, shear stress and strain,

[tex]$\text{Shear modulus, S =} \frac{\text{Shear stress}}{\text{shear strain}}$[/tex]

Shear stress = shear modulus (S) x shear strain

                     [tex]$=3 \times 10^{10} \times 0.0060$[/tex]

                     [tex]$=1.80 \times 10^8$[/tex] Pa

                     [tex]$=180 \times 10^6$[/tex] Pa

                     [tex]$=180 \ MPa$[/tex]

The length represents the distance between the fixed in place portion and where the force is being applied.

Therefore,

[tex]$\text{Displacement} = \text{shear strain} \times \text{length}$[/tex]

                     = 0.006 x 60 cm

                      = 0.360 cm

                      = 3.6 mm

Thus, the displacement of the upper face is 3.6 mm in the direction of the applied force.

Suppose that you have a block of copper which is 300 g. Relevant material parameters follow.

Material atomic weight Density
Copper 63.5 g/mol 8.96 g/cm^3

Using equipartition, compute the molar heat capacity in J/mol K.

Answers

Answer:

[tex]C_v= 24.942[/tex] J / mol K

Explanation:

Molar Heat Capacity

using the equipartition, the equation :

[tex]$C_v=\frac{d}{2} R$[/tex]

Here, [tex]C_v[/tex] = molar heat capacity

          d = degree of freedom

          R = Universal gas constant

Degree of freedom, d is 6          

Universal gas constant, R = 8.317 J/ mol K

Therefore, the molar heat capacity is :

[tex]$C_v=\frac{d}{2} R$[/tex]

[tex]$C_v=\frac{6}{2} \times 8.314$[/tex]

[tex]C_v= 24.942[/tex] J / mol K

To avoid a possible collision with a manned airplane, you climb your unmanned aircraft to yield the right of way. In doing so, your unmanned aircraft reached an altitude greater than 600 feet AGL. To whom must you report the deviation?

Answers

Answer:

you have to report to the federal aviation administration upon request

Explanation:

An unmanned aircraft can also be a drone it is an aircraft that does not have passengers or a human pilot.

Such an aircraft could be fully autonomous but most times they have a human pilot who controls it remotely.

Now you have to report this deviation to the federal aviation administration. This body is responsible for the enforcement of regulations that have to do with the manufacture, operation and maintenance of aircrafts. The body makes sure there is an efficient and safe system for a navigation and they also control air traffic.

the heat treatment process depends on 3 steps according to the time-temperature cycle. Name and Briefly describe each one​

Answers

Explanation:

there are three stages of heat treatment

1.hit the metal slowly to ensure that the metal maintains a uniform temperature

2.soak or hold the metal at a specific temperature for a alloted period of time

3.cool the metal to room temperature

I want to explain what 2000 feet looks like to young children so that they can imagine it in class

Answers

Answer:

maybe take a really common toy kids play with or often see, find the average height for the toy and do the math to see how many of those toys stacked ontop of eachother would make up 2000 feet. For example (this isn't accurate btw just an idea of what it would sound like but) "Have you ever seen a barbie doll? well if you stack 400 barbie dolls ontop of their head it would be equal to 2000 feet."

Explanation:

sometimes taking common or beloved objects children have into your examples makes them have a better image of how small or how big something is.

What are three types of land reform ​

Answers

Answer:

Abolition of intermediaries (rent collectors under the pre-Independence land revenue system); Tenancy regulation (to improve the contractual terms including the security of tenure); A ceiling on landholdings (to redistributing surplus land to the landless);

Types of Land Reform

Abolition of Intermediaries

The first step taken by the Indian government under land reforms post-independence was passing the Zamindari Abolition Act. The primary reason of a backward agrarian economy was the presence of intermediate entities like, jagirdars and zamindar who primarily focussed on collecting sky-rocketing rents catering to their personal benefits, without paying attention to the disposition of farms and farmers. Abolition of such intermediaries not only improved conditions of farmers by establishing their direct connection with the government but also improved agricultural production.

Regulation of Rents

This was in direct response to the unimaginably high rents which were charged by intermediaries during British rule, which resulted in a never-ending cycle of poverty and misery for tenants. Indian government implemented these regulations to protect farmers and labourers from exploitation by placing a maximum limit on the rent that could be charged for land.

Tenure Security

Legislations were passed in all states of the country to grant tenants with permanent ownership of lands and protection from unlawful evictions on expiry of the lease. This law protects tenants from having to vacate a property immediately after their tenure is over unless ordered by law. Even in that case, ownership can be regained by tenants with the excuse of personal cultivation.

Other Questions
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