The loose ends are tied up during the project closure phase in the project life cycle.Project closure phaseThe last phase of the project life cycle is the project closure phase. This is when the project is formally completed, and all the deliverables are approved and accepted by the stakeholders.
During this phase, the project manager will close all project accounts, prepare a final project report, and hold a final project review with the project stakeholders.The primary purpose of the project closure phase is to ensure that all loose ends are tied up before the project team is disbanded.
It also includes releasing the resources back to their original departments, conducting a project review, and archiving the project documents for future reference. The project manager's job is to ensure that the project is closed efficiently and effectively, with all requirements met, and the stakeholders are satisfied.
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give 5 examples of
1.responsible user of media information
2.Competent producer of media information
Responsible users of media information critically evaluate and ethically use the information they consume, while competent producers create accurate and engaging content through thorough research and responsible attribution.
1. A responsible user of media information is someone who critically evaluates the information they consume, considers its credibility and reliability, and uses it ethically and responsibly. Here are five examples of responsible media usage:
- Fact-checking: A responsible user would verify the accuracy of the information they come across by cross-referencing it with multiple reliable sources before accepting and sharing it.
- Understanding bias: They would recognize that media sources may have their own biases and take that into account when interpreting the information presented.
- Recognizing misinformation: They would be able to identify false or misleading information and refrain from spreading it further.
- Respecting privacy: A responsible user would be mindful of others' privacy and not share personal information or sensitive content without consent.
- Engaging in constructive discussions: They would participate in respectful and informed conversations about media topics, encouraging healthy dialogue and avoiding spreading rumors or hate speech.
2. A competent producer of media information is someone who creates content that is accurate, well-researched, and presents information in a clear and engaging manner. Here are five examples of competent media production:
- Conducting thorough research: A competent producer would gather reliable and up-to-date information from credible sources to ensure the accuracy of their content.
- Proper attribution: They would give credit to the original sources when using others' work or ideas, respecting intellectual property rights.
- Using diverse perspectives: A competent producer would strive to include different viewpoints to provide a well-rounded representation of the topic being discussed.
- Ensuring clarity and simplicity: They would present information in a way that is easy to understand, using clear language and visuals to enhance comprehension.
- Fact-checking before publishing: A competent producer would verify the accuracy of their content, double-checking facts and figures to avoid spreading misinformation.
In summary, responsible users of media information critically evaluate and ethically use the information they consume, while competent producers create accurate and engaging content through thorough research and responsible attribution.
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A local retailer tracks its inventory weekly and finds that shrink (amount lost due to accidents, theft, etc.) follows a normal distribution with expected value $3,000 and standard deviation $500 What is the probability the shrink is less than $2800 next week? Explain in excel with norm.dist
To find the probability of the shrink less than $2,800 next week with the provided data, the Excel's `NORM.DIST` function will be used. NORM.DIST is a statistical function that returns the normal distribution for a specified mean and standard deviation.
Given, expected value (μ) = $3,000Standard deviation (σ) = $500Amount of shrink required is x = $2,800Using the NORM.DIST function; the formula to find the probability of the shrink less than $2,800 is: NORM. DIST (x, μ, σ, cumulative) Where; x = $2,800μ = $3,000σ = $500cumulative = TRUE The cumulative argument is set to TRUE, which means that we want to find the probability that the shrink will be less than $2,800.
If we were to find the probability that the shrink is more than $2,800, the cumulative argument will be set to FALSE. Then, the formula will be written as; `=NORM.DIST(2800,3000,500, TRUE) `Evaluating the formula in Excel gives a probability of 0.2743 (rounded to 4 decimal places).Therefore, the probability that the shrink is less than $2,800 next week is 0.2743.
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When the government issues bonds the price of bonds rises and the interest rate falls the price of bonds fall and the interest rate rises both the price of bonds and the interest rate falls both the price of bonds and the interest rate rises
When the government issues bonds, it affects the price of bonds and the interest rate.These changes in the price of bonds and the interest rate are influenced by the supply and demand dynamics in the bond market. Let's break down the different scenarios:
When the government issues bonds, the price of bonds rises and the interest rate falls. This happens because when the government issues more bonds, there is an increased supply of bonds in the market. As a result, investors may be willing to pay a higher price for the existing bonds, which drives up their price. On the other hand, when the government reduces the supply of bonds, the price of bonds falls and the interest rate rises.If the government decides to issue fewer bonds, there will be a decreased supply of bonds in the market.
As a result, investors may be less willing to pay a high price for the existing bonds, leading to a decrease in their price. Additionally, since there are fewer bonds available, the demand for new bonds may increase, causing the interest rate to rise. So, to summarize: When the government issues more bonds, the price of bonds rises and the interest rate falls. When the government issues fewer bonds, the price of bonds falls and the interest rate rises. It's important to note that other factors can also impact the price of bonds and the interest rate.
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The more cash that the public wishes to hold, the higher the money supply
. true or false. explain
The given statement "The more cash that the public wishes to hold, the higher the money supply" is False.
Money supply refers to the amount of currency in circulation within an economy at a specific time. It includes all money types, including coins, notes, and money held in bank accounts or other forms of financial instruments.
When the public holds more cash, it results in a decrease in the money supply rather than an increase in the money supply. When people keep more cash, it results in a lower amount of money available for banks to lend. Thus, there will be less lending, less borrowing, and less spending in the economy, which will cause the money supply to fall.Therefore, we can conclude that the more cash that the public wishes to hold, the lower the money supply. Hence the given statement is False.
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You have purchased a property. The bank required your
loan-to-value ratio to be 85%. If the property increased in value
by 20%, what is your pre-tax capital gain rate of return? Show your
work.
The pre-tax capital gain rate of return is 20% due to a 20% increase in property value.
To calculate the pre-tax capital gain rate of return, we need to consider the initial loan-to-value (LTV) ratio and the increase in property value.
Let's assume the initial property value is P and the loan amount is L. The bank required an LTV ratio of 85%, which means the loan amount is 85% of the property value. Therefore, we can express the initial property value as:
P = L / 0.85
If the property value increases by 20%, the new property value is:
New P = P + 0.2P = P(1 + 0.2) = P(1.2)
Now, the capital gain is the difference between the new property value and the initial property value:
Capital Gain = New P - P = P(1.2) - P = 0.2P
The pre-tax capital gain rate of return is the capital gain divided by the initial investment:
Rate of Return = (Capital Gain / P) * 100 = (0.2P / P) * 100 = 20%
Therefore, the pre-tax capital gain rate of return is 20%.
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Let's say you deposited $170,000 in a 529 plan (a tax advantaged college savings plan) hoping to have $440,000 available 11 years later when your first child starts college. However, you didn't invest very well, and 2 years later the account balance dropped to $150,000. Let's look at what you need to do to get the college savings plan back on track.
a. What was the original annual rate of return needed to reach your goal when you started the fund 2 years ago?
b. With only $150,000 in the fund and 9 years remaining until your first child starts college, what annual rate of return would the fund have to make to reach your $440,000 goal if you add nothing to the account?
c. Shocked by your experience of the past 2 years, you feel the college fund has invested too much in stocks, and you want a low-risk fund in order to ensure you have the necessary $440,000 in 9 years. You are willing to make end-of-the-month deposits to the fund as well. You find you can get a fund that promises to pay a guaranteed annual return of 4 percent which is compounded monthly. You decide to transfer the $150,000 to this new fund and make the necessary monthly deposits. How large of a monthly deposit must you make into this new fund?
d. After seeing how large the monthly deposit would be (in part c of this problem), you decide to invest the $150,000 today and $350 at the end of each month for the next 9 years into a fund consisting of 50 percent stock and 50 percent bonds and hope for the best. What APR would the fund have to earn in order to reach your $440,000 goal?
In order to get the college savings plan back on track, several calculations need to be made. Firstly, the original annual rate of return needed to reach the goal when the fund was started 2 years ago.
a. To calculate the original annual rate of return needed, the future value of $170,000 after 9 years is computed using the formula for compound interest, considering the current balance of $150,000. The original rate of return needed to reach the goal can be determined from this calculation.
b. With $150,000 in the fund and 9 years remaining, the annual rate of return required to reach the $440,000 goal is calculated using the future value formula.
c. To determine the monthly deposit required in the new low-risk fund with a guaranteed annual return of 4 percent, the future value of the monthly deposits and the current balance of $150,000 are calculated using the formula for compound interest.
d. If $150,000 is invested today and monthly deposits of $350 are made for 9 years in a mixed fund, the APR required to reach the $440,000 goal is calculated using the future value formula.
By performing these calculations, the necessary adjustments and decisions can be made to ensure the college savings plan gets back on track and meets the desired goal.
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if ehermes is evaluating the likelihood that its large corporate clients might demand a greater share of profits, it is considering which competitive force?
Therefore, it is imperative for Hermes to analyze the bargaining power of its large corporate clients to remain competitive in the market.
If Hermes is assessing the probability that its significant corporate clients may require a higher share of profits, it is analyzing the bargaining power of buyers. Bargaining power is one of Porter's Five Forces, which is used to analyze a company's competitiveness in the industry. Bargaining power determines how much a customer can influence a seller's pricing and quality, which in turn determines the level of competitiveness in the industry. High bargaining power of buyers suggests that buyers have a significant impact on prices and quality. In such a situation, buyers have numerous choices, making it difficult for companies to increase prices or lower the quality of their goods and services.Hermes Group is a French luxury fashion brand that manufactures leather products, home furnishings, and perfumes. It is a high-end brand that caters to a niche market. It means that the brand has a limited number of customers who are willing to pay for its high-priced goods. In this context, if Hermes is evaluating the likelihood that its significant corporate clients may require a higher share of profits, it is analyzing the bargaining power of buyers.Bargaining power is one of the essential factors in the competitive analysis of a company. It determines how much the customers can influence a seller's pricing and quality. The higher the bargaining power of buyers, the higher the competition in the industry. It suggests that buyers have more options and, as a result, have a significant impact on prices and quality. It makes it difficult for companies to increase prices or lower the quality of their goods and services without losing customers. Therefore, it is imperative for Hermes to analyze the bargaining power of its large corporate clients to remain competitive in the market.
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1. Would you call Andrew Carnegie a "robber baron" or would you prefer some other title? Why? 2. Define the U.S. policy of imperialism AND do you believe it was a good policy or bad? Back up your argument with facts from the text, Kipling, etc.
When discussing Andrew Carnegie, some may consider him a "robber baron," while others may prefer a different title. This is because opinions on his role in the industrialization era differ.
To support the argument of labeling Carnegie as a "robber baron," one can highlight his ruthless business practices. He gained immense wealth through methods such as vertical integration, where he controlled every aspect of the production process, eliminating competition. Carnegie was also known for paying low wages and subjecting workers to poor working conditions. Critics argue that these practices exploited both workers and smaller businesses, allowing Carnegie to amass a significant fortune.
Opponents of imperialism, however, argue that it involved the subjugation and exploitation of indigenous peoples, often resulting in cultural destruction and economic inequality. They criticize the policy for being driven by a desire for power and resources, disregarding the self-determination of other nations. To form an argument about the goodness or badness of imperialism, one must examine different perspectives and analyze the historical consequences. Drawing on factual evidence from sources like Kipling's poem "The White Man's Burden" can help support arguments for or against imperialism. It is important to consider the diverse impacts and consequences of this policy on both the United States and the territories affected.
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CASE STUDY: 7-ILLUSTRATIONS STRATEGIC PLANNING DURING COVID-19 7-Illustrations were retained to develop a strategy to support the company's growth vision and to bolster its marketing efforts specifically in the areas of brand recognition, marketing communications, and sales support tools and programs. Developed and implemented a formal strategic planning process to articulate a new vision for the company and to develop specific action plans and priorities in support of the new vision. The planning process and background work included interviews with numerous employees, key customers, and supplier partners. A deliverable from the strategic planning process was the development of an integrated sales and marketing plan, along with recommendations of resources to implement the plan in order to achieve sales goals consistent with the attainment of company growth objectives. Before the emergency of COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria, the firm has consistently grown more than 20 percent a year since the implementation of a new strategic plan which began in 2018. In addition, the company is now recognized as a brand leader in its category and has launched several innovative product and service solutions which have positioned the company as an effective competitor against much larger providers with whom they compete. By implementing a marketing plan and market segmentation process, the company significantly enhanced its brand leadership with key customers in growing market segments such as pharmaceuticals, medical and health \& beauty. Questions: a. Describe the type of planning adopted by 7-Illustration? ( 5 Marks) b. What are some of the actions employed by 7-Illustration to achieve the set plans? ( 5 Marks) c. Mention two benefits that 7-Illustration derived from the strategic planning. ( 5Marks ) d. Recommend to 7-Illustration some planning Techniques he could adopt in order to maintain sustainable growth of the company.( 5 Marks) e. Explain to the CEO the importance of adopting Portfolio Strategy in his company.( 5 Marks)
According to the question For a. Strategic planning , b. Actions: Interviews, integrated plan, market segmentation, innovation, resource allocation , c. Benefits: Growth, brand recognition , d. Techniques: Scenario planning, monitoring , e. Importance: Resource optimization, risk diversification, adaptability, value maximization.
7-Illustrations adopted a strategic planning approach to support its growth vision and strengthen its marketing efforts. The company implemented a formal strategic planning process, conducting interviews with employees, customers, and suppliers to gather valuable insights.
The benefits derived from strategic planning include consistent annual growth of over 20% since 2018 and recognition as a brand leader in the industry. To maintain sustainable growth, the company can consider techniques such as scenario planning to anticipate challenges and continuous monitoring for timely adjustments.
Adopting a portfolio strategy is crucial for resource allocation, risk diversification, adaptability to market changes, and maximizing overall value creation.
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As leverage goes up
both business and financial risk faced by equityholders increase.
the business risk faced by equityholders increases.
firm WACC increases.
equityholder risk goes up but the expected return decreases.
the financial risk faced by equityholders increases.
According to the problem As leverage goes up, the financial risk faced by equity holders increases.
Financial risk refers to the risk or uncertainty associated with a company's financial structure and ability to meet its financial obligations. It involves the potential for financial loss or negative impact on earnings and cash flow due to factors such as high levels of debt, interest rate fluctuations, inability to generate sufficient cash flow, or poor financial management. Financial risk affects the stability and solvency of a company and can have implications for its shareholders and creditors.
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Blue Ivy Bhd is a manufacturing company that produces solar energy on small scales of production. On average, the company has annual eamings before interest and tax (EBIT) of RM3 million in perpetuity. At present, the optimal debt-to-equity ratio of Blue Ivy Bhd has remained at 0.25. The cost of issuing debt is 6% per year with the interest cost paid at RM240,000 annually. The unlevered cost of capital is 15%. Required: c. Blue Ivy plans to issue additional debt and buy back some of its own shares as part of its capital restructuring plan. Based on the Modigliani and Miller's propositions, briefly discuss the effect of the capital restructuring plan on company value and return on equity: i. if the company is exempted from tax ii. if the company is paying a corporate tax (5 marks) d. Blue Ivy is planning to increase the gearing ratio in its capital structure in the future. Explain the impact of an excessive level of gearing on the trade-off between the tax shield on debt and the cost of financial distress.
Based on Modigliani and Miller's propositions, the capital restructuring plan of Blue Ivy Bhd would have different effects on company value and return on equity depending on whether the company is exempt from tax or paying corporate tax.
i. If the company is exempt from tax: According to Modigliani and Miller's propositions, in a world without taxes, the capital structure of a firm does not affect its value. Therefore, the capital restructuring plan of issuing additional debt and buying back shares would have no impact on the company's value or return on equity.
ii. If the company is paying a corporate tax: In the presence of corporate taxes, Modigliani and Miller's propositions suggest that the value of a leveraged firm is higher than that of an unleveraged firm. This is because interest payments on debt are tax-deductible, creating a tax shield that reduces the overall tax burden. As a result, the capital restructuring plan of increasing debt and buying back shares would increase the value of Blue Ivy Bhd. However, the return on equity may decrease due to the higher cost of debt compared to equity.
Excessive levels of gearing, or high debt levels, can have an impact on the trade-off between the tax shield on debt and the cost of financial distress. On one hand, debt provides a tax shield as interest payments are tax-deductible, reducing the company's tax liability. This tax shield increases with higher debt levels, leading to potential tax savings.
On the other hand, a high level of gearing increases the financial risk of the company. If the company faces financial distress or is unable to meet its debt obligations, it may result in bankruptcy or financial difficulties. The cost of financial distress includes expenses such as bankruptcy costs, legal fees, and loss of reputation, which can significantly impact the company's value.
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Question 1: "Monetary economics, which has both micro economic and macroeconomic components, is concerned with the nature, function, and influence of money and credit, policy and institutions on economic activity. Analyst are of the views that impact of the recent pandemic and luck-down is more of monetary economics". 1. How true is this statement? 2. With the help of some visible examples, explain the likely micro and macro monetary consequences of the pandemic on: b. Individuals Households, c. Cooperate Organizations d. Government 3. Advice the government on any FIVE (5) measures to be taken to reduce the negative impact of the pandemic on economic agents and activities.
Monetary economics is a branch of economics that focuses on the role of money in the economy and its effects on various economic variables, such as inflation, interest rates, and economic growth.
1. The statement is true. The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the monetary economics of different countries in different ways, both at the microeconomic and macroeconomic levels.
2. The likely micro and macro monetary consequences of the pandemic on different economic agents are as follows: Individuals and Households: Due to the pandemic and subsequent lockdown, individuals and households have experienced a decline in their income and purchasing power
Cooperate Organizations: Due to the pandemic, most businesses had to shut down temporarily, and the demand for their goods and services decreased drastically. As a result, they have incurred losses, and some have even gone bankrupt. In addition, the prices of raw materials and other inputs have increased due to supply chain disruptions.
Government: Due to the pandemic, governments have had to spend more on healthcare, relief measures, and economic stimulus packages. As a result, their budget deficits have increased. In addition, the tax revenues have decreased, leading to a decline in their ability to spend on social welfare measures and infrastructure projects.
3. The government should take the following measures to reduce the negative impact of the pandemic on economic agents and activities: Provide financial assistance to small and medium-sized businesses that have been affected by the pandemic. Reduce interest rates to encourage borrowing and spending.
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Quince, Inc. uses a process costing system It prepares a production cost report for each processing department. How will the managers of Cince use these production corps to prepare the balance sheet at the end of an accounting period?
OA. to determine the amount of current liabilitiof the period
COB. to determine the cost of goods sold during the period
OC. to determine the balance of inventory accounts
OD. to determine the amount of revenues generated during the period
The most suitable answer among the options provided would be to determine the cost of goods sold during the period. Option B is the correct answer.
The production cost reports prepared for each processing department in a process costing system provide managers with valuable information regarding the costs incurred in the production process. However, these reports are primarily used for internal management purposes and are not directly linked to the preparation of the balance sheet.
The balance sheet is a financial statement that provides a snapshot of a company's financial position at a specific point in time, typically at the end of an accounting period. It includes information about a company's assets, liabilities, and shareholders' equity.
The production cost reports are more relevant to determining the cost of goods sold (COGS) during the period. COGS is an expense item that represents the direct costs associated with the production of goods sold by a company. The production cost reports help in tracking and allocating the costs incurred in each processing department, which are then used to calculate the COGS.
The balance of inventory accounts, which includes raw materials, work-in-progress, and finished goods, is determined through other means such as physical inventory counts and reconciliations. The production cost reports may provide supporting information for the valuation of the inventory, but they are not the primary tool used for determining the balance of inventory accounts. Option B is the correct answer.
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Marketing:
Companies often introduce products using a low
introductory price. What are the pros and cons of this
practice as they relate to customers, competition and company (16
pts)? Even though we
Introduction of products using a low introductory price by companies is a common marketing strategy that has both pros and cons as it relates to customers, competition and the company.
In this answer, we will explore these pros and cons in detail.As it relates to customers, the pros of this strategy are:It enables the customers to try new products at a lower price.It helps to build customer loyalty by giving them access to the products they desire at an affordable price.
The cons of this strategy as it relates to customers are:Customers may become dissatisfied with the product when the introductory period ends, and the price increases.Costs may increase after the introductory period ends, resulting in customers having to pay a higher price.
As it relates to competition, the pros of this strategy are:It can help companies penetrate new markets by offering low introductory prices that competitors cannot match.It helps to build customer loyalty by giving them access to the products they desire at an affordable price.
The cons of this strategy as it relates to competition are:Competitors can counter this strategy by offering even lower prices for the same products.Competitors may engage in predatory pricing tactics to drive the company out of the market by offering lower prices.
As it relates to the company, the pros of this strategy are:It can help the company achieve market share goals by penetrating new markets with low introductory prices.It can help the company build brand loyalty by giving customers access to products they desire at an affordable price.The cons of this strategy as it relates to the company are:It can lead to reduced profit margins in the short term if the low introductory price is too low.
It may be difficult to raise prices after the introductory period ends, resulting in the company earning less revenue.To conclude, the low introductory price strategy has both pros and cons as it relates to customers, competition and the company. Companies need to weigh these factors carefully when deciding to use this strategy.
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In which type of unemployment do workers find it hard to obtain new jobs without retraining, gaining additional education, or relocating?
O frictional
O structural
O cyclical
Therefore, The correct option is structural unemployment. Workers may remain unemployed for a long period, which can lead to unemployment-related issues like poverty, social exclusion, and mental health problems.
The type of unemployment where workers find it hard to obtain new jobs without retraining, gaining additional education, or relocating is known as Structural Unemployment.
Structural unemployment happens when there is a long-term mismatch between labor supply and labor demand. This can happen when the supply of workers who are available for work does not fit the current need of employers.
In other words, it can arise due to changes in the economic conditions or due to changes in the structure of the economy. For example, technological advancements, globalization, and changes in consumer demand can all cause structural unemployment.
In the case of structural unemployment, the labor market fails to provide enough jobs for all workers. It's difficult for workers to find new jobs without retraining, gaining additional education, or relocating as the skills demanded by the employers may have changed.
Therefore, workers may remain unemployed for a long period, which can lead to unemployment-related issues like poverty, social exclusion, and mental health problems.
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Generally, a firm is able to find positive NPV opportunities among its 1. 1) financing decisions; 2. II) capital investment decisions; 3. III) short-term borrowing decisions Tonly ll only Ill only I and Ill only
NPV (Net Present Value) is a financial metric used to determine the profitability of a project or investment. It measures the present value of cash inflows generated by a project against the present value of cash outflows incurred as a result of the project.
Generally, a firm can find positive NPV opportunities among its capital investment decisions.
A positive NPV means that the present value of cash inflows is higher than the present value of cash outflows. Therefore, the investment or project is expected to generate profits for the firm.
A capital investment decision is a long-term investment that involves purchasing fixed assets like land, building, machinery, etc. These investments generate cash inflows over a long period of time, hence it is important to calculate the present value of these cash inflows and compare it against the present value of cash outflows to determine the profitability of the investment.
On the other hand, financing decisions and short-term borrowing decisions do not generate cash inflows over a long period of time. Financing decisions involve raising capital from equity or debt, while short-term borrowing decisions involve borrowing money to meet short-term needs like paying bills, salaries, etc.
Therefore, the answer is that a firm is able to find positive NPV opportunities among its capital investment decisions.
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1. According to Classical economists, if the quantity of labor demanded exceeds the
quantity supplied, there is a
A) surplus of labor and wages will fall.
B) shortage of labor and wages will fall.
C) surplus of labor and wages will rise.
D) shortage of labor and wages will rise.
2. Classical economists defended the economic concept of
A) government intervention in the marketplace.
B) prolonged recession and high rates of unemployment.
C) Keynesian economists.
D) free markets solving economic problems.
3. According to Keynes low interest rates
A) is a disincentive for banks to make loans.
B) will cause savers to save more.
C) will make sure that Say's Law always holds.
D) will get banks to loan out most of the money deposited in the banks.
1. A) surplus of labor and wages will fall.
2. D) free markets solving economic problems.
3. B) will cause savers to save more.
What happens when the quantity of labor demanded exceeds the quantity supplied according to Classical economists?1. According to Classical economists, if the quantity of labor demanded exceeds the quantity supplied, there is a surplus of labor and wages will fall.
This means that there are more people seeking employment than there are available job opportunities. As a result, employers have the upper hand in negotiations and can lower wages due to the abundance of labor supply.
How did Classical economists defend the economic concept?2. Classical economists defended the economic concept of free markets solving economic problems.
They believed that in a free market, the forces of supply and demand would naturally lead to efficient outcomes and economic growth.
They advocated for minimal government intervention and trusted that market mechanisms would allocate resources and determine prices in the most optimal way.
What is the impact of low interest rates according to Keynes?3. According to Keynes, low interest rates will cause savers to save more. Keynes argued that when interest rates are low, the return on savings diminishes, making saving less attractive.
As a result, people are less motivated to save and more inclined to spend their money, stimulating economic activity and boosting aggregate demand.
Keynes believed that increased spending would help address economic downturns and stimulate economic growth.
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What would be the impact on sales if the promotion
budgeted were doubled?
Promotions and advertisement are key marketing tactics used to drive sales and increase revenue for businesses. An increase in promotion budget could be expected to cause an increase in sales. Therefore, doubling the promotion budget will have a positive impact on sales.
Here's how:
Sales could increase significantly when promotion is doubled. An increase in the budgeted promotion will result in a more intense promotional campaign. It will result in more promotions through various advertising media, like TV, Radio, Print media, Internet marketing, and others. Doubling promotion budgeting means that the business will have more resources to carry out promotional activities like media advertisements, sales promotions, online promotions, etc.
The business will have the resources to engage in more promotions with greater intensity. This can result in a higher customer engagement, which, in turn, leads to more sales. Doubling the promotion budget means the business can reach a broader audience, which increases the chances of generating more sales. An increased promotion budget could be used to create more attractive sales promotions, which will attract more customers.
These promotions could include discounts, free gifts, or bundling offers. The aim is to make the products or services more attractive to customers, thereby increasing sales. Finally, in the short term, the business may experience an increase in revenue, profits, or both. However,
it is essential to note that other factors like competition and the economy also influence sales. Therefore, the promotion budget is not the only factor that determines sales.
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Consider the following cash flows ($)
Year 0 -600
Year 1 300
Year 2 400
Year 3 100
The discount rate is 11%.
The NPV is $__________________.
Round-off to an INTEGER.
The Net Present Value (NPV) of the given cash flows, discounted at a rate of 11%, is $64. A positive NPV indicates that the cash flows are expected to generate a return greater than the discount rate, making the investment potentially favorable.
The Net Present Value (NPV) of the given cash flows can be calculated by discounting each cash flow to its present value and summing present value of cash inflows and outflows, taking into account the time value of money.
To calculate the NPV, we need to discount each cash flow to its present value using the discount rate of 11%. The formula to calculate the present value (PV) of a cash flow is:
PV = CF / (1 + r)^n
Where:
CF = Cash flow in the respective year
r = Discount rate
n = Number of years
Using this formula, we can calculate the present value of each cash flow:
Year 0: PV = -600 / (1 + 0.11)^0
= -600
Year 1: PV = 300 / (1 + 0.11)^1
= 270.27
Year 2: PV = 400 / (1 + 0.11)^2
= 319.43
Year 3: PV = 100 / (1 + 0.11)^3
= 74.29
Now, we sum up the present values of all the cash flows:
NPV = PV(Year 0) + PV(Year 1) + PV(Year 2) + PV(Year 3)
= -600 + 270.27 + 319.43 + 74.29
= 63.99
rounding off to the nearest INTEGER, the NPV is $64.
The Net Present Value (NPV) of the given cash flows, discounted at a rate of 11%, is $64. A positive NPV indicates that the cash flows are expected to generate a return greater than the discount rate, making the investment potentially favorable.
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Zara’s just-in-time, vertically integrated model has served the firm well, but an excellent business is not a perfect business. Describe the limitations of Zara’s model and list steps that management might consider minimizing these vulnerabilities.
While Zara's just-in-time and vertically integrated model has been successful, it is not without limitations. Some limitations of Zara's model include:
Supply Chain Risks: Zara heavily relies on its suppliers and manufacturing facilities to deliver products on time. Any disruptions in the supply chain, such as raw material shortages, transportation issues, or supplier failures, can impact the production and delivery of products.
Lack of Agility in Customization: Zara's focus on fast fashion and quick turnaround times limits its ability to offer a high level of customization. Customers seeking highly personalized products may not find the desired options in Zara's limited product range.
High Dependence on Physical Stores: Zara's model relies heavily on brick-and-mortar stores for sales. In the age of e-commerce and changing consumer preferences, this dependence on physical stores can be a vulnerability if not adequately balanced with an online presence.
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outsourcing industries in Bangladesh( discuss these... logistics, HR, IT, manufacturing etc)
please don't just copy directly from the internet
give your opinions and thoughts
Its for the reflection paper
Outsourcing industries in Bangladesh are contributing to the country's economic growth. Bangladesh is becoming a popular destination for outsourcing for several reasons.
The country has a large population of educated and skilled workers who are ready to work for lower wages compared to those in the Western countries. This makes it cost-effective for companies to outsource their operations to Bangladesh.
Outsourcing is prevalent in various sectors in Bangladesh, including logistics, HR, IT, manufacturing, among others. The logistics industry in Bangladesh is one of the fastest-growing in the country. Many multinational companies outsource their logistics services to Bangladesh. The reason behind it is that the country has a vast network of transportation facilities, and it is a gateway to the South Asian market.
The HR outsourcing industry in Bangladesh is also growing rapidly. Many multinational companies prefer to outsource their HR services to Bangladesh because of the availability of a skilled workforce. The country has a large pool of human resources with expertise in different HR domains.
The IT outsourcing industry is another area where Bangladesh has made significant progress in recent years. Many IT companies outsource their operations to Bangladesh to take advantage of the low costs and the availability of skilled resources. The country has a large pool of IT professionals with expertise in different domains, including software development, web development, digital marketing, etc.
Finally, the manufacturing industry in Bangladesh is also a popular destination for outsourcing. The country has a vast workforce with expertise in various manufacturing domains. Many multinational companies outsource their manufacturing operations to Bangladesh to take advantage of the low costs and the skilled workforce.
In conclusion, outsourcing industries in Bangladesh are contributing significantly to the country's economic growth. The country has a vast pool of skilled and educated workers, making it an attractive destination for outsourcing. The logistics, HR, IT, and manufacturing sectors are some of the areas where outsourcing is prevalent in Bangladesh. As such, Bangladesh has become a popular destination for outsourcing for various reasons, including low costs, skilled workforce, among others.
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Dog Up! Franks is looking at a new sausage system with an installed cost of $886,193. This cost will be depreciated straight-line to 69,747 over the project's 7-year life, at the end of which the sausage system can be scrapped for $90,116. The sausage system will save the firm $227,554 per year in pretax operating costs, and the system requires an initial investment in net working capital of $67,101. If the tax rate is 0.39 and the discount rate is 0.11, what is the total cash flow in year 7 ? (Make sure you enter the number with the appropriate +/− sign)
Dog Up! Franks is considering a new sausage system with an installed cost of [tex]$886,193[/tex]. This cost will be depreciated straight-line to [tex]$69,747[/tex] over the 7-year life of the project, at the end of which the sausage system can be scrapped for [tex]$90,116[/tex]. In year 7, the total cash flow is[tex]$876,796[/tex].
The system will save the firm [tex]$227,554[/tex] per year in pretax operating costs, and the system requires an initial investment in net working capital of [tex]$67,101[/tex].The initial investment of the sausage system is:
Cash flow 0 =[tex]-($886,193) - ($67,101)[/tex]
= [tex]- $953,294[/tex]
The annual cash flow is calculated as follows:
Annual cash flow = (Revenue − Costs) × (1 − Tax rate) + Depreciation× Tax rate
Revenue = [tex]$0[/tex]
Costs =[tex]$227,554[/tex]
Tax rate = 0.39
Depreciation =[tex]($886,193 − $90,116)[/tex]/7
=[tex]$105,357[/tex]
YearAnnual Cash Flow
[tex]0-953,2941$129,9582$129,9583$129,9584$129,9585$129,9586$129,9587$196,068[/tex] (End of life scrap value)
Total cash flow = Sum of Annual cash flows + Scrap value
= [tex]$129,958[/tex] + [tex]$129,958[/tex] + [tex]$129,958[/tex] + [tex]$129,958[/tex] + [tex]$129,958[/tex] + [tex]$129,958[/tex] + [tex]$196,068[/tex]
= [tex]$876,796[/tex]
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A company's forecast of demand in shown in the following table. Regular production costs $129 per unit with a monthly capacity of 58 units. Subcontracting costs $258 per unit and has unlimited capacity. It costs $14.5 per unit per month to hold inventory and $30 per unit per month to run backlogs. What is the total cost of holding inventory using a LEVEL aggregate plan?
To determine the total cost of holding inventory using a level aggregate plan, we need to calculate the number of units produced and the number of units backlogged for each month.
Here's how we can approach this:
1. Calculate the average monthly demand:
- Sum up the forecasted demand for each month.
- Divide the sum by the number of months to get the average monthly demand.
2. Calculate the number of units produced:
- The level aggregate plan produces a constant number of units each month.
- Calculate the average monthly demand divided by the regular production capacity to determine the number of units produced.
3. Calculate the number of units backlogged:
- If the demand exceeds the production capacity, there will be a backlog.
- Subtract the number of units produced from the monthly demand to determine the number of units backlogged.
4. Calculate the total cost of holding inventory:
- Multiply the number of units produced by the holding cost per unit per month.
- Multiply the number of units backlogged by the backlog cost per unit per month.
- Sum up the holding cost and backlog cost for each month to get the total cost of holding inventory.
Let's calculate the total cost of holding inventory using a level aggregate plan based on the provided information:
Month | Forecasted Demand
------|-----------------
Jan | 60
Feb | 50
Mar | 40
Apr | 70
May | 80
Jun | 60
1. Calculate the average monthly demand:
Total demand = 60 + 50 + 40 + 70 + 80 + 60 = 360
Average monthly demand = 360 / 6 = 60 units
2. Calculate the number of units produced:
Regular production capacity = 58 units
Number of units produced = Average monthly demand / Regular production capacity
= 60 / 58 (rounded up to the nearest whole number)
= 2 units (assuming fractions are rounded up)
3. Calculate the number of units backlogged:
Jan: 60 - 2 = 58 units
Feb: 50 - 2 = 48 units
Mar: 40 - 2 = 38 units
Apr: 70 - 2 = 68 units
May: 80 - 2 = 78 units
Jun: 60 - 2 = 58 units
4. Calculate the total cost of holding inventory:
Holding cost per unit per month = $14.5
Backlog cost per unit per month = $30
Jan: (2 units × $14.5) + (58 units × $30) = $869 + $1,740 = $2,609
Feb: (2 units × $14.5) + (48 units × $30) = $869 + $1,440 = $2,309
Mar: (2 units × $14.5) + (38 units × $30) = $869 + $1,140 = $2,009
Apr: (2 units × $14.5) + (68 units × $30) = $869 + $2,040 = $2,909
May: (2 units × $14.5) + (78 units × $30) = $869 + $2,340 = $3,209
Jun: (2 units × $14.5) + (58 units × $30) = $869 + $1,740 = $2,609
Total cost of holding inventory = $2,609 + $2,309 + $2,009 + $2,909 + $
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Advocates of floating exchange rates contend that this system provides all of the following advantages except it eves monetary anthorities more autonomy than would a foed exchange rate system provises for small. continucus changes in exchange rates rather than large changes an absorb economic shocks better than would a fued exchange rate system permias zoveruments to neutralise shortrun fluctuations in exchange rates
Advocates of floating exchange rates contend that this system provides all of the following advantages except it allows governments to neutralize short-run fluctuations in exchange rates. According to advocates of floating exchange rates, this system provides several advantages.
But one of the disadvantages is that it permits governments to neutralize short-run fluctuations in exchange rates. By comparison, a fixed exchange rate system would give central banks greater control over the value of their currency against other currencies. The following are the advantages of the floating exchange rate system, which is promoted by its supporters.
It provides monetary authorities with more autonomy than a fixed exchange rate system would. It permits small, continuous changes in exchange rates rather than large changes, which is an advantage in terms of economic stability. It can better absorb economic shocks than a fixed exchange rate system can.
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A company issues $5,000,000, 7.8%, 20-year bonds to yield 8% on January 1, 2019. Interest is paid on June 30 and December 31. The proceeds from the bonds are $4,505,180. Using straight-line amortization, 1. what is the carrying value of the bonds on December 31, 2021? 2. What is interest expense in 2021?
The carrying value of the bonds on December 31, 2021The carrying value of the bonds on December 31, 2021 can be calculated using the straight-line amortization method.
Under this method, the interest expense is allocated evenly over the life of the bond.The face value of the bond = $5,000,000The coupon rate = 7.8%The proceeds from the bonds = $4,505,180.The difference between the face value of the bond and the proceeds from the bond will be amortized over the life of the bond.
Total Discount = Face Value - Proceeds from the bonds
= $5,000,000 - $4,505,180
= $494,820.Since the bond has a term of 20 years, it has 80 semi-annual periods over its life period. The bond's annual interest payment = 7.8% of $5,000,000
= $390,000. The semi-annual interest payment
= $195,000. The bond's interest expense
= Discount/Number of Interest Payments
= $494,820/80 = $6,185.25.Carrying value on December 31, 2021
= $4,505,180 + $6,185.25 × 39
= $4,744,733.752. Interest expense in 2021The bond's interest payment is made on June 30th and December 31st. Therefore, in 2021, there will be two interest payments. Each of the two payments equals to $195,000 since the bond's annual interest payment = $390,000. Hence, the bond's interest expense in 2021
= $195,000 + $195,000
= $390,000.
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Which IHRM approach is most appropriate for a UAE company developing a regional focused CSR policy focused on sustainable development
The most suitable approach for an UAE company that is developing a regionally focused corporate social responsibility (CSR) policy that concentrates on sustainable development is localization.
This approach is most appropriate for UAE firms because it fosters trust and helps organizations build and maintain strong relationships with local communities and governments. This, in turn, leads to greater opportunities for business growth, innovation, and improved decision-making, as well as greater profitability, increased employee engagement, and greater stakeholder trust.
Localization involves training and employing local personnel, respecting and supporting local customs and traditions, contributing to local charities and community events, and respecting local regulations and ethical codes. By embracing localization, UAE businesses can demonstrate that they are committed to sustainability and social responsibility, thereby enhancing their reputation and brand image.
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benefits of using management accounting to support decision making
give example donot copy paste give me answera s soona s possible
write 1500 words
Management accounting is a discipline of accounting that involves providing financial and non-financial information to managers and decision-makers within an organization. The goal is to help managers make informed decisions that will lead to better organizational performance.
One benefit of using management accounting to support decision-making is that it provides accurate and timely information about the financial performance of the organization. This information can help managers make informed decisions about how to allocate resources, such as capital investments and operating expenses. For example, if a company has excess cash, management accounting can help managers decide whether to use that cash to invest in new projects or to pay dividends to shareholders.
Another benefit of using management accounting is that it can help managers identify areas where the organization is not performing as well as it should be. For example, if a company's profit margins are declining, management accounting can help managers identify the reasons for the decline and develop strategies to address the issue. This could involve reducing costs, increasing sales, or a combination of both.
Overall, there are many benefits of using management accounting to support decision-making processes. Additionally, by identifying areas for improvement and opportunities for growth, management accounting can help the organization to remain competitive in the marketplace.
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The producer price index contains a. revenues received by producers, including excise taxes paid. b. a fluctuating bundle of consumer goods and services. c. price indexes for approximately 500 mining and manufacturing industries. d. information from the consumer expenditure survey.
The correct answer is c. price indexes for approximately 500 mining and manufacturing industries.
The Producer Price Index (PPI) is an economic indicator that measures the average change over time in the prices received by domestic producers for their output. It focuses on goods and services at various stages of production, such as raw materials, intermediate goods, and finished goods. The PPI provides information on price trends and inflationary pressures in the production sector of the economy.Option a is incorrect because the PPI does not include revenues received by producers, including excise taxes paid. It specifically focuses on price changes rather than revenue.Option b is incorrect because the PPI is not based on a fluctuating bundle of consumer goods and services. It is centered on producer prices, not consumer prices.Option d is incorrect because the PPI is not derived from the Consumer Expenditure Survey. The Consumer Expenditure Survey is a separate survey conducted by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics to gather information on household spending patterns and consumer prices.For more questions on price indexes:
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1) ( 50 pts.) Optimal Lot Size, i.e., the Optimal Lot Size problem: Use the following notation. b= cost per unit of inventory, S=cost per setup, L= lot size, C= Total Cost =Inventory Cost + Setup Cost. Briefly explain in words what the optimal lot size problem is about. Prove that the optimal lot size L=(2SQ/b)
0.5
. Draw a graph to illustrate the solution.
The optimal lot size problem is about determining the most cost-effective quantity to order or produce in order to minimize total costs. It takes into account the cost per unit of inventory (b), the cost per setup (S), the lot size (L), and the total cost (C) which includes both inventory cost and setup cost. The goal is to find the lot size that minimizes the total cost.
To prove that the optimal lot size (L) is equal to (2SQ/b)^0.5, we can start by considering the total cost equation. The inventory cost is proportional to the lot size (L) multiplied by the cost per unit of inventory (b), and the setup cost is proportional to the setup cost (S) divided by the lot size (L). So the total cost equation becomes:
C = bL + S(S/L)
To find the minimum total cost, we can take the derivative of the total cost equation with respect to the lot size (L) and set it equal to zero:
dC/dL = b - S(S/L² = 0
Simplifying the equation, we get:
L² = (S²/b)
Taking the square root of both sides gives us:
L = (2SQ/b)^0.5
Therefore, the optimal lot size is equal to (2SQ/b)^0.5.
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Faced by financial distress during the Covid-19 pandemic, Distress Corp. is deciding whether
to invest in a new project. The project would have to be financed by equity with the initial cost
of $2,500. The project will return $2,500 in one year. The discount rate for both bonds and
stock is 10% and the tax rate is zero. The predicted cash flows are $4,500 in an economic
boom, $3,000 in a normal period and $1,000 in a recession. Each economic outcome is equally
likely, and the promised debt repayment is $3,000.
1) What is the expected payoff for bondholders before the project? (2.5 marks)
2) What is the expected payoff for bondholders assuming that the company takes the project?
(2.5 marks)
3) What is the expected payoff for shareholders before the project? (2.5 marks)
4) What is the expected payoff for shareholders assuming that the company takes the project?
(2.5 marks)
5) Would shareholders want managers to take the project? (2 marks) Why? What selfish
strategy does this case illustrate? (3 marks)
6) Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? A firm's stockholders will never
want the firm to invest in negative NPV projects in any circumstances (2 marks) Why? (3
marks)
1) The expected payoff for bondholders before the project is:
3,000 x 0.1 = 3002)
The expected payoff for bondholders assuming that the company takes the project is:
((4,500 x 1/3) + (3,000 x 1/3) + (1,000 x 1/3)) x 0.1 +3,000 - 2,500 = 316.67.
3) The expected payoff for shareholders before the project is zero as the firm has no earnings and the stock price would be zero.4) The expected payoff for shareholders assuming that the company takes the project is:
((4,500 x 1/3) + (3,000 x 1/3) + (1,000 x 1/3)) - 2,500 = 166.67.5)
No, shareholders would not want managers to take the project because the expected payoff is negative for shareholders.
This case illustrates the selfish strategy of the managers, who are willing to take projects that benefit themselves but not the shareholders.
6) Disagree. Shareholders may want the firm to invest in negative NPV projects if they believe that the investment will provide other benefits such as increasing the market share, or if they have non-financial goals such as corporate social responsibility. However, such investments should be made only if the expected benefits outweigh the expected costs.
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