A geneticist finds that a strain of bacteria to produces a non-functional sigma factor. Which among the following steps in transcription would most likely be first affected?

A.Assembly of RNAP onto the DNA strand

B.Identification and binding of RNAP on to the promoter sequence

C.Conversion of open initiation complex to closed initiation complex

D.Synthesis of RNA after the formation of open initiation complex

Answers

Answer 1

Answer

D

The transcription factors and RNA polymerase form a complex called the transcription initiation complex. This complex initiates transcription, and the RNA polymerase begins mRNA synthesis by matching complementary bases to the original DNA strand.


Related Questions

Muscle weakness is associated with Vit A/ Vit E/ Vit K/ Protein deficiency

Answers

Sorry if it wrong but I think it is Nerves, or blood vessels

Answer:

Low vitamin E levels may result in Muscle weakness: for the central nervous system, vitamin E is vital. It is one of the major antioxidants in the body and a shortage causes oxidative stress that can lead to weakening in muscles.

Explanation:

The body needs to work with vitamin E and become a necessary vitamin. It is fat-soluble, thus it has to be effectively absorbed in fat from the food. Before being released to the bloodstream for usage, vitamin E is mostly kept in the liver.

The deficiency is unusual and usually caused by an understatement. There are also modest levels of preterm newborns.

Eight kinds of vitamins exist. A blood test allows a physician to know how much a person has of an alpha-tocopherol form. Use this information to establish if the total vitamin E level of a person is present.

A standard level is typically between 5.5 and 17 milligrams (mg/L) per litre. For premature infants and youngsters under 17 years, the typical range may be different. The Normal scope may also be somewhat different amongst laboratories.

If an adult has less than 4 mg/L of vitamin E in his or her blood, supplementation is usually necessary.

A student is conducting their science experiment on the effects of sugar on bullfrogs. He has 3 groups of test subjects. 1 group of frogs that receives nothing, they are the control group. The 2nd group of frogs receives half a sugar pill each, and the 3rd group receives a whole sugar pill each. He will measure their activity levels and jump heights after giving them the pills. When he is setting up his data table, what should go in the first column?

Answers

Answer:

Group 1 of frogs.

Explanation:

It is the first thing because you have to note which of the frogs you're talking about before you start.

When the tetrads are formed
during meiosis, what is the
benefit of crossing over?
A. The chromosomes double in number.
B. The chromosomes exchange genetic
information.
C. The chromosomes are reduced by half.

Answers

Answer:

B. The chromosomes exchange genetic information.

Explanation:

Crossing over of tetrads during meiosis is very important for the exchange of genetic information.

This step of meiosis allows for each chromosome to be genetically unique and distinct from the others, creating genetic variation.

Crossing over does not double the number of chromosomes or reduce the number. The number of chromosomes stays the same.

So, the correct answer is B. The chromosomes exchange genetic information.

The change that occurs at point C could be caused by Multiple choice question. A) increased predation by wolves. B) a wet year with increased vegetative growth. C) increased competition from moose herds. D) a dry year with decreased vegetative growth.

Answers

Answer:

The answer is "Option B"

Explanation:

A wet season with increased plant growth is indicated by the fact that the population of Elks from beginning point C attained maximum population size (K100) and remained stable until point D. That's why the difference at point C could be due to the a wet year still higher plant growth.

1) What is the function of the plasma membrane? (5pts)

2) How does high and low temperature affect a plasma membrane's fluidity? (5pts)

3) How does passive transport differ from active transport? (5pts)

4) What are the three main types of passive transport? Describe each of them. (5pts)

5) List the three types of tonic solutions and describe which way water moves in each one. (5pts)

Answers

Answer:

1.Plasma membrane is a semi permiable layer present in a plant cell.it allows only selected substances to pass in and out of the cell.

Why did the White House experience water damage ?

1.
It is made of granite which is strong.

2. It is made of sandstone which is very porous and is easily penetrated by rainwater

3. It is made of non-porous sedimentary rock

Answers

The White House building is made of sandstone which is very porous as a result water is easily penetrated inside it which causes damage and make the walls of building weak.

The White House is made of gray-colored sandstone that is brought from quarry in Aquia, Virginia. The north and south porticos of white house building are constructed with red Seneca sandstone brought from Maryland. These sandstones are porous in which rainwater is easily penetrated in it that cause damage to the white house building so it is concluded that the building is made of porous sandstone.

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The development of DNA technology is bringing profound changes to science, agriculture and healthcare. Provide one example of a DNA technology and provide at least one advantage and one example of a concern or problem associated with its use.

Answers

Answer:

The CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing system can be used to edit genes and correct mutations associated with inherited diseases. However, this technology also has the potential to edit genes in germline cells in order to irreversibly modify the human species and the natural evolution of life

Explanation:

The CRISPR-Cas9 (Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated protein 9) system is a natural prokaryotic defense system used by bacteria to defend against invading DNA. In the laboratory, the CRISPR-Cas9 system has been repurposed to create a versatile genome-editing tool that allows us to modify the genome of mammalian cells in a targeted fashion. The CRISPR-Cas9 is a simple gene-editing tool that consists of a single guide RNA (sgRNA) that guides the Cas9 enzyme to the exact genomic location where Cas9 needs to make a cut, which is then repaired by different DNA repair mechanisms. During DNA repair, nucleotides can be replaced and/or deleted, thereby producing desired genomic modifications. The CRISPR-Cas9 has an enormous potential to repair mutations in genes associated with inherited genetic disorders and cancer (i.e., oncogenes might be reversed in vivo by using this technology). However, the CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing system is also a subject of concern due to its dual use. For example, this technology can be used to modify the genome of germline cells by inducing mutations that can be passed across generations, thereby irreversibly modifying human DNA and altering the normal course of evolution.

Step One: Anatomical Developments
Match the following anatomical developments (A-J) with the number where they occur on the Hominin Anatomy Phylogeny (below).
A. decreased prognathism, moderate sized molars, phalanges not curved (derived), Found in South Africa, still relatively small brain (-450cc)
B. canine reduction, lower jaw tooth row shape intermediate between parallel and parabolic, have footprints explicitly displaying bipedal
patterns, curved phalanges
C. further brain expansion, decrease in teeth size, decrease in brow ridges, flattening of the face, mental eminence, vertical forehead
D. megadontia complex (huge molars, jaws, and chewing muscles), slight increase in cranial capacity (410-530cc)
E. femur and pelvis indicate capable of bipedalism
F. brain expansion, megadontia reduction, smaller less projecting face, smaller jaws
G. occipital bun common, retromolar space, robust postcrania, relatively short limbs
H. further brain expansion, reduction in teeth, face, and jaws, increased brow ridges, increased body size
1. loss of honing complex, obligate bipedalism, curved phalanges (primitive), parallel tooth row shape
J. foramen magnum position indicates likely capable of bipedalism

Answers

A. Hoomo ergaster & Hoomoo erectus

B. Hoomoo erectus

C. Hoomoo ergaster

D. Hoomoo Habilis

E. Hoomoo ergaster and Hooomo erectus

F. Hoomo Habilis

G. Hoomoo erectus

H. Hoomoo ergaster

I. Hoomoo ergaster and Hoomoo erectus

J. Hoomoo erectus

Homooo erectus fossils are found in China and Indonesia. They have widest part of brain case at cranial base.

They have reduced post canine and decrease jaw size. They have shorter forelimbs and are bipeds.

Homooo habiliss are dimorphic species which have long forelimbs and shorter forelimbs.

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what is the full form of ATP?​

Answers

Answer:

ATP stands for Adenosine triphosphate, an organic molecule responsible for driving nearly all cellular mechanisms and processes in living organisms. Hence, biologists often refer to ATP as the “energy currency of the cell.”

Rain and snow are two forms of ____________.

Answers

Precipitation is any type of water that forms in the Earth's atmosphere and then drops onto the surface of the Earth.
The rain that falls from clouds but freezes before it reaches the ground is called sleet or ice pellets.
Snow is precipitation that falls in the form of ice crystals
Hail forms when very cold water droplets freeze, or turn solid, as soon as they touch things like dust or dirt
Water vapor in the atmosphere is visible as clouds and fog.

Answer:

precipitation

Explanation:

The most common types of precipitation are rain, hail, and snow. Rain is precipitation that falls to the surface of the Earth as water droplets.

Name the two layers that make up the skin, and identify a function for each layer.

Answers

Dermis and epidermis
Epidermis help us to protect the inner organs and also the dermis
The epidermis, the outermost layer of skin, provides a waterproof barrier and creates our skin tone.

The dermis, beneath the epidermis, contains tough connective tissue, hair follicles, and sweat glands.

dna is located in the what of the cell and makes up what found there

Answers

Most DNA is located in the cell nucleus (where it is called nuclear DNA), but a small amount of DNA can also be found in the mitochondria (where it is called mitochondrial DNA or mtDNA). Mitochondria are structures within cells that convert the energy from food into a form that cells

Which organelle is labeled A?

Answers

Is their a diagram or picture?

With increases in CO2 in the atmosphere, _______ are expected to experience the largest temperature increases, while __________ are expected to experience the least.

Answer choices
high latitude oceans; high latitude land surfaces
high latitude land surfaces; low latitude oceans
low latitude oceans; high latitude oceans
low latitude land surfaces; high latitude landsurface

Answers

Answer:

The first option would be the best.

Explanation:

The oceans heat up first before the atmosphere does.

If you compare the histone modifications at the imprinting center on the maternal and paternal chromosomes, you would expect to see ____________ on the maternal chromosome and ____________ on the paternal chromosome.
a. activating marks like H3K9 acetylation; silencing marks like H3K9 methylation
b. silencing marks like H3K9 methylation; activating marks like H3K9 acetylation

Answers

Answer:

b. silencing marks like H3K9 methylation; activating marks like H3K9 acetylation

Explanation:

Genomic imprinting is an epigenetic phenomenon that leads to parent-of-origin-specific monoallelic expression, thereby genes under imprinting are differentially expressed depending on their parental origin. Genomic imprinting involves DNA methylation, histone modification such as histone 3 lysine 9 methylation (H3K9) and non-coding RNA regulatory epigenetic pathways, which act together to silence one parental gene form or 'parental allele'. Maternal imprinting occurs when the maternal allele is silenced (usually caused by methylation of the maternal allele), whereas paternal imprinting occurs when the paternal allele is silenced (methylation of the paternal allele). Moreover, H3K9 acetylation is connected with active promoters (gene transcription). The imprinted genes are generally grouped in genomic regions called imprinting centers (ICs) that regulate gene expression according to the parental origin.

draw an animal cell and label it's parts

Answers

Explanation:

Labeled Animal Cell!

. ;

Here is a labeled animal cell!!

Explain about Photosynthesis . ?​

Answers

Answer:

Plants and other creatures utilize photosynthesis to convert light energy into chemical energy, which is then released to power the organism's metabolic processes through cellular respiration.

OAmalOHopeO

Answer:

its basically a process thats plants use and many other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy that helps them grow and without it, plants would go bye bye . :)

Explanation:

Learned it in science class lol.

4. Which of the following are extra senses that vertebrates may have? (Choose all that apply)
magnetoreception
proprioception
baroception
o nociception

Answers

Answer:

- Proprioception

- Magnetoreception

- Nociception

The following are the extra senses that vertebrates may have:

Magnetoreception. Proprioception.Nociception.

Thus, the correct options are A, B, and D.

What is Vertebrate?

Vertebrates may be defined as those groups of animals that possess a backbone or spinal column. It includes mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fishes.

Magnetoreception is a sense that allows the organisms to detect the senses of the Earth's magnetic field and responds to it. Proprioception may be defined as a sort of sense that allows your body abilities to sense movement, action, and location.

Nociception may completely depend on the sensory nervous system that process in response to encoding noxious stimuli.

Therefore, the correct options for this question are A, B, and D.

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Which of the following is NOT a function of behavior?
A. To produce ATP.
B. To find food.
C. To reproduce.
D. To avoid predators.

Answers

Answer:

A to produce ATP as you are subconsciously producing ATP and you can not control it

Explanation:

To find food, to reproduce, and to avoid predators all are the functions of behavior except the production of ATP. Thus, the correct option is A.

What are the functions of behavior?

Behavior is the range of actions and manners which are made by individuals, systems or artificial entities in a given environment. This can include other systems or organisms as well as inanimate physical environment.

The four main functions of behavior of an organism are attention, escape, access, and sensory needs. These four functions allow us to understand and categorize someone's actions, as well as determine the behavior of organisms such as finding food, reproduction, and avoiding the predators.

Therefore, the correct option is A.

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. Calculate the 3 difference between food chain and food web

Answers

FOOD CHAIN AND FOOD WEB

A linear pathway showing the flow of energy . A multitude of networks showing the flow of energy

An organism of higher level trophic feeds on a specific organism of lower trophic level An organism of higher trophic level has access to more members of a lower trophic level.

Has no effect on the adaptability and competitiveness of organisms. Has a role in improving the adaptability and competitiveness of an organism.

Answer:

A linear pathway showing the flow of energy . A multitude of networks showing the flow of energy

An organism of higher level trophic feeds on a specific organism of lower trophic level An organism of higher trophic level has access to more members of a lower trophic level.

Has no effect on the adaptability and competitiveness of organisms. Has a role in improving the adaptability and competitiveness of an organism

Explanation:

what is photosynthesis​

Answers

Answer:

The process of making food by Green plants (autotroph) is called photosynthesis. For performing photosynthesis water, sunlight and carbon dioxide are used by the plants.

They take sunlight from sun, water from soil and carbon dioxide gas from the air present around us. The leaves have small holes called stomata which allows air to enter the plant. Leaves also contains chlorophyll in them which traps sunlight and helps in making food. Roots of plants absorbs water and Minerals from the soil and transfers them leaves through stem.

The chemical equation for the photosynthesis

is -

carbon dioxide + water -> glucose + oxygen + energy

[tex] \huge \boxed{\mathfrak{Question} \downarrow}[/tex]

What's photosynthesis?

[tex] \large \boxed{\mathfrak{Answer \: with \: Explanation} \downarrow}[/tex]

Photosynthesis is the process in which green plants derive their food (nutrients and water) through the capturing of light energy (sunlight) and using it to convert carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) into oxygen (O2) and other substances (compounds) that are rich in energy. Chlorophyll a green pigment present in plants is used in this process.

__________________

Formula ⟶ [tex]\boxed{\bf\:6CO_2 + 6H_2O \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2} [/tex]

__________________

So, the products of photosynthesis are [tex]\large\boxed{\boxed{\bf\:C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2}}[/tex]

what is a benefit of genetic engineering?

Answers

Answer:

Some benefits of genetic engineering in agriculture are increased crop yields, reduced costs for food or drug production, reduced need for pesticides, enhanced nutrient composition and food quality, resistance to pests and disease, greater food security, and medical benefits to the world's growing population.

Answer:

all benefits:

More nutritious food.

increased crop yields

reduced costs for food

 reduced need for pesticidesgreater food security

I hope that this helps :)

What could explain how
antibiotics harm bacteria without
hurting the human taking them?

Answers

Because the antibiotics fight the bad bacteria that your body doesn’t need versus fighting the good bacteria that your body does need.

Our body needs both vitamin and mineral in a small quantity ,still they are important why?​

Answers

Answer:

Vitamins and minerals are considered essential nutrients—because acting in concert, they perform hundreds of roles in the body. They help shore up bones, heal wounds, and bolster your immune system. They also convert food into energy, and repair cellular damage.

Una de las aplicaciones más importa del electromagnetismo son

Answers

Answer:

Las principales aplicaciones del electromagnetismo se emplean en: La electricidad. El magnetismo. La conductividad eléctrica y superconductividad.

Explanation:

What is the correct chronological order of the steps leading to protein synthesis?
rRNA, mRNA, DNA, protein
mRNA, DNA, rRNA , protein
DNA, mRNA, rRNA, protein
rRNA, DNA, mRNA, protein

Answers

Answer:

the third option is the right one.

Explanation:

m RNA gets its information from DNA and then sends it to rRNA which will later turn the message into a protein.

How might human anatomy be different today if the forerunners of humans had never inhabited the forest canopy

Answers

Explanation:

Humans would likely have never gained opposable thumbs because there would be no need to grasp as well as the shoulders because there would be no reason to move our arms in any direction.

All of the members of a particular species that live in one area are called a(an):
A) biotope
B) community
C) ecosystem
D) biosphere
E) population

Answers

Answer:

Population

Explanation:

population- all the members of one species in a particular area.

Population

Explanation: A population comprises individuals of the same species. ... In short, a population only refers to one species, but a community refers to all living species within a certain area.

Hope this helps :))

Problems that animal species overcome by their dispersion

Answers

killing other animals.........................

2. Why do scientists often use thermoacidophile group of archaebacteria for research?

Answers

Archaebacteria have some unique characteristics.

Although members of kingdom Archaebacteria share many characteristics with members of kingdom Eubacteria, some of their characteristics are unique.

One such characteristic is the ability of archaea to live in extreme conditions.

What is Thermoacidophile archaebacteria?

Thermoacidophile archaebacteria are a type of archaea that thrive in extremely hot and strong acidic (with low PH) environments. Thermoacidophile archaebacteria can be found in harsh environments such as in geothermal area, in the deep ocean vents and hot springs. Most of the

Thermoacidophile archaebacteria are chemotrophs (converts chemicals to food). They use sulfur as their energy source. They absorb the sulfur gas that is being released in their environment and reduce it to hydrogen sulphide, fixing it into an energy source.

Thus, this could be the answer.

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