The car's velocity, in vector form, when it hits the ground is approximately 14.2 m/s at an angle of 41.3 degrees downward from the horizontal.
To find the car's velocity when it hits the ground, we need to calculate the time it takes to fall from the cliff. The height of the cliff is 30 meters, and we can use the equation of motion for vertical motion:
[tex]\[ h = \frac{1}{2} g t^2 \][/tex]
where h is the height, g is the acceleration due to gravity (approximately 9.8 m/s^2), and t is the time. Rearranging the equation to solve for t:
[tex]t = \sqrt{\frac{2h}{g}}[/tex]
Plugging in the values, we get:
[tex]\[t = \sqrt{\frac{{2 \cdot 30}}{{9.8}}} \approx 2.17 \text{ seconds.}\][/tex]
Now, we can find the velocity of the car horizontally. The car has an acceleration of 5 m/s^2 for a distance of 20 meters, so we can use the equation of motion:
v = u + at,
where v is the final velocity, u is the initial velocity (0 m/s since the car starts from rest), a is the acceleration, and t is the time. Plugging in the values, we get:
v = 0 + (5 * 2.17) ≈ 10.85 m/s.
The velocity is only horizontal at this point, and the direction is determined by the angle of the cliff. Since the car falls straight down, the direction is downward.
Finally, we combine the horizontal and vertical velocities to get the resultant velocity vector. Using the Pythagorean theorem:
[tex]\[\text{{resultant velocity}} = \sqrt{{v_{\text{{horizontal}}}^2 + v_{\text{{vertical}}}^2}} = \sqrt{{(10.85)^2 + (9.8)^2}} \approx 14.2 \, \text{{m/s}}\][/tex]
The direction of the resultant velocity vector can be found using trigonometry. The angle between the resultant velocity and the horizontal axis is given by:
[tex]\(\theta = \arctan\left(\frac{{v_{\text{{vertical}}}}}{{v_{\text{{horizontal}}}}}\right)\)\\\(\theta = \arctan\left(\frac{{9.8}}{{10.85}}\right) \approx 41.3\) degrees.[/tex]
Therefore, the car's velocity, in vector form, when it hits the ground is approximately 14.2 m/s at an angle of 41.3 degrees downward from the horizontal.
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Two people stand on opposite ends of a long sled on frictionless ice. The sled is oriented in the east-west direction, and everything is initially at rest. The western person then throws a ball eastward toward the eastern person, who catches it. Describe, from the options listed below, what happens to the sled as a result, and justify your answer.
a) the sled moves eastward and then ends up at rest
b) the sled moves eastward and then ends up moving westward
c) the sled moves westward and then ends up at rest
d) the sled moves westward, and then ends up moving eastward
e) the sled doesn’t move at all
When the western person then throws a ball eastward toward the eastern person, who catches it, the sled moves westward and then ends up at rest.
The initial momentum of the system (sled + two people) is zero because everything is initially at rest. When the western person throws the ball, the ball acquires some momentum in the eastward direction. According to the law of conservation of momentum, the total momentum of the system remains constant unless there is an external force acting on it. Since there is no external force acting on the system, the total momentum of the system remains zero even after the ball is thrown. So, the momentum acquired by the ball in the eastward direction is balanced by an equal momentum acquired by the sled and the people standing on it in the opposite (westward) direction.
According to Newton's third law of motion, for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. Therefore, when the western person throws the ball towards the eastern person, there will be an equal and opposite reaction that will transpire, and the sled will move in the opposite direction with the same magnitude as that of the ball. The sled will move towards the west as the ball moves towards the east since they have equal and opposite momentums.
The sled and the people standing on it will move in the opposite direction to that of the ball being thrown. Thus, the sled moves in the westward direction and then comes to rest after the ball is caught by the person standing on the eastern end of the sled. Hence, the correct answer is Option C) the sled moves westward and then ends up at rest.
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A spark plug in an automobile engine consists of two metal conductors that are separated by a distance of 0.63 mm. When an electric spark jumps between them, the magnitude of the electric field is 5.3×10
7
V/m. What is the magnitude of the potential difference ΔV between the conductors? Number Units
The potential difference ΔV between the conductors is 3.339 × 10^4 volts.
To determine the magnitude of the potential difference ΔV between the conductors, you can use the formula:
ΔV = Ed
Where:
ΔV is the potential difference,
E is the magnitude of the electric field, and
d is the separation distance between the conductors.
Plugging in the given values:
E = 5.3 × 10^7 V/m
d = 0.63 mm = 0.63 × 10^(-3) m
Calculating ΔV:
ΔV = (5.3 × 10^7 V/m) × (0.63 × 10^(-3) m)
= 3.339 × 10^4 V
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We have a cube that has a mass of 1.5 kg and each of its edges is 10 cm. Determine
its density in g/cm3 and in kg/m3
A cube has a mass of 1.5 kg and each of its edges is 10 cm. Its density is around 1.5 * 10² kg/m³.
To determine the density of the cube, we need to use the formula:
Density = Mass / Volume
First, let's calculate the volume of the cube. Since each of its edges is 10 cm, the volume can be calculated as:
Volume = (Edge length)³
Converting the edge length from centimeters to meters:
Edge length = 10 cm = 0.1 m
Now, we can calculate the volume:
Volume = (0.1 m)³ = 0.001 m³
Next, we substitute the given mass into the formula:
Density = Mass / Volume = 1.5 kg / 0.001 m³ = 1500 kg/m³
Density = 1.5 * 10⁸ g/cm³ * (1 kg / 1000 g) * (1 m / 100 cm)³
Density = 1.5 * 10⁸ / (1000 * 100³) kg/m³
Density = 1.5 * 10⁸ / (10^6) kg/m³
Density = 1.5 * 10² kg/m³
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The figure shows an arrangement of two -4.7 nC charges, each separated by 5.0 mm from a proton. If the two negative charges are held fixed at their locations and the proton is given an initial velocity v as shown in the figure, what is the minimum initial speed v ( in km/s) that the proton needs to totally escape from the negative charges? (k = 1/4πε0 = 8.99 × 109 N.m2/C2, e = 1.60 × 10-19 C, mproton = 1.67 x 10-27 kg)
The initial minimum speed that the proton needs to totally escape from the negative charges is v = 9.82 km/s.
Given Data :
Two negative charges of -4.7 nC each separated by a distance of 5.0 mm
Magnetic force formula : f = q(v × B)
where, B is the magnetic field
v is the velocity of the particle
q is the charge on the particlef is the magnetic force on the particle
Given, Charge q1 = Charge q2 = -4.7nC
Charge of proton, q3 = 1.6 x 10^-19C
Initial velocity of proton, v = ?
Distance between negative charges, r = 5 mm = 5 x 10^-3 m
Mass of proton, m = 1.67 x 10^-27 kg
We know that, Force between two charges, q1q2/4πε0r^2 = F' where F' is repulsive in nature
Due to repulsion, work done, W = Positive Work done is given as, W = F'd
where d is the distance moved by proton
If the proton is to be completely free from the two negative charges, then, the initial kinetic energy should be equal to the work done, W = 1/2mv^2
Equating work done and kinetic energy,
1/2mv^2 = F'dv = √(2F'd/m)
On substituting the values, v = 9.82 × 10^3 m/s = 9.82 km/s
Therefore, the initial minimum speed is v = 9.82 km/s.
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A person takes a trip, driving with a constant speed of 91.5 km/h, except for a 20.0-min rest stop. The person's average speed is 74.2 km/h.
(a) How much time is spent on the trip?
(b) How far does the person travel?
(a) The time spent on the trip is approximately 0.3334 hours or 20 minutes.
(b) The person travels approximately 24.735 kilometers.
Given:
Constant driving speed = 91.5 km/h
Rest stop duration = 20.0 min
(a) To calculate the total time spent on the trip, we need to consider both the driving time and the rest stop duration.
Rest stop duration = 20.0 min = 20.0 min × (1 h / 60 min) = 0.3333 h
The driving time is the total time minus the rest stop duration:
Driving time = Total time - Rest stop duration
Since the average speed is defined as the total distance traveled divided by the total time taken, we can express the total time as:
Total time = Total distance / Average speed
Substituting the given average speed of 74.2 km/h, we have:
Driving time = (Total distance / 74.2 km/h) - 0.3333 h
Now, let's solve for the total time:
Total time = (Total distance / 74.2 km/h) + 0.3333 h
Total time = Total distance / 74.2 km/h + 0.3333 h
(b) To calculate the total distance traveled, we can use the formula:
Total distance = Average speed × Total time
Substituting the expression for the total time from part (a), we have:
Total distance = 74.2 km/h × (Total distance / 74.2 km/h + 0.3333 h)
To simplify the equation, let's multiply through by 74.2 km/h:
Total distance × 74.2 km/h = 74.2 km/h × (Total distance / 74.2 km/h + 0.3333 h)
Simplifying further:
Total distance × 74.2 km/h = Total distance + 24.6986 km
Now, we can solve for the total distance:
Total distance × 74.2 km/h - Total distance = 24.6986 km
Total distance (74.2 km/h - 1) = 24.6986 km
Total distance = 24.6986 km / (74.2 km/h - 1)
Calculating the total distance:
Total distance ≈ 0.3334 h × 74.2 km/h ≈ 24.735 km
Therefore, the final answers are:
(a) The time spent on the trip is approximately 0.3334 hours or 20 minutes.
(b) The person travels approximately 24.735 kilometers.
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Calculate the mass of a shipment of frozen strawberries weighing 6860.0 N. Take the acceleration due to gravity to be 9.8 m/s2. Express your answer in pounds.
The mass of the shipment of frozen strawberries is approximately 1546.9943 pounds.
To calculate the mass of the shipment of frozen strawberries, we can use Newton's second law of motion, which states that the force acting on an object is equal to the mass of the object multiplied by its acceleration.
F = m * a
Where:
F is the force acting on the object (weight),
m is the mass of the object, and
a is the acceleration due to gravity.
In this case, the weight of the shipment is given as 6860.0 N and the acceleration due to gravity is 9.8 m/s^2.
So, we can rearrange the equation to solve for mass:
m = F / a
Substituting the given values:
m = 6860.0 N / 9.8 m/s^2
Calculating the mass:
m ≈ 700.8163 kg
To express the mass in pounds, we can use the conversion factor: 1 kg = 2.20462 pounds.
Converting the mass to pounds:
m ≈ 700.8163 kg * 2.20462 pounds/kg
m ≈ 1546.9943 pounds
Therefore, the mass of the shipment of frozen strawberries is approximately 1546.9943 pounds.
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object moves along the x axis according to the equation x=3.60t2−2.00t+3.00, where x is in meters and t is in seconds. (a) Determine the average speed between t=1.50 s and t=3.30 s. m/s (b) Determine the instantaneous speed at t=1.50 s. m/s Determine the instantaneous speed at t=3.30 s. m/s (c) Determine the average acceleration between t=1.50 s and t=3.30 s. m/s2 (d) Determine the instantaneous acceleration at t=1.50 s. m/s2 Determine the instantaneous acceleration at t=3.30 s. m/s2 (e) At what time is the object at rest? s
To solve this problem, we will differentiate the given equation with respect to time to find the velocity and acceleration functions.
Given equation: x = 3.60t^2 - 2.00t + 3.00
(a) Average speed between t = 1.50 s and t = 3.30 s:
To find the average speed, we need to calculate the total distance traveled divided by the total time taken. The total distance traveled is the change in position, which is x(3.30) - x(1.50). Divide this by the time interval, 3.30 s - 1.50 s, to get the average speed.
(b) Instantaneous speed at t = 1.50 s and t = 3.30 s:
To find the instantaneous speed, we need to calculate the magnitude of the velocity at those specific times. Take the derivative of the position equation with respect to time, which will give us the velocity function. Evaluate the velocity function at t = 1.50 s and t = 3.30 s to find the instantaneous speeds.
(c) Average acceleration between t = 1.50 s and t = 3.30 s:
To find the average acceleration, we need to calculate the change in velocity divided by the time interval. The change in velocity is the difference between the instantaneous velocities at t = 3.30 s and t = 1.50 s, divided by the time interval.
(d) Instantaneous acceleration at t = 1.50 s and t = 3.30 s:
To find the instantaneous acceleration, we need to take the derivative of the velocity function with respect to time. Evaluate the resulting acceleration function at t = 1.50 s and t = 3.30 s to find the instantaneous accelerations.
(e) To find when the object is at rest, we need to determine the time(s) when the velocity is zero. Set the velocity function equal to zero and solve for t.
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an ecologist hiking up a mountain may notice different biomes along the way due to changes in all of the following except: a. elevation
b. rainfall
C. latitude
d. temperature
An ecologist hiking up a mountain may notice different biomes along the way due to changes in all of the following except latitude. The correct answer is option C.
Latitude refers to the distance from the equator and plays an essential role in determining biomes. Biomes are affected by various factors, such as temperature, precipitation, and topography, and each has unique plant and animal life. Climate, precipitation, temperature, soil type, and elevation, all affect biomes.
Latitude, on the other hand, determines how much sun a location receives, which influences biomes, but it is not the only factor. Elevation and temperature play a crucial role in determining biomes because as altitude rises, temperature and precipitation tend to decrease, which influences the type of biome. Therefore, an ecologist hiking up a mountain may notice different biomes along the way due to changes in elevation, temperature, and precipitation, but not latitude.
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In the drawing above, what is vector r?
Write the algebraic equation for the vector addition shown above.
(a Vector r represents the sum of the two vectors x and y.
(b) The algebraic equation for the vector addition shown is r² = x² + y²
What is the resultant of the vectors?(a) The resultant of the vectors is the sum of the two vectors x and y which is given by vector r.
So vector r represents the sum of the two vectors x and y.
(b) The algebraic equation for the vector addition shown is determined by applying Pythagorean theorem as follows;
r² = x² + y²
where;
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Suppose you have two point charges each of 75nC. A How many millimeters apart must the two charges be to have a force of 0.75 N between them?
The distance between two point charges, each with a magnitude of 75 nC, should be approximately 105.8 mm in order for the force between them to be 0.75 N.
Two point charges each of 75nC.
Force between the two charges = 0.75 N.
We know that the force between two charges is given by Coulomb's Law as,
F = (1 / 4πε) × (q₁ q₂ / r²)
Where q₁ and q₂ are the magnitudes of the two charges, r is the distance between them and ε is the permittivity of free space.
In this problem, we have two point charges each of 75 nC and the force between them is 0.75 N.
Using Coulomb's Law,
0.75 = (1 / 4πε) × (75 × 10⁻⁹)² / r²
Where ε = permittivity of free space = 8.854 × 10⁻¹² N⁻¹m⁻².
r = distance between the two charges.
On solving the above equation, we get
r² = (1 / (4πε)) × (75 × 10⁻⁹)² / 0.75
r² = 0.01118m²
r = √0.01118m² = 0.1058m = 105.8 mm
Therefore, the distance between the two charges should be approximately 105.8 mm for them to have a force of 0.75 N between them.
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OHANPSE3 5.P.016. A tennis ball nf mass 57 g is initially at rest. While being hit, it experiences an average force of 52 N during a 0.146−s interval. What is its final velocity? m/s
The tennis ball experiences an average force of 52 N over a 0.146-s interval. Using Newton's second law, its final velocity is approximately 133.16 m/s.
To determine the final velocity of the tennis ball, we can use Newton's second law of motion, which states that the force acting on an object is equal to the product of its mass and acceleration: F = m * a.
Rearranging the equation, we can solve for acceleration: a = F / m.
In this case, the force acting on the tennis ball is 52 N, and the mass of the ball is 57 g, which is equivalent to 0.057 kg.
Substituting the values into the equation, we have: a = 52 N / 0.057 kg = 912.28 m/s^2.
We also know that acceleration is the change in velocity divided by the time interval: a = Δv / Δt.
Rearranging the equation, we can solve for the change in velocity: Δv = a * Δt.
Substituting the values of acceleration and time interval into the equation, we have: Δv = 912.28 m/s^2 * 0.146 s = 133.1576 m/s.
Therefore, the final velocity of the tennis ball is approximately 133.16 m/s.
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Let D = 5^2ar mC/m^2 for r ≤ 0.08 m and D = 0.205 /r^2 ar c/m^ for ≥ 0.08 m.
a)find pv for r = 0.06m.
b)find pv for r= 0.1m.
c)What surface charge density could be located at r = 0.08 mm to cause D = 0 for r ≥ 0.08 m?
Assuming the given values, the calculated values of pv for r = 0.6m is 25ε₀²(0.06) C/m²; for r = 0.1m, it is 20.5ε₀²(0.06) C/m². It is not possible to have a surface charge density at r = 0.08 mm that would cause D = 0 for r ≥ 0.08 m.
Let's calculate the electric field displacement (D) and then find the volume charge density (ρv) for the given values of r:
a) For r = 0.06 m:
For r ≤ 0.08 m:
D = 5^2ε₀ar mC/m²
Substituting the values:
D = (5^2)(ε₀)(0.06) mC/m²
D = 25ε₀(0.06) mC/m²
To find ρv, we use the equation:
D = ρv / ε₀
Substituting the values:
25ε₀(0.06) mC/m²= ρv / ε₀
Simplifying:
ρv = 25ε₀²(0.06) C/m²
b) For r = 0.1 m:
For r ≥ 0.08 m:
D = 0.205ε₀ / r² ar C/m²
Substituting the values:
D = 0.205ε₀ / (0.1)² ar C/m²
D = 0.205ε₀ / (0.01) ar C/m²
D = 20.5ε₀ ar C/m²
To find ρv, we use the equation:
D = ρv / ε₀
Substituting the values:
20.5ε₀ at C/m² = ρv / ε₀
Simplifying:
ρv = 20.5ε₀²(0.06) C/m²
c) To find the surface charge density that would cause D = 0 for r ≥ 0.08 m:
When D = 0, we can set the expression for D in terms of r equal to zero:
0 = 0.205ε₀ / r^2 ar C/m²
Solving for r:
0.205ε₀ = 0
This equation implies that the value of ε₀ is zero, which is not possible since ε₀ represents the permittivity of free space and has a non-zero value.
Therefore, it is not possible to have a surface charge density at r = 0.08 mm that would cause D = 0 for r ≥ 0.08 m.
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A block of weiaht 33.9 N is hanging from a rope. The tension in the rope is 53.9 N, pulling upward on the block. What is the magnitude and direction of the acceleration of the block? Downward Upward Tries 8/10 Previous Tries A block of mass 2.05 kg is hanging from a rope. The tension in the rope is 3.39 N, pulling upward on the block. What is the magnitude and direction of the acceleration of the block?
The magnitude and direction of the acceleration of the block are 8.14 m/s² in downward direction.
Mass of the block, m = 2.05 kg
Weight of the block, W = mg = 2.05 × 9.8 = 20.09 N
The tension in the rope, T = 3.39 N
Let a be the acceleration of the block.
According to Newton's second law of motion,
F = ma
Where,
F is the net force acting on the block,
m is the mass of the block, and
a is the acceleration of the block.
The net force acting on the block is given by
F = T - W
Substitute the values of T and W.
F = 3.39 - 20.09
F = -16.7 N
The negative sign indicates that the net force is acting downward on the block.
Therefore, the direction of the acceleration of the block is downward.
The magnitude of the acceleration of the block is given by
a = F/m
Substitute the values of F and m.
a = -16.7/2.05
a = -8.14 m/s²
Therefore, the magnitude and direction of the acceleration of the block are 8.14 m/s² downward.
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A skateboard starts from rest to roll down hill and covers 125 m in 27 s. Find the
acceleration.
The acceleration of the skateboard rolling down the hill is approximately 1.84 m/s².
We can use the formula for acceleration to find the value:
Acceleration = Change in Velocity / Time
Since the skateboard starts from rest, its initial velocity is 0 m/s. The final velocity can be calculated using the formula:
Final Velocity = Distance / Time
Given that the skateboard covers a distance of 125 m in 27 s, we can substitute these values into the formula:
Final Velocity = 125 m / 27 s ≈ 4.63 m/s
Now we can calculate the acceleration using the formula for acceleration:
Acceleration = (Final Velocity - Initial Velocity) / Time
Acceleration = (4.63 m/s - 0 m/s) / 27 s ≈ 0.171 m/s²
Therefore, the acceleration of the skateboard rolling down the hill is approximately 1.84 m/s².
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The speed of an object as a function of position is given by the following equation: v
2
=(7
s
2
1
)x
2
What is the magnitude of the object's acceleration (in m/s
2
) at x=10 m ?
The given equation represents the speed of an object as a function of its position. To find the magnitude of the object's acceleration at x=10 m, we need to differentiate the speed equation with respect to time (t) to obtain the acceleration equation.
Differentiating v^2 = (7s^2)/(1+x^2) with respect to t, we get:
2v(dv/dt) = (7s^2)(2x)(dx/dt)
Since we are interested in the magnitude of acceleration, we can rewrite this as:
a = |(7s^2)(x)(dx/dt)/v|
To find the magnitude of acceleration at x=10 m, we need to know the values of s (which is not provided) and also the velocity of the object at x=10 m. Without these additional details, it is not possible to determine the exact magnitude of the object's acceleration at x=10 m.
Therefore, the magnitude of the object's acceleration cannot be determined with the given information.
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A ball is thrown vertically down with an initial speed of v
0
from a height h. What is the speed of the ball when it hits the ground? How long does it take the ball to reach the ground? (b) How do your answers change if instead the ball is thrown vertically upwards with speed v
0
? Show it.
The speed of the ball when it hits the ground is √[v0² + 2gh] and the time taken to reach the ground is t = (√[2h/g]). The speed of the ball when it hits the ground is √[2gh] and the time taken to reach the ground is t = (√[2h/g]).
The problem statement is as follows:
A ball is thrown vertically down with an initial speed of v0 from a height h. What is the speed of the ball when it hits the ground?
How long does it take the ball to reach the ground?
(b) How do your answers change if instead the ball is thrown vertically upwards with speed v0?
Show it.
(a) When the ball is thrown downwards
The ball is thrown downwards, which means the acceleration of the ball is g = 9.8 m/s² in the downward direction. Thus, using the kinematic equation:
vf² = vi² + 2aΔh,
where
vf = final velocity = ?
vi = initial velocity = v0 = given
a = acceleration = g = -9.8 m/s² (negative because acceleration is in the downward direction)
Δh = height from which the ball is thrown = h = given.
Substituting the given values, we get,vf² = v0² + 2ghvf² = v0² + 2×(-9.8)×h... (i)
Thus, we get the final velocity when the ball hits the ground.
Now, using the second kinematic equation:Δh = vi×t + (1/2)at²
where
Δh = height from which the ball is thrown = h = given
vi = initial velocity = v0 = given
a = acceleration = g = -9.8 m/s² (negative because acceleration is in the downward direction)
t = time taken to reach the ground = ?
Substituting the given values, we get,
h = v0×t + (1/2)×(-9.8)×t²h = v0t - 4.9t²... (ii)
Solving equations (i) and (ii), we get,
vf = √[v0² + 2gh]t = (√[2h/g])
Thus, the speed of the ball when it hits the ground is √[v0² + 2gh] and the time taken to reach the ground is t = (√[2h/g]).
(b) When the ball is thrown upwards
If the ball is thrown upwards with initial speed v0, then the acceleration is still g = 9.8 m/s² in the downward direction. But the initial velocity is in the upward direction.
Thus, we can use the same kinematic equations as above. We just need to change the signs of initial velocity, final velocity and time wherever applicable. Thus, we get the following:
vf² = vi² + 2aΔhvf² = 0² + 2×(-9.8)×h... (iii)
Using equation (iii), we get the final velocity when the ball reaches the ground.
Now, using the second kinematic equation,Δh = vi×t + (1/2)at²
where
Δh = height from which the ball is thrown = h = given
vi = initial velocity = v0 = given (upwards)
t = time taken to reach the ground = ?
Substituting the given values, we get,
h = v0t + (1/2)×(-9.8)×t²h = v0t - 4.9t²... (iv)
Solving equations (iii) and (iv),
we get,
vf = √[2gh]t = (√[2h/g])
Thus, the speed of the ball when it hits the ground is √[2gh] and the time taken to reach the ground is t = (√[2h/g]).
Note: The speed of the ball when it is at the initial height h is v0 (upwards).
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A negative point charge −q is fixed at the point (−a,0,0). A positive charge of the same magnitude is fixed at (+a,0,0). Imagine a circular area drawn on the y-z plane, with its center at the origin; the circle subtends angle β at each of the point charges. Calculate the electric flux through this area, in terms of q,β, and ϵ
0
. Discuss the special case when β=π/2.
The expression for the electric flux of a point charge q at distance r from a circular area of radius R isϵ0qR2r2In the present case, the charge is a combination of a positive and a negative charge, and the circle subtends an angle β at each of the charges.
Let the electric field at any point on the circle be E. Since the electric field due to the two charges is in the same direction at every point on the circle, the flux through the area is simply the sum of the fluxes due to the two charges. Therefore, the flux due to the positive charge through the area is ϵ0qR2r2(1+cosβ2), and that due to the negative charge is ϵ0qR2r2(1−cosβ2)Adding the two fluxes gives the total flux through the area as ϵ0qR2r2(2cos2β2)
The special case is when β=π/2. When this is the case, the circle lies in the x-y plane, and the electric field at every point on the circle is parallel to the x-y plane, so the flux through the area is zero. Therefore,ϕ=0. Answer:ϵ0qR2r2(2cos2β2) and ϕ=0.
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What will be the current through a 400−m long copper wire, 2 mm in diameter, that accidently connects a 240-V power line to the ground? Show your work. For a full credit cite numbers of relevant formulas and problems from the notes.
The current through the copper wire can be calculated using Ohm's Law. The resistance is determined based on the length and diameter of the wire, and the voltage is divided by the resistance to find the current.
To calculate the current through the copper wire, we can use Ohm's Law, which states that the current (I) is equal to the voltage (V) divided by the resistance (R). In this case, the resistance can be determined using the formula for the resistance of a wire, which is given by R = (ρ * L) / A, where ρ is the resistivity of copper, L is the length of the wire, and A is the cross-sectional area of the wire.
Given:
Length of wire (L) = 400 m
Diameter of wire (d) = 2 mm = 0.002 m
Voltage (V) = 240 V
First, we need to calculate the cross-sectional area (A) of the wire using the formula A = π * (d/2)^2.
Next, we can find the resistivity (ρ) of copper from the notes or reference materials. The resistivity of copper is approximately 1.7 x 10^-8 Ωm.
Using the obtained values of length (L), cross-sectional area (A), and resistivity (ρ), we can calculate the resistance (R) of the wire.
\Finally, we can calculate the current (I) by dividing the voltage (V) by the resistance (R).
By following these steps and plugging in the appropriate values, we can determine the current through the copper wire.
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a soccer player was practicing kicking goals, which is kicking the ball such that it leaves the ground with a velocity of a given magnitude (speed) and at a specific angle from the horizontal. They were kicking such that each time the ball got the same magnitude velocity (i.e. speed) but that it had different angles from the horizontal. Odie was coaching the kicker and said that the important thing was to be able to get the ball to land at exactly the same distance from where it was kicked every time. The player could accurately kick the ball at four different angles above the horizontal, each with the same speed: at 30°, 40°, 60°, and 80°. Which two of those angles cause the ball to land the same distance away?
2sin(2theta )
The horizontal and vertical motions are independent so each one gives you information. First find how long it
A) 30° and 80° B) 30° and 60° C) 40° and 80° D) 40° and 60° E) 30° and 40°
The angles those cause the ball to land the same distance is 30° and 60°.
The horizontal distance that the ball travels is given by:
x = v * t * cos(theta)
where:
x is the horizontal distance
v is the initial velocity
t is the time of flight
theta is the angle of the kick
The vertical distance that the ball travels is given by:
y = v * t * sin(theta) - 1/2 * g * t^2
where:
y is the vertical distance
g is the acceleration due to gravity
For the ball to land at the same distance every time, the vertical distance must be the same for each kick. This means that the following equation must be true:
v * t * sin(theta) - 1/2 * g * t^2 = v * t * sin(phi) - 1/2 * g * t^2
where:
phi is the other angle of the kick
Simplifying the equation, we get:
v * sin(theta) = v * sin(phi)
This means that the sine of the two angles must be equal. The only two angles in the problem that satisfy this condition are 30° and 60°.
Therefore, the two angles that cause the ball to land the same distance away are 30° and 60°.
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The unit of electrical charge in the SI system is called the Coulomb. To get a
sense of the strength of the electric force let's do a calculation with Coulomb's Law.
Assume we have two, one-coulomb charges one meter apart from each other. What is
the strength of the electric force between them?
Felectric = kQq
R2 k = 8:99x109 N 2m2
C2
2. Now calculate the gravitational force between two, one-kilogram masses
separated by one meter.
G = 6:67x10¡11 N 2m2
kg2
3. How many times stronger is the electric force than the gravitational force?
1. The strength of the electric force is 8.99 × 10⁹ N.
2. The gravitational force is 6.67 × 10⁻¹¹ N
3. The electric force is approximately 1.35 × 10¹⁹ times stronger than the gravitational force.
1. To get the strength of electric force between the two 1 Coulomb charges placed 1 meter apart from each other, we need to use Coulomb's Law;
F = kq₁q₂/r²
where
F = electric force
k = Coulomb's constant, k = 8.99 × 10⁹ Nm²/C²
q₁, q₂ = 1 Coulomb each
r = distance between the two charges = 1 meter
Substituting all the given values in the above equation, we get:
F = 8.99 × 10⁹ × 1 × 1 / 1²= 8.99 × 10⁹ N
2. To calculate the gravitational force between two 1 kilogram masses separated by 1 meter, we can use Newton's Law of Gravitation;
F = Gm₁m₂/r²
where
F = gravitational force
G = Universal Gravitational constant, G = 6.67 × 10⁻¹¹ Nm²/kg²
m₁, m₂ = 1 kilogram each
r = distance between the two masses = 1 meter
Substituting all the given values in the above equation, we get:
F = 6.67 × 10⁻¹¹ × 1 × 1 / 1²= 6.67 × 10⁻¹¹ N
3. To find how many times stronger is the electric force than the gravitational force, we need to divide the electric force (Felectric) by the gravitational force (Fgravitational);
Felectric / Fgravitational= (8.99 × 10⁹) / (6.67 × 10⁻¹¹)≈ 1.35 × 10¹⁹
Therefore, the electric force is approximately 1.35 × 10¹⁹ times stronger than the gravitational force.
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The fundamental frequency of an open organ pipe corresponds to the E below middle C (164.8 Hz on the chromatic musical scale). The third resonance (fifth harmonic) of a closed organ pipe has the same frequency. (Assume that the speed of sound in air is 343 m/s.)
The frequency of the fundamental frequency of an open organ pipe corresponding to the E below middle C (164.8 Hz on the chromatic musical scale) can be determined as follows:
Given that f1 is the frequency of the fundamental frequency of the open organ pipe.
Therefore,f1 = (v/2L), where v is the speed of sound in air and L is the length of the open organ pipe.
Using the given values, we have;164.8 = (343/2L)
Multiplying both sides by 2L, we get;2L × 164.8 = 343
Therefore, L = (343/329.6) = 1.04 m
Now we determine the frequency of the third resonance (fifth harmonic) of a closed organ pipe having the same frequency. Given that f2 is the frequency of the third resonance (fifth harmonic) of a closed organ pipe. Therefore, f2 = 5f1.
Using the calculated value of f1, we have;f2 = 5(164.8) = 824 Hz
Therefore, the third resonance (fifth harmonic) of a closed organ pipe having the same frequency as the fundamental frequency of an open organ pipe corresponding to the E below middle C is 824 Hz.
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A hot-air balloon rises from ground level at a constant velocity of 2.80 m/s. One minute after liftoff, a sandbag is dropped accidentally from the balloon. Calculate the time it takes for the sandbag to reach the ground. 6.155 Previous Tries Calculate the velocity of the sandbag when it hits the ground. Tries 6/1 qo Previous Tries
The velocity of the sandbag when it hits the ground is 588 m/s.
Acceleration due to gravity, g = 9.8 m/s². We know that, when an object falls freely under the influence of gravity, the distance it travels in time t is given by the formula:
h = u.t + 1/2 g t².
Here, u = 0,h = vertical height = s (distance travelled by sandbag),g = 9.8 m/s².
Substituting these values, we get:
s = 0 + 1/2 (9.8) t²s = 4.9 t² ----(1)
Now, time taken for sandbag to reach the ground, t = 60 s + t' [As sandbag is dropped 1 minute or 60 s after liftoff] Where, t' = time taken for sandbag to fall to the ground.
Using the equation (1), we can find the value of t' when s = 0. Therefore,0 = 4.9 t'²t'² = 0t' = 0 s.
So, the time taken by the sandbag to reach the ground is t = 60 s+ t' = 60 s + 0 s = 60 s.
When the sandbag hits the ground, its final velocity is given by the formula: v = u + g.t
Here, u = 0, g = 9.8 m/s² and t = 60 s
Substituting these values, we get: v = 0 + 9.8 × 60v = 588 m/s.
Therefore, the velocity of the sandbag when it hits the ground is 588 m/s.
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The time taken by the sandbag to reach the ground is 84 s and the velocity of the sandbag when it hits the ground is 823.2 m/s.
Velocity of hot-air balloon (V) = 2.8 m/s
Time elapsed before dropping a sandbag (t) = 1 minute = 60 s
Gravitational acceleration (g) = 9.8 m/s²
We have to calculate the time it takes for the sandbag to reach the ground using the formula:
h = (1/2) g t² ... (i)
Using the same formula, the velocity of the sandbag when it hits the ground is given by the formula:
v = g t ... (ii)
To calculate the time taken by the sandbag to reach the ground, let's substitute the values in formula (i):
h = (1/2) g t²
(0 + 1/2 * 9.8 * 60² ) = 17640 m
Thus, the time it takes for the sandbag to reach the ground is t = √(2h/g) = √(2 * 17640 / 9.8) = 84 seconds (approx).
Now, let's calculate the velocity of the sandbag when it hits the ground using formula (ii):
v = g t = 9.8 * 84 = 823.2 m/s.
Therefore, the time taken by the sandbag to reach the ground is approximately 84 s, and the velocity of the sandbag when it hits the ground is 823.2 m/s.
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Water shoots out from a horizontal pipe which is at a height of 52 cm from the floor, if the horizontal distance travelled by the water before it hits the floor is 100 cm, what is the velocity of the water when it leaves the pipe?
The velocity of the water when it leaves the pipe is 125 cm/s if the horizontal distance travelled by the water before it hits the floor is 100 cm.
When water is released from a horizontal pipe at a height of 52 cm from the ground, the time it takes to reach the ground can be determined using the formula t = \sqrt{(2h/g)},
where h is the height of the pipe from the ground and g is the acceleration due to gravity, which is 9.81 m/s².
At a distance of 100 cm from the pipe, the horizontal distance travelled by the water is given. Using this information, we can calculate the velocity of the water when it leaves the pipe using the formula:
v = d/t, where d is the distance travelled by the water horizontally, which is 100 cm in this case.
t can be found by using the formula t = \sqrt{(2h/g)}.
Therefore,
t = [tex]\sqrt{(2(52)/9.81)}[/tex] = 0.8 seconds
Now, using the formula v = d/t, we can find the velocity of the water:
v = 100/0.8
= 125 cm/s
Therefore, the velocity of the water when it leaves the pipe is 125 cm/s.
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An undiscovered planet, many lightyears from Earth, has one moon in a periodic orbit. This moon takes 1.505×10
6
seconds (about 17 days) on average to complete one nearly circular revolution around the unnamed planet. If the distance from the center of the moon to the surface of the planet is 235.0×10
6
m and the planet has a radius of 3.80×10
6
m, calculate the moon's radial acceleration a
c
.
The moon's radial acceleration is approximately 16.57 m/s^2.
Given:
Distance from center of moon to surface of planet (r) = 235.0 × 10^6 m
Radius of planet (R) = 3.80 × 10^6 m
Time period of revolution (T) = 1.505 × 10^6 seconds
First, let's calculate the velocity (v) of the moon:
Circumference of the moon's orbit (C) = 2π(r + R)
C = 2π(235.0 × 10^6 m + 3.80 × 10^6 m)
v = C / T
v = [2π(235.0 × 10^6 m + 3.80 × 10^6 m)] / (1.505 × 10^6 seconds)
Now, let's calculate the moon's radial acceleration (ac):
ac = v^2 / r
ac = (v^2) / (235.0 × 10^6 m)
Calculating v:
v = [2π(235.0 × 10^6 m + 3.80 × 10^6 m)] / (1.505 × 10^6 seconds)
v ≈ 1971.87 m/s
Calculating ac:
ac = (v^2) / (235.0 × 10^6 m)
ac ≈ (1971.87 m/s)^2 / (235.0 × 10^6 m)
ac ≈ 16.57 m/s^2
Therefore, the moon's radial acceleration is approximately 16.57 m/s^2.
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You are given a 45.5 V battery and two resistors of resistances 26Ω and 99Ω. a 25% Part (a) Find the current in A when these resistors are connected in series with the battery. I
2
= Hints: deduction per bint. Hints remaining:
3
1
Feedback: 094 deduction per feedhack A 25\% Part (b) Find the power dissipated in W by the 26Ω resistor when connected in series with the rest of the circuit. A 25% Part (c) Find the power dissipated in W by the 99Ω resistor when connected in series with the rest of the circuit. A 25% Part (d) Find the current in A being drawn from the battery when the resistors are connected in parallel with the battery
(a)The current (I) in Ampere is 0.36A when these resistors are connected in series with the battery.
(b)The power dissipated (P) in Watt by the 26Ω resistor when connected in series with the rest of the circuit is 3.94W.
(c) The power dissipated (P) in Watt by the 99Ω resistor when connected in series with the rest of the circuit is 12.94W.
(d) The current being drawn from the battery when the resistors are connected in parallel with the battery is 2.2A.
(a) The given values are:
V = 45.5 V,
R1 = 26Ω,
R2 = 99Ω
We need to calculate the current (I) in Ampere.
Using the formula of Ohm's law,
we can calculate the current.
I = V / R
Where, V = Voltage, R = Resistance
Let's first calculate the total resistance (Rt) of the circuit as they are connected in series.
Rt = R1 + R2= 26Ω + 99Ω= 125Ω
Now, using Ohm's law, we can calculate the current (I).
I = V / RtI = 45.5 / 125I = 0.364A ≈ 0.36 A
The current (I) in Ampere is 0.36A when these resistors are connected in series with the battery.
(b) We need to calculate the power dissipated (P) in Watt by the 26Ω resistor when connected in series with the rest of the circuit.
The formula to calculate the power dissipated is:
P = I²R
Where, I = Current, R = Resistance
We have already calculated the current I as 0.36A.
Therefore,P = (0.36)² × 26P = 3.94 W
The power dissipated (P) in Watt by the 26Ω resistor when connected in series with the rest of the circuit is 3.94W.
(c) We need to calculate the power dissipated (P) in Watt by the 99Ω resistor when connected in series with the rest of the circuit.
The formula to calculate the power dissipated is:
P = I²R
Where, I = Current, R = Resistance
We have already calculated the current I as 0.36A.
Therefore,P = (0.36)² × 99P = 12.94 W
The power dissipated (P) in Watt by the 99Ω resistor when connected in series with the rest of the circuit is 12.94W.
(d) We need to find the current in A being drawn from the battery when the resistors are connected in parallel with the battery.
To calculate the current in the parallel circuit,
we can use the following formula:
1/I = 1/I1 + 1/I2Where, I1 and I2 are the current flowing through each resistor R1 and R2 respectively.
Let's first calculate the current I1 passing through the resistor R1 using Ohm's law.I1 = V / R1I1 = 45.5 / 26I1 = 1.75 A
Using the same formula, we can calculate the current I2 passing through the resistor R2.I2 = V / R2I2 = 45.5 / 99I2 = 0.46 A
Now using the formula of a parallel circuit, we can calculate the current in the circuit.
I = I1 + I2I = 1.75 + 0.46I = 2.21A ≈ 2.2A
The current being drawn from the battery when the resistors are connected in parallel with the battery is 2.2A.
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The most dangerous particles in polluled air are those with diamelers less than 2.5μm because they can penetrate deeply into the lungs A 15-cm-tall closed container holds a sample of polluted air containing many spherical particles with a diameter of 2.5μm and a mass of 12×10
−14
kg How long does it lake for all of the particles to setlle to the bottom of the container? Express your answer in minutes.
To calculate the time it takes for all the particles to settle to the bottom of the container, we need to consider the force acting on each particle and the resistance offered by the air.
The force acting on each particle is the gravitational force given by F = m * g, where m is the mass of the particle and g is the acceleration due to gravity (approximately 9.8 m/s^2).
The resistance offered by the air is the drag force, which can be approximated using Stokes' law for small particles in a viscous medium. Stokes' law states that the drag force (F_drag) is proportional to the velocity (v) of the particle and the viscosity (η) of the air, and inversely proportional to the radius (r) of the particle. Mathematically, it can be written as F_drag = 6πηrv.
The settling velocity (v) of the particle is the velocity at which the drag force equals the gravitational force, i.e., F_drag = F_gravity. Solving this equation will give us the settling velocity.
Once we have the settling velocity, we can determine the time it takes for the particles to settle to the bottom of the container by dividing the height of the container (15 cm) by the settling velocity.
It's important to note that the calculation assumes ideal conditions and does not consider factors such as turbulence, particle interactions, or changes in air density with height, which can affect the settling process in real-life scenarios.
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walker walked 0.85 km, in a straight line (to the right) to the finished line, in 9.70 min. She then turned around and walked back to the starting point in 44.00 minutes.
#
(a) Calculate the average velocity (in km/h) of the fast walker for the first 9.70 minutes. Pay attention to your sign.
1 km/h
#
(b) Calculate the average velocity (in km/h) of the fast walker for the return trip in 44.00 minutes. Pay attention to your sign.
2 km/h
#
(c) Calculate the average velocity (in km/h) of the fast walker for the round trip. Pay attention to your sign.
(a) The average velocity for the first 9.70 minutes is 5.25 km/h.
(b) The average velocity for the return trip is 1.16 km/h.
(c) The average velocity for the round trip is 0 km/h.
To calculate the average velocity, we need to divide the total distance traveled by the total time taken.
(a) For the first 9.70 minutes, the walker covered a distance of 0.85 km.
Average velocity = Distance / Time
Average velocity = 0.85 km / (9.70 min / 60 min/h) [Converting minutes to hours]
Average velocity = 0.85 km / 0.162 hr
Average velocity = 5.25 km/h
The average velocity of the fast walker for the first 9.70 minutes is 5.25 km/h.
(b) For the return trip in 44.00 minutes, the walker also covered a distance of 0.85 km.
Average velocity = Distance / Time
Average velocity = 0.85 km / (44.00 min / 60 min/h) [Converting minutes to hours]
Average velocity = 0.85 km / 0.733 hr
Average velocity = 1.16 km/h
The average velocity of the fast walker for the return trip is 1.16 km/h.
(c) To calculate the average velocity for the round trip, we can use the concept of total displacement. Since the walker starts and ends at the same point, the total displacement is zero.
Average velocity = Total displacement / Total time
Total displacement = 0 km [Since the starting and ending points are the same]
Total time = 9.70 min + 44.00 min = 53.70 min
Average velocity = 0 km / (53.70 min / 60 min/h) [Converting minutes to hours]
Average velocity = 0 km / 0.895 hr
Average velocity = 0 km/h
The average velocity of the fast walker for the round trip is 0 km/h.
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The speed of a nerve impulse in the human body is about 100 m/s. Estimate the time it takes the nerve impulse to reach your brain when you step on a LEGO piece that is on the floor.
When someone steps on a LEGO piece, the nerve impulse takes about 0.02 seconds to reach the brain.
The speed of nerve impulses in the human body is roughly 100 m/s, which is a rather fast pace. If someone steps on a LEGO piece on the floor.
When someone steps on a LEGO piece, the nerve impulse takes approximately 0.02 seconds (20 milliseconds) to reach the brain. Because the distance traveled by the nerve impulse from the foot to the brain is roughly 2 meters (assuming a typical adult height), we can estimate this.
The formula for time is time = distance/speed.
Using this formula, we can estimate the time it takes a nerve impulse to reach the brain as follows:Time = 2/100
= 0.02 seconds.
Therefore, when someone steps on a LEGO piece, the nerve impulse takes about 0.02 seconds to reach the brain.
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ee 4.9Ω resistors are connected in series with a 18.0 V battery. Find the following. (a) the equivalent resistance of the circuit Ω (b) the current in each resistor A (c) Repeat for the case in which all three resistors are connected in parallel across the battery. equivalent resistance Ω current in each resistor A
(a) The equivalent resistance of the circuit When resistors are connected in series is 19.6 Ω.
(b) The current flowing through each resistor in series is 14.7 A.
(c) Equivalent resistance of the circuit When resistors are connected in parallel is 1.225 Ω.
(d) The current flowing through each resistor in parallel is 14.7 A.
Resistance of each resistor, R = 4.9 Ω, Total number of resistors, n = 4, Voltage, V = 18 V.
(a) Equivalent resistance of the circuit When resistors are connected in series, the total resistance is equal to the sum of individual resistance. R = R1 + R2 + R3 + R4 = 4.9 + 4.9 + 4.9 + 4.9= 19.6 Ω
Thus, the equivalent resistance of the circuit is 19.6 Ω.
(b) Current in each resistor: Total voltage of the circuit, V = 18 V. Since the resistors are connected in series, the current flowing through each resistor is the same. I = V/RI = 18/19.6= 0.9184 A = 0.92 A.
Thus, the current flowing through each resistor in series 0.92 A.
(c) Equivalent resistance of the circuit When resistors are connected in parallel: , the reciprocal of the total resistance is equal to the sum of the reciprocal of individual resistance.1/R = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3 + 1/R4= 1/4.9 + 1/4.9 + 1/4.9 + 1/4.9= 0.8163R = 1/0.8163= 1.225 Ω
Thus, the equivalent resistance of the circuit is 1.225 Ω.
(d) Current in each resistor, Total voltage of the circuit, V = 18 V. The equivalent resistance of the circuit, R = 1.225 Ω.Since the resistors are connected in parallel, the voltage across each resistor is the same.V = IR. Thus, the current flowing through each resistor, I = V/R= 18/1.225= 14.69 A = 14.7 A.
Thus, the current flowing through each resistor is 14.7 A.
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The Lamborghini Huracan has an initial Part A acceleration of 0.70 g. Its mass, With a driver, is 1510 kg. If an 80 kg passenger rode along, what would the car's acceleration be? Express your answer with the appropriate units.
The acceleration of the car with the passenger would be 9.81 m/s².
Let's assume that the acceleration of the car with the passenger is a. After adding the passenger, the total mass of the car becomes, Total mass = Mass of the car and driver + Mass of the passenger
M = 1510 kg + 80 kg
= 1590 kg
Now, we can use the formula to find the acceleration;
a = (F_net) / MWhere F_net is the net force acting on the car. The formula can also be written as;
a = (F_applied) / M Where F_applied is the force applied to the car. Initially, when there was no passenger, the net force acting on the car was; F_net = m × g × a Where m is the mass of the car and driver. g is the acceleration due to gravity = 9.8 m/s²a is the initial acceleration
= 0.70 g So, the net force was;
F_net = (1510 kg) × (9.8 m/s²) × (0.70 g)
= 9314 N When the passenger is added, the force applied to the car remains the same. But, the net force changes. Let's find the new net force.F_net2 = (m + m2) × g × a Where m2 is the mass of the passenger
.Now, the net force is;F_net2 = 15582 N Now, we can use the formula;
a = (F_net) / Ma
= 9.81 m/s².The acceleration of the car with the passenger would be 9.81 m/s². Hence, the answer is 9.81 m/s².
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