After sliding 50 meters, the speed of the puck will be 10 m/s. The net force acting on the hockey puck is opposite to the direction of motion. It means that the kinetic energy of the hockey puck will keep decreasing until the velocity of the puck becomes zero.
However, the work done by the force opposing the motion of the puck will be negative, which means that the potential energy of the puck will increase.Using the work-energy principle,W_net = ΔKEKE_initial - KE_final
= W_netKE_final
= KE_initial - W_netKE_initial
= 0.5mv^2KE_final
= 0W_net
= ΔKE
= KE_final - KE_initialSo, W_net = -0.5mv^2
After sliding 50 meters, the work done by the force opposing the motion of the puck will beW_net = Fd = 20 N × 50 m = -1000 JSo, W_net
= -0.5mv^2
⇒ -1000 J
= -0.5 × 0.4 kg × v^2
⇒ v^2
= 500 J/kg
⇒ v
= 10 m/sSo, the speed of the puck after it has slid 50 meters will be 10 m/s.
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in the process of nuclear fusion, elements _________.
In the process of nuclear fusion, elements combine together to form heavier elements.
When two light atomic nuclei combine together, they produce a heavier nucleus with the liberation of a large amount of energy.The fundamental process that powers stars is the fusion of light nuclei into heavier ones. The sun's enormous energy is produced by nuclear fusion. When two hydrogen atoms combine to form a helium atom, about 150 million times more energy is generated than when two hydrogen atoms react chemically.
This energy generation results from the difference in mass between the nuclei before and after the fusion takes place, which is converted into energy.
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The Space Shuttle travels at a speed of about 5.60×10
3
m/s. The blink of an astronaut's eye lasts about 107 ms. How mary football fields (length −91.4 m ) does the Space Shuttle cover in the blink of an eye?
The Space Shuttle covers approximately 612,035.21 football fields in the blink of an eye.
To determine the number of football fields the Space Shuttle covers in the blink of an eye, we need to calculate the distance traveled by the Space Shuttle in that time interval.
First, let's convert the blink of an eye duration to seconds:
Blink duration = 107 ms = 107 × 10^(-3) s
Next, we calculate the distance traveled by the Space Shuttle in that time:
Distance = Speed × Time
Substituting the given values:
Distance = (5.60 × 10^3 m/s) × (107 × 10^(-3) s)
Calculating the expression:
Distance = 5.60 × 10^3 × 107 × 10^(-3) m
Simplifying:
Distance = 5.60 × 107 × 10^(-3) m
To convert the distance to football fields, we need to divide it by the length of a football field:
Number of football fields = Distance / Length of a football field
Substituting the values:
Number of football fields = (5.60 × 107 × 10^(-3) m) / 91.4 m
Calculating the expression:
Number of football fields ≈ 612,035.21
Therefore, the Space Shuttle covers approximately 612,035.21 football fields in the blink of an eye.
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A 3.0−cm-tall object is 45 cm in front of a diverging mirror that has a −25 cm focal length.
the virtual image formed by the diverging mirror is 1.0 cm tall.
A 3.0−cm-tall object is placed 45 cm in front of a diverging mirror that has a −25 cm focal length. In optics, diverging mirrors are curved mirrors that cause the reflected light to diverge. They have a negative focal length. A diverging mirror is also known as a concave mirror.
It is curved inward and is thicker at the edge than at the center. As the light hits the mirror, the rays diverge. When the object is placed beyond the mirror's focal point, the diverging mirror forms an erect, virtual image that is smaller than the object. A concave mirror's image is always virtual, erect, and smaller than the object placed before it.
The formula for the image distance is 1/f = 1/o + 1/i where o is the object distance, i is the image distance, and f is the focal length.In this scenario, the object distance is given as 45 cm and the focal length as −25 cm, substituting these values into the formula, we have:1/−25 = 1/45 + 1/iSimplifying the above equation gives:i = −75 cmThe image distance is negative, indicating that the image is virtual and formed behind the mirror. The magnification of the image can be calculated by using the formula:M = -i/o
Thus, M = −75/45 = −1.67
The magnification is negative, indicating that the image is inverted. The height of the image can be found by using the formula:h1/h2 = i/o
Simplifying the above equation gives:h2 = h1 * o/i
Where h1 is the height of the object, h2 is the height of the image. Substituting the given values into the above equation gives:h2 = 3.0 * −25/−75 = 1.0 cm
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An object with mass M1 of 2.85 kg is held in place on an inclined plane that makes an angle θ of 40.0∘ with the horizontal (see figure below). The coefficient of kinetic friction between the plane and the object is μk=0.540. A second object that has a mass M2 of 4.75 kg is connected to the first object with a massless string over a massless, frictionless pulley. 1) Calculate the initial acceleration of the system once the objects are released. (Express your answer to three significant figures.) 2) Calculate the tension in the string once the objects are released. (Express your answer to three significant figures.)
The initial acceleration of the system once the objects are released is 2.01 m/s², and the tension in the string once the objects are released is 22.8 N.
In this problem, we will first calculate the acceleration of the system and then the tension in the string. The first object's mass, M1 = 2.85 kg, and it is held in place on an inclined plane that makes an angle θ of 40.0∘ with the horizontal, and the coefficient of kinetic friction between the plane and the object is μk = 0.540. The second object's mass is M2 = 4.75 kg, which is connected to the first object with a massless string over a massless, frictionless pulley. The initial acceleration of the system once the objects are released is 2.01 m/s². The tension in the string once the objects are released is 22.8 N.
Therefore, the initial acceleration of the system once the objects are released is 2.01 m/s², and the tension in the string once the objects are released is 22.8 N.
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A particle moves in a straight line with an initial velocity of 30 m/s and a constant acceleration of 30 m/s
2
. The provided answer is not correct and no specific feedback is available. Please view available hints and review the relevant material. Close and stay on this question If at t=0,x=0 and v=0, what is the particle's position, in meters, at t=5 seconds?
Answer:
At t = 5 seconds, the particle's position is 525 meters.
Explanation:
To find the particle's position at t = 5 seconds, we can use the equations of motion.
Given:
Initial velocity (v₀) = 30 m/s
Acceleration (a) = 30 m/s²
Time (t) = 5 seconds
We need to find the position (x) at t = 5 seconds.
Using the equation of motion:
x = v₀t + (1/2)at²
Substituting the given values:
x = (30 m/s)(5 s) + (1/2)(30 m/s²)(5 s)²
Simplifying the equation:
x = 150 m + (1/2)(30 m/s²)(25 s²)
x = 150 m + 375 m
x = 525 m
Therefore, at t = 5 seconds, the particle's position is 525 meters.
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Two test charges are located in the x−y plane. If q
1
=−2.600nC and is located at x
1
=0.00 m,y
1
=0.8800 m, and the second test charge has magnitude of q
2
=3.200nC and is located at x
2
=1.000 m,y
2
=0.750 m, calculate the x and y components, E
x
and E
y
, of the electric field
E
in component form at the origin, (0,0). The Coulomb force constant is 1/(4πϵ
0
)=8.99×10
9
N⋅m
2
/C
2
E
x
= N/CE
y
= N/C
The x-component and y-component of the electric field at the origin are 342.2 N/C towards the left and 815.6 N/C towards the positive y-axis, respectively
The electric field is a vector quantity representing the direction and magnitude of the force exerted on a test charge q_o by other test charges. The x and y components of the electric field at the origin caused by two other test charges located in the xy-plane are calculated as follows.
The electric field at a point caused by a point charge is given by Coulomb’s law as follows:
[tex]F = 1 / 4\pi \epsilon q_1 q_2 / r^2[/tex]
where ε is the permittivity of free space, r is the distance between the charges, and [tex]q_1[/tex]and [tex]q_2[/tex] are the charges on the two point charges. For the x-component of the electric field at the origin, the direction of the field is along the x-axis only. For the y-component of the electric field at the origin, the direction of the field is along the y-axis only.
Therefore, the x-component and y-component of the electric field are as follows:
[tex]Ex = Fx / q_0Ey = Fy / q_0[/tex]
The forces exerted on a positive test charge by the two-point charges with negative and positive charges q_1 and q_2 are respectively:
[tex]F_1 = F(q_0, q_1, r_1) = -1.52 * 10^{-3} N[/tex] in the x direction.[tex]F_2 = F(q_0, q_2, r_2) = 2.61 * 10^{-3} N[/tex] at an angle of [tex]32.3^0[/tex] with the negative y-axis.
Using the electric field formula and unit vector notation,
[tex]Ex = F_1x / q_0 + F_2x / q_0 = (-1.52 * 10^{-3} N) / (3.2 * 10^{-9} C) + (2.61 * 10^{-3} N) / (3.2 * 10^{-9} C) = 342.2 N/C[/tex] (towards the left)
[tex]Ey = F_2y / q_0 = (2.61 * 10^{-3} N) / (3.2 * 10^{-9} C) = 815.6 N/C[/tex](towards the positive y-axis).
Therefore, the x-component and y-component of the electric field at the origin are 342.2 N/C towards the left and 815.6 N/C towards the positive y-axis, respectively.
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A runner hopes to completo the 10,000−m fun in less than 30.0 min. After running at constant speed for exactly 25.0 min, there are still 1900 II to go. The runner must then accelerate at 0.19 m/s
2
for how many seconds in order to achieve the desired time Express your answer using two significant figures. * Incorrect; Try Again; 3 attempts remaining
The runner needs to accelerate for approximately 368 seconds in order to achieve the desired time of completing the 10,000m run in less than 30.0 minutes.
To find the time needed to accelerate, we can use the formula:
d = v_i * t + (1/2) * a * t^2
Where:
d = distance to go after running for 25 minutes (1900m)
v_i = initial velocity (unknown)
t = time to accelerate (unknown)
a = acceleration (0.19 m/s^2)
Since the runner is running at a constant speed for the first 25 minutes, the initial velocity is equal to the average velocity during this time. We can calculate it using the formula:
v_i = d / t
Substituting the given values, we have:
v_i = 1900m / 25min
Now, we can use the equation for distance with the known values to solve for t:
1900m = (v_i * t) + (1/2) * (0.19 m/s^2) * t^2
Simplifying the equation, we get:
1900m = (1900m/25min) * t + 0.095t^2
Rearranging the equation, we have:
0.095t^2 + (1900m/25min) * t - 1900m = 0
Solving this quadratic equation for t, we find:
t ≈ 368 seconds
Therefore, the runner needs to accelerate for approximately in order to achieve the desired time of completing the 10,000m run in less than 30.0 minutes.
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At the bow of a ship on a stormy sea, a crewman conducts an experiment by standing on a bathroom scale. In calm waters, the scale reads 176lb. During the Find the magnitude of the maximum upward acceleration experienced by the crewman. storm, the crewman finds a maximum reading of 223lb and a minimum reading of 138lb. Part B Find the magnitude of the maximum downward acceleration experienced by the crewman.
The values of maximum upward and maximum downward acceleration of the crewman are 7.47 ft/s2 and 20.71 ft/s2, respectively.
According to the question, the upward and downward acceleration of the crewman will cause an increase and decrease in the normal force experienced by him, respectively. So, we can relate the normal force with the acceleration of the crewman by using the equation, Normal force = mg + ma
Where, m is the mass of the crewman, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and a is the acceleration experienced by the crewman. Let us find the value of normal force in calm waters as follows:
Normal force when there is no acceleration = mg + ma = m(g + a)
Therefore, the normal force experienced by the crewman in calm waters is given as:176 = m(g + a) .....(1)
The values of normal force at maximum and minimum readings of the scale: 223 = m(g - a) .....(2)
(when the scale reads the maximum value)138 = m(g + 2a) .....(3) (when the scale reads the minimum value)
On solving equations (1), (2), and (3), we can get the values of mass (m), acceleration due to gravity (g), maximum upward acceleration (a1) and maximum downward acceleration (a2).
So, the values of maximum upward and maximum downward acceleration of the crewman are 7.47 ft/s2 and 20.71 ft/s2, respectively.
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Light from a green laser (550.nm) illuminates a grid of thin fibers. A double slit diffraction pattern is projected on a screen 2.0 meters from the fibers. The third bright fringe is 33.4 mm from the central spot. What is the distance between fibers?
The distance between fibers illuminated by a green laser of 550 nm, given that the third bright fringe is 33.4 mm from the central spot and that a double-slit diffraction pattern is projected on a screen 2.0 meters from the fibers is 0.0232 mm (to 3 sig figs).
Given data,λ = 550 nm = 550 × 10⁻⁹ m = 5.50 × 10⁻⁷ m (1 nm = 10⁻⁹ m).The third bright fringe = mλD/d; where m = 3 and D = 2.0 m.third bright fringe = 3 × 5.50 × 10⁻⁷ × 2.0/d; or,33.4 × 10⁻³ = 1.10 × 10⁻⁶/d; ord = 1.10 × 10⁻⁶/33.4 × 10⁻³; ord = 0.0232 mm.Thus, the distance between fibers is 0.0232 mm (to 3 sig figs).
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An object with a mass of 0.400 kg is undergoing Simple Harmonic Motion with an amplitude of 0.025 m. The maximum
acceleration of the object is observed to have a magnitude of 15 m/s² . Calculate:
a. the force constant of the spring
b. the maximum speed of the object
c. the acceleration (magnitude and direction) of the object when it is displaced 0.012 m to the left
of its equilibrium position.
An object with a mass of 0.400 kg is undergoing Simple Harmonic Motion with an amplitude of 0.025 m. The force constant of the spring is 150.71 N/m. The maximum speed is 1.53 m/s. The acceleration is 9.05 m/s² and to the right.
The calculations can be done in a step-wise manner. They are as follows:
a. To calculate the force constant of the spring, we can use the formula:
k = mω²
Where:
k is the force constant,
m is the mass of the object, and
ω is the angular frequency.
The angular frequency can be calculated using the formula:
ω = √(k / m)
Given:
m = 0.400 kg
We can rearrange the formula to solve for k:
k = mω² = m(2πf)²
Given that the maximum acceleration is observed to have a magnitude of 15 m/s², we can use this information to find the angular frequency:
[tex]a_{max[/tex] = ω²A
Where:
[tex]a_{max[/tex]is the maximum acceleration,
A is the amplitude of the motion, and
ω is the angular frequency.
Given:
[tex]a_{max[/tex] = 15 m/s²
A = 0.025 m
Rearranging the formula, we can solve for ω:
ω = √([tex]a_{max[/tex] / A)
Substituting the given values:
ω = √(15 m/s² / 0.025 m) ≈ 61.23 rad/s
Now, we can calculate the force constant:
k = mω² = (0.400 kg) × (61.23 rad/s)² ≈ 150.71 N/m
Therefore, the force constant of the spring is approximately 150.71 N/m.
b. The maximum speed of the object can be found using the formula:
[tex]v_{max[/tex] = Aω
Given:
A = 0.025 m
ω ≈ 61.23 rad/s
Substituting the values:
[tex]v_{max[/tex] = (0.025 m) × (61.23 rad/s) ≈ 1.53 m/s
Therefore, the maximum speed of the object is approximately 1.53 m/s.
c. To find the acceleration (magnitude and direction) of the object when it is displaced 0.012 m to the left of its equilibrium position, we can use the formula:
a = -ω²x
Where:
a is the acceleration,
ω is the angular frequency,
and x is the displacement from the equilibrium position.
Given:
x = -0.012 m (displaced 0.012 m to the left)
Substituting the values:
a = -(61.23 rad/s)² × (-0.012 m) = 9.05 m/s²
The magnitude of the acceleration is 9.05 m/s², and the direction is opposite to the displacement, which is to the right (since the displacement is negative).
Therefore, the acceleration of the object when it is displaced 0.012 m to the left of its equilibrium position is 9.05 m/s² to the right.
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The speeds of the planets about the Sun depend on the masses of the planets. their distances from the Sun. their periods of rotation. none of the above
The planets speeds about the Sun depend on the masses of the planets, their distances from the Sun and their periods of rotation.
The motion of planets is governed by the laws of gravity and Kepler's laws of planetary motion. According to Kepler's second law, a planet moves fastest when it is closest to the sun and slowest when it is farthest away. Thus, the speed of planets about the Sun depends on their distance from the Sun. The force of gravity on a planet also depends on its mass. Therefore, the speed of planets about the Sun depends on their mass as well.To be more specific, the gravitational force of the sun pulls on each planet and keeps them in orbit. The speed of a planet's orbit is determined by its distance from the Sun.
This is known as Kepler's Third Law. It states that the period of revolution of a planet around the Sun is proportional to the 3/2 power of the planet's average distance from the Sun. Therefore, the speed of planets about the Sun depends on their period of rotation. The farther away a planet is from the Sun, the slower it orbits. For example, the planet Neptune orbits the Sun once every 165 Earth years, while the planet Mercury orbits the Sun once every 88 Earth days.In conclusion, the correct answer to the given question is that the speeds of the planets about the Sun depend on the masses of the planets, their distances from the Sun and their periods of rotation.
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A golf ball is dropped from rest from a height of 8.50 m. It hits the pavement, then bounces back up, rising just 6.40 m before falling back down again. A boy then catches the ball when it is 1.50 m above the pavement. Ignoring air resistance, calculate the total amount of time that the ball is in the air, from drop to catch.
The total amount of time that the ball is in the air, from drop to catch is 3.66 s
Ignoring air resistance, the total amount of time that the ball is in the air, from drop to catch can be calculated as follows:
First, we can calculate the time taken by the golf ball to reach the pavement by using the formula;
s = (1/2) gt²
where s is the distance,
g is acceleration due to gravity,
and t is time taken.
In this case, s = 8.5 m and g = 9.8 m/s².
Therefore, t = √(2s/g)= √(2×8.5/9.8) = √1.734 = 1.32 s.
Second, we can calculate the time taken by the golf ball to rise up to a height of 6.40 m.
Since the motion is symmetrical we can use the same time t as obtained above.
Using the same formula, s = (1/2) gt² where s = 6.40 m and g = 9.8 m/s².
Therefore, t = √(2s/g) =√(2×6.4/9.8) = √1.04 = 1.02 s
The total amount of time that the ball is in the air can be calculated as;
total time = t + t + t = 1.32 + 1.02 + 1.32 = 3.66 s.
Therefore, the total amount of time that the ball is in the air, from drop to catch is 3.66 s.
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locations, use the thin-lens equation to determine the focal length. Double check arithmetic. cm
Using the thin-lens equation, the focal length of the lens is determined to be 60 cm after calculations involving the object distance and image distance.
To determine the focal length of a lens using the thin-lens equation, you need the object distance (denoted as "u") and the image distance (denoted as "v"). The equation is as follows:
1/f = 1/v - 1/u
Where "f" represents the focal length of the lens. By rearranging the equation, you can solve for the focal length:
1/f = (v - u) / (uv)
Let's assume that the object distance (u) is 20 cm and the image distance (v) is 30 cm. Plugging these values into the equation:
1/f = (30 - 20) / (20 * 30)
1/f = 10 / 600
1/f = 1/60
To isolate the focal length (f), take the reciprocal of both sides:
f = 60 cm
Therefore, the focal length of the lens is 60 cm.
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If a charge, Q, is located at the center of a spherical volume of radius R
0
=3.65 cm and the total electric flux through the surface of the sphere is Φ
0
=−6.66
C
Nm
2
, what is the total flux through the surface if the radius of the sphere is changed to R=14.1 cm (in
C
Nm
2
).
Therefore, the total flux through the surface if the radius of the sphere is changed to R = 14.1 cm (in C Nm²) is: Phi = \frac{-6.66}{4.95 × 10^{-10}
Phi = -1.35 × 10^7 C Nm^{-2}
The total electric flux through a surface of a sphere when a charge, Q, is located at the center of a spherical volume of radius R₀ is given by the expression;Phi_0 = \frac{Q}{4πε_0R_0^2}
Where;Phi_0 = the total electric flux through the surface of the sphere Q =the charge located at the center of the spherical volume
ε_0 = the permittivity of free spaceR_0 =the initial radius of the spherical volume.
When the radius of the sphere is changed to R, the total electric flux through the surface of the sphere is given by the expression; Phi = \frac{Q}{4πε_0R^2}
Where; Phi = the total electric flux through the surface of the sphere (in C Nm²)Q = the charge located at the center of the spherical volumeε_0 = the permittivity of free space R =the new radius of the spherical volume.
Thus, the total flux through the surface if the radius of the sphere is changed to R = 14.1 cm is given by; Phi = \frac{Q}{4πε_0R^2} Phi = frac{Q}{4π(8.85 × 10^{−12} N^{-1}m^{-2}) (0.141 m)^2} Phi = \frac{Q}{4.95 × 10^{-10}}
Therefore, the total flux through the surface if the radius of the sphere is changed to R = 14.1 cm (in C Nm²) is; Phi = \frac{-6.66}{4.95 × 10^{-10}}
Phi = -1.35 × 10^7 C Nm^{-2}$$
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A woman is driving her van with speed 50.0mi/h on a horizontal stretch of road. (a) When the road is wet, the coefficient of static friction between the road and the tires is 0.102. Find the minimum stopping distance (in m). m (b) When the road is dry, μs=0.595. Find the minimum stopping distance (in m ). m
The minimum stopping distance on a wet road at a speed of 50.0 mi/h is calculated to be 2035.56 m, while on a dry road it is calculated to be 1359.56 m.
(a) Wet RoadA woman is driving her van with speed 50.0 mi/h on a horizontal stretch of wet road. The coefficient of static friction between the road and the tires is 0.102.
The formula for minimum stopping distance (wet road) is given by: d = (v²/2gμ) + v²/2a
Where
v = initial velocity = 50 miles/hour = (22/15)*50 m/s = 73.33 m/s
μ = coefficient of static friction = 0.102
g = acceleration due to gravity = 9.81 m/s²
a = acceleration = gμ = (9.81)(0.102) = 1.00062 m/s²
Substituting the values in the formula,
d = (73.33²/2*9.81*0.102) + 73.33²/2*1.00062= 52.37 + 1983.19= 2035.56 m
(b) Dry RoadWhen the road is dry, the coefficient of static friction between the road and the tires is 0.595.
The formula for minimum stopping distance (dry road) is given by: d = (v²/2gμ) + v²/2a
Where
v = initial velocity = 50 miles/hour = (22/15)*50 m/s = 73.33 m/s
μ = coefficient of static friction = 0.595
g = acceleration due to gravity = 9.81 m/s²
a = acceleration = gμ = (9.81)(0.595) = 5.83995 m/s²
Substituting the values in the formula,
d = (73.33²/2*9.81*0.595) + 73.33²/2*5.83995= 15.28 + 1344.28= 1359.56 m
Thus, the minimum stopping distance (in m) when the road is wet is 2035.56m and when the road is dry is 1359.56m.
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Find the Final Energy - The initial thermal energies of blocks A and B are E
A
=1200J and E
B
F−529.. Block A has three times the number of particles of block B. The blocks arethermally connected an go into equilibrium. What is the final energy of block B in Joules? Energy Transfer - The initial thermal energies of blocks A and B are E
A
=1200 J and E
B
=614 J. Block A has three times the number of particles of block B. The blocks are thermally connected an go into equilibrium. How much energy (in Joules) is transferred from block A to block B?
The energy transferred from block A to block B is 106.4 Joules.
Find the Final Energy: The initial thermal energies of blocks A and B are E A=1200J and EBF−529. Block A has three times the number of particles of block B. The blocks are thermally connected and go into equilibrium.
Find: final energy of block B in Joules.
Given,
E A=1200J and
EB=529
From the above expression, we can say that initial energy of block A is greater than block B.
Therefore, Energy will be transferred from block A to block B.
The final thermal energy can be calculated as,
Efinal=A+Efinal
=B
Using the law of energy conservation,
Initial energy = Final energy
E A+E B = Efinal
=A+Efinal
=B
Since energy is conserved,
We can get the final energy of block B from the above expression by just putting the value of EA and EB.
Efinal=B
= E A+E B/3+E B
=1200J+529J/3+1
=1093.6 J
The final energy of block B is 1093.6 Joules.
Energy (in Joules) is transferred from block A to block B
Given, E A=1200 J and
EB=614 J
Therefore, the energy transferred from block A to block B is,
E A- Efinal= Efinal-B
Therefore, EA-Efinal=B
= 1200J-1093.6J
=106.4 J
The energy transferred from block A to block B is 106.4 Joules.
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A "gravitron" from amusement park, with minimum safe speed on the surface of Earth 4.86 m/s was brought to the planet X and was set into operation. The safe speed which allowed people not to slide down on the planet X was measured as 7.64 m/s. Find acceleration of free fall on planet X.
The answer is the acceleration of free fall on planet X is 23.05 m/s². Minimum safe speed on the surface of Earth, v1 = 4.86 m/s; Safe speed on planet X, v2 = 7.64 m/s
Let g1 and g2 be the acceleration of free fall on Earth and planet X respectively. Then by formula for centrifugal force, F_c = mg1r and F_c = mg2r; where F_c is the centrifugal force, m is the mass of the body, r is the radius of circular path. Also we know that F_c = m (v^2)/r; where v is the velocity of the body on the circular path.
Centrifugal force on Earth: F_c1 = m (v1^2)/r … (i)
Centrifugal force on planet: XF_c2 = m (v2^2)/r … (ii)
Dividing equation (ii) by equation (i), we getF_c2 / F_c1 = (v2^2) / (v1^2)⇒F_c2 / F_c1 = g2 / g1⇒g2 / g1 = (v2^2) / (v1^2)⇒g2 = g1 (v2^2) / (v1^2)
Substituting g1 = 9.81 m/s² and the given values, we get
g2 = 9.81 × (7.64 / 4.86)²g2 = 23.05 m/s²
Hence, the acceleration of free fall on planet X is 23.05 m/s².
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A car traveling at 33 m/s runs out of gas while traveling up a 9.0 slope. How far will it coast before starting to roll back down? Express your answer in meters
A car traveling at 33 m/s runs out of gas while traveling up a 9.0 slope. It will travel the distance of 32.676 m uphill before it starts to roll back down.
To determine how far the car will coast before starting to roll back down the slope, we need to calculate the distance it travels uphill until its velocity becomes zero. This distance is the maximum distance the car can travel before the force of gravity begins to overcome the car's momentum.
First, we need to determine the vertical component of the car's initial velocity. Given that the car is traveling up a 9.0° slope, we can calculate this component using trigonometry:
Vertical component of initial velocity = 33 m/s * sin(9.0°)
Next, we can calculate the time it takes for the car to come to a stop. When the car's velocity becomes zero, the force of gravity will exactly balance the component of the car's weight parallel to the slope. This can be calculated using the equation:
Vertical component of initial velocity = (acceleration due to gravity) * time
Rearranging the equation to solve for time:
Substituting the values:
time = Vertical component of initial velocity / (acceleration due to gravity)
time = (33 m/s * sin(9.0°)) / (9.8 m/s²)
time ≈ 5.662 m/s / 9.8 m/s²
time ≈ 0.578 s
Now, we can calculate the distance the car travels during this time. Since the car is on a slope, the distance is equal to the horizontal component of the initial velocity multiplied by the time:
Distance traveled uphill = 33 m/s * cos(9.0°) * time
Plugging in the values:
Distance traveled uphill = 33 m/s * cos(9.0°) * [(33 m/s * sin(9.0°)) / (9.8 m/s²)]
Distance traveled uphill = 33 m/s * cos(9.0°) * time
Distance traveled uphill ≈ 33 m/s * cos(9.0°) * 0.578 s
Distance traveled uphill ≈ 32.676 m
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Consider a new Turing machine that instead of just moving left and right can also jump to the 5 th tape cell in any given transition. So now δ is defined over, δ:Q×Γ→Q×Γ×{L,R,J5} where J5 moves the head to the 5 th tape cell. Prove that this is equivalent to the standard Turing machine.
The extended Turing machine with the transition function δ: Q × Γ → Q × Γ × {L, R, J5} is equivalent to the standard Turing machine.
To prove that the new Turing machine with the extended transition function δ: Q × Γ → Q × Γ × {L, R, J5} is equivalent to the standard Turing machine, we need to show that the extended Turing machine can simulate the behavior of a standard Turing machine, and vice versa.
First, let's consider a standard Turing machine with transition function δ: Q × Γ → Q × Γ × {L, R}.
To simulate the behavior of the standard Turing machine on the extended Turing machine, we can simply ignore the J5 transition in the extended transition function. Whenever the standard Turing machine would perform a transition to the left or right, we use the corresponding L or R transition in the extended Turing machine. This way, we are effectively disregarding the ability to jump to the 5th tape cell.
Now, let's consider the extended Turing machine with transition function δ: Q × Γ → Q × Γ × {L, R, J5}.
To simulate the behavior of the extended Turing machine on the standard Turing machine, we need to show that the J5 transition can be simulated using the L and R transitions. We can achieve this by introducing additional states and tape symbols.
We can modify the extended Turing machine to have an additional state and tape symbol to mark the position of the 5th tape cell. Let's call the new state Q_mark and the new tape symbol 'X'. We update the transition function as follows:
δ'(Q_mark, X) = (Q_mark, X, R) // Stay in Q_mark state and move right
δ'(Q, X) = (Q_mark, X, L) // Transition from state Q to Q_mark and move left
By using these additional states and symbols, we can simulate the J5 transition of the extended Turing machine on the standard Turing machine. Whenever the extended Turing machine performs a J5 transition, we transition to the Q_mark state and move right to the next cell, effectively simulating the jump to the 5th tape cell.
Therefore, we have shown that the new Turing machine with the extended transition function is equivalent to the standard Turing machine by demonstrating how each can simulate the behavior of the other.
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Air at 20°C and at a atmospheric pressure flows over a flat plate at a velocity of 3 m/s. If the plate is 30 cm long and at a temperature of 60°C, calculate: (a) the thickness of velocity and thermal boundary layers at 20 cm. (b) the average heat transfer coefficient. (c) total drag force on the plate, per unit width. Take the following properties of air: = P = 1.18 kg/m³, kinematic viscosity = 17 x 10-6 m²/s, k = 0.0272 W/m-K, Cp = 1.007 kJ/kg K
The thickness of velocity and thermal boundary layers is 0.0567 m and 0.0347 m respectively. The average heat transfer coefficient is 57.11 W/m² K. The total drag force on the plate is 0.05677 N/m.
According to the given problem, the properties of air are: ρ = 1.18 kg/m³, Kinematic viscosity (μ) = 17 × 10⁻⁶ m²/s, Thermal conductivity (k) = 0.0272 W/m-K, Specific heat (Cp) = 1.007 kJ/kg K, Reynolds number (Re)
Re = ρVxδvx / μ
= (1.18 × 3 × 0.2 × 0.017) / 0.000017 = 2222.4
Prandtl number (Pr)
Pr = Cp μ / k
= (1.007 × 0.000017) / 0.0272
= 0.00064
Nusselt number (Nu)
Nu = 0.332 × Re1/2 Pr1/3
= 0.332 × 2222.4 1/2 × 0.00064 1/3
= 73.324
Average heat transfer coefficient:
h = k Nu / δtx
= 0.0272 × 73.324 / 0.0347 = 57.11 W/m² K
The average skin friction coefficient is:
cf = 0.664 / Re1/2 = 0.664 / 2222.4 1/2 = 0.01575
Total drag force per unit width:
Fx = 0.5 ρ Vx³ Cf
L = 0.5 × 1.18 × 3³ × 0.01575 × 0.3
= 0.05677 N/m
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Tom was frightened by Jerry dropping a pot and he jumped 6ft in the air with a speed of 4 fus. Tom weighs 12lb. Piease give answers for the following. Pay attantian fo the units that it asking for the answer to be in and do not put the units
Tom's kinetic energy is 96 J, his potential energy is 2304 J, his total mechanical energy is 2400 J, his acceleration is 1.33 ft/s^2, and his force is 16 N.
1. What is Tom's kinetic energy in Joules?
KE = 1/2mv^2 = 1/2 * 12 * 4^2
KE = 96 J
2. What is Tom's potential energy at the top of his jump in Joules?
PE = mgh = 12 * 32 * 6
PE = 2304 J
3. What is Tom's total mechanical energy in Joules?
TE = KE + PE = 96 + 2304
TE = 2400 J
4. What is Tom's acceleration during his jump in feet per second squared?
a = v^2 / 2h = 4^2 / 2 * 6
a = 1.33 ft/s^2
5. What is Tom's force in pounds?
F = ma = 12 * 1.33
F = 16 N
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(a) How fast would a motorist have to be traveling for a yellow (λ=590.00 nm ) traffic light to appear green ( λ=550.00 nm ) because of the Doppler shift? (nm is nanometer and is 10
−9
meters) (b) Should the motorist be traveling toward or away from the traffic light to see this effect? (c) How fast would a motorist have to be traveling for a yellow (λ=590.00 nm) traffic light to appear red (λ=700.00 nm) because of the Doppler shift? Attach File
(a) A motorist has to be traveling with a speed of 1.26×10^7 m/s towards a yellow traffic light of wavelength 590.00 nm for it to appear green (wavelength 550.00 nm) because of the Doppler shift.For yellow light to appear red (700.00 nm), a motorist would have to be moving away from the traffic light at a high speed of 2.36×10^7 m/s, which is about 8.87% of the speed of light.
When an object, in this case, a motorist, is moving towards a traffic light, the apparent wavelength of the light received by the object is shorter than its original wavelength (known as blue-shift). As we know that green light has a shorter wavelength than yellow light, hence the yellow light will appear green to the motorist when he is moving towards it with enough speed. For yellow light to appear green (550.00 nm), a motorist would have to be moving towards the traffic light at a high speed of 1.26×10^7 m/s, which is about 4.74% of the speed of light.
(b) The motorist should be traveling towards the traffic light to observe this effect. (c) A motorist has to be traveling with a speed of 2.36×10^7 m/s away from a yellow traffic light of wavelength 590.00 nm for it to appear red (wavelength 700.00 nm) because of the Doppler shift. When an object, in this case, a motorist, is moving away from a traffic light, the apparent wavelength of the light received by the object is longer than its original wavelength (known as red-shift). As we know that red light has a longer wavelength than yellow light, hence the yellow light will appear red to the motorist when he is moving away from it with enough speed.
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An object undergoes constant acceleration from a velocity of +2.5 m/s to -4.5 m/s while undergoing a displacement of -3 m. What is the object's acceleration in m/s2?
The object's acceleration is approximately -2.33 m/s^2. To find the object's acceleration, we can use the following kinematic equation:
v_f^2 = v_i^2 + 2a * d
where:
- v_f is the final velocity
- v_i is the initial velocity
- a is the acceleration
- d is the displacement
Given:
v_i = +2.5 m/s
v_f = -4.5 m/s
d = -3 m
We can substitute these values into the equation and solve for a:
(-4.5 m/s)^2 = (+2.5 m/s)^2 + 2a * (-3 m)
Simplifying the equation:
20.25 m/s^2 = 6.25 m/s^2 - 6a
Rearranging the equation:
6a = 6.25 m/s^2 - 20.25 m/s^2
6a = -14 m/s^2
a = -14 m/s^2 / 6
Simplifying:
a ≈ -2.33 m/s^2
Therefore, the object's acceleration is approximately -2.33 m/s^2.
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You are standing on a scale in an elevator that is moving up with a constant velocity. If your actual weight is w, the scale reads: (Hint: To answer this correctly, make a free-body diagram. The scale reading is the normal force and your answer depends on the acceleration). more than w Can't be determined without knowing v. less than wh:
When you are standing on a scale in an elevator that is moving up with a constant velocity, the scale reads less than w.For an object in a non-accelerating lift (constant velocity), the normal force acting on the object is less than its weight.
When the elevator moves up with constant velocity, the normal force acting on you is less than your actual weight because the elevator is exerting a force less than your weight to keep you in a state of motion (resting on the scale). This is because the direction of your acceleration is the opposite direction of the force applied by the scale on you.In conclusion, the scale reads less than your actual weight because the normal force acting on you is less than your actual weight.
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Projectile motion describes objects projected outward near the surface of the earth objects orbiting the earth objects leaving the earth's gravitational field resistance due to friction The resultant displacement is the same as distance travelled (discussed in Ch 2) is always equal to the length of the path along which an object travels is the shortest distance from the starting point directly to the ending point is measured in units of distance divided by time Question 3 (0.5 points) When adding vectors, which of the following is NOT true the order in which the vectors are added is important drawing a diagram may be useful for solving the problem the tip-to-tail method of adding vectors is useful the arrow drawn from the tail of the first vector to the tip of the last vector represents the sum of the vectors The parallelogram method is used for adding vectors used for determining Kindergarden aptitude the same as the Pi method used for resolving a vector into its components The trigonometric function sin( theta) is equal to length of the side opposite the angle theta divided by the length of the hypotenuse (o/h) length of the side adjacent the angle theta divided by the length of the hypotenuse (a/h) length of the side opposite the angle theta divided by the length of the side adjacent the angle theta length of the side adjacent the angle theta divided by the length of the side opposite the angle theta The following are all examples of objects that experience projectile motion near the surface of the earth EXCEPT a thrown baseball a basket ball thrown toward the basket a speeding bullet a clock pendulum Projectile motion near the surface of the earth makes a path in the shape of a parabola triangle straight line trapezoid One yellow tennis ball is projected horizontally while at the same time a red tennis ball is dropped vertically from the same point near the earth's surface. The yellow tennis ball will reach the ground before the red tennis ball reach the ground after the red tennis ball reach the ground at the same time as the red tennis ball enter a lunar orbit You are hanging in a tree 3 meters off the ground. A friend on a nearby 3 meter high hill aims a tennis ball launcher horizontally directly at you. What will happen if you let go of the tree and fall directly to the ground at the same time the gun is fired? (neglecting air resistance) You will hit the ground and be in position to catch the ball as it arrives at the same spot at the same time you do. The tennis ball will pass through the spot where you were hanging. while you will have dropped down below. You will reach the ground before the tennis ball, which will arrive at the same spot after you reach the ground The tennis ball will pass over your head, but below the spot where you were hanging Question 10 (0.5 points) Two vectors can be added accurately by adding their components along chosen axes with the aid of trigonometric functions maximum and minumum magnitudes along each axis in a chosen coordinate system areas formed within right-angle triangles where the vectors form the hypotenuse of each triangle magnitudes, without taking into consideration their directions Projectile motion describes objects projected outward near the surface of the earth objects orbiting the earth objects leaving the earth's gravitational field resistance due to friction Question 2 (0.5 points) The resultant displacement is the same as distance travelled (discussed in Ch 2) is always equal to the length of the path along which an object travels is the shortest distance from the starting point directly to the ending point is measured in units of distance divided by time Question 3 (0.5 points) When adding vectors, which of the following is NOT true the order in which the vectors are added is important drawing a diagram may be useful for solving the problem the tip-to-tail method of adding vectors is useful the arrow drawn from the tail of the first vector to the tip of the last vector represents the sum of the vectors The parallelogram method is used for adding vectors used for determining Kindergarden aptitude the same as the Pi method used for resolving a vector into its components
For Question 3, the statement that is NOT true when adding vectors is the same as the Pi method used for resolving a vector into its components.
When adding vectors, the Pi method is not used for resolving a vector into its components. The Pi method, also known as the method of trigonometric components, is used to break down a single vector into its horizontal and vertical components. It involves using trigonometric functions (such as sine and cosine) to determine the magnitudes of the components.
On the other hand, when adding vectors, the tip-to-tail method is commonly used. It involves placing the vectors head-to-tail and drawing an arrow from the tail of the first vector to the tip of the last vector. The resulting arrow represents the sum or resultant of the vectors. The parallelogram method can also be used, which involves constructing a parallelogram using the vectors and drawing the resultant vector from the common point of the parallelogram.
Therefore, the statement that is NOT true when adding vectors is that the Pi method is used for resolving a vector into its components.
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How do the following vary with time for a simple harmonic oscillator: total mechanical energy, kinetic energy, potential energy?
A simple harmonic oscillator is a system that oscillates or vibrates at a single frequency. As the system moves back and forth, the total mechanical energy, kinetic energy, and potential energy of the system vary with time. When the oscillator is at its maximum displacement from equilibrium, its total mechanical energy is entirely potential energy.
A simple harmonic oscillator is a system that oscillates or vibrates at a single frequency. As the system moves back and forth, the total mechanical energy, kinetic energy, and potential energy of the system vary with time. When the oscillator is at its maximum displacement from equilibrium, its total mechanical energy is entirely potential energy. As the oscillator passes through the equilibrium position, it has the most kinetic energy and the least potential energy. As the oscillator moves to its opposite maximum displacement, its total mechanical energy is entirely kinetic energy.
The total mechanical energy of a simple harmonic oscillator, which is proportional to the square of the amplitude, remains constant and is independent of time. However, the kinetic and potential energies fluctuate with time, as shown in the figure below.
Figure: A graph showing the variation of kinetic energy (K), potential energy (U), and total mechanical energy (E) with time for a simple harmonic oscillator. A simple harmonic oscillator's total mechanical energy is the sum of its kinetic and potential energies, as follows: E = K + U
Because the total mechanical energy is constant, the energy is transferred from kinetic to potential energy and vice versa throughout the cycle. As the oscillator approaches its maximum displacement, potential energy increases while kinetic energy decreases. When the oscillator approaches the equilibrium position, the potential energy is converted to kinetic energy, and the process is reversed on the opposite side.
Thus, the kinetic and potential energies are in opposite phases, and the sum of the two remains constant. Therefore, the total mechanical energy of a simple harmonic oscillator remains constant while the kinetic and potential energies fluctuate with time.
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A boy stands at the edge of a cliff with a height, h, overlooking a body of water. He throws a rock up with a velocity of Vo; the rock goes up, reaches a maximum height and then falls down into the water below.
a. How long does it take for the rock to hit the water?
b. What is the maximum height of the rock above the water?
c. Plot the position, velocity, and acceleration vs. time.
a. How long does it take for the rock to hit the water?
The time taken for the rock to hit the water is given by the time it takes for the upward motion to be reversed and to come back down to the surface of the water. The initial velocity (upwards) and the final velocity (downwards) are the same but differ in their sign.
Using the kinematic equation
`yf = yi + vi*t + 1/2*a*t²`
where `yf` is the final position, `yi` is the initial position, `vi` is the initial velocity, `a` is the acceleration and `t` is the time taken.
Since we know the final position (`yf`), initial position (`yi`) and acceleration (`a`) (which is due to gravity and equals -9.8 m/s²), we can find the time taken for the rock to hit the water.
`yf = yi + vi*t + 1/2*a*t²``-h = 0 + Vo*t + 1/2*(-9.8)*t²``h
= Vo*t - 4.9t²`
This is a quadratic equation of the form `at² + bt + c = 0`.
Comparing it with `ax² + bx + c = 0`, we get `a = -4.9`, `b = V`o and `c = -h`.
Substituting these values, we get
`t = (Vo±√(Vo²-4*(-4.9)*(-h)))/(2*(-4.9))`
Solving for `t` we get
`t = (Vo±√(Vo²+19.6h))/9.8`.
The negative value of `t` doesn't make any sense since time cannot be negative.
Therefore, the time taken for the rock to hit the water is given by the positive root.
`t = (Vo+√(Vo²+19.6h))/9.8`
Answer: a. `(Vo+√(Vo²+19.6h))/9.8`
b. What is the maximum height of the rock above the water?
The maximum height reached by the rock is given by the kinematic equation
`vf² = vi² + 2*a*(yf-yi)`
where `vf` is the final velocity, `vi` is the initial velocity, `a` is the acceleration and `yf-yi` is the displacement. At the maximum height, the final velocity is zero, and the initial velocity is `Vo`. The displacement is `h`.
Thus we have:
`vf² = vi² + 2*a*(yf-yi)`
`0 = Vo² + 2*(-9.8)*h` `h
= Vo²/19.6`
Therefore, the maximum height of the rock above the water is given by
`h = Vo²/19.6`.
Answer: b. `Vo²/19.6`
c. Plot the position, velocity, and acceleration vs. time. The position, velocity and acceleration of the rock are given by the following equations respectively:
`y = h + Vo*t + 1/2*(-9.8)*t²``v = Vo - 9.8*t``a
= -9.8`
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A solfer hits a shot to a green that is elevated 2.90 m above the point where the ball is struck. The ball leaves the club at a speed of 17.6 mis at an angle of 52.0
∘
above the horizontal, It rises to its maximum height and then falls down to the green. Ignoring air resistance, find the speed of the ball just before it lands.
The speed of the ball just before it lands, calculate the time to reach maximum height, double it for total time of flight, determine horizontal displacement, find time to land, calculate vertical speed just before landing, and finally, find the magnitude of the speed using horizontal and vertical speeds.
To find the speed of the ball just before it lands, we can break down the motion into horizontal and vertical components.
Given:
Initial speed (vi) = 17.6 m/s
Launch angle (θ) = 52.0°
Vertical displacement (Δy) = 2.90 m
Acceleration due to gravity (g) = 9.8 m/s² (assuming no air resistance)
First, we can calculate the time it takes for the ball to reach its maximum height using the vertical motion equation:
Δy = viy * t - (1/2) * g * t²
Substituting the known values:
2.90 = vi * sin(θ) * t - (1/2) * 9.8 * t²
Next, we can determine the total time of flight by doubling the time to reach the maximum height:
t_total = 2 * t
Finally, we can find the horizontal displacement using the horizontal motion equation:
Δx = vi * cos(θ) * t_tota
With the horizontal displacement, we can determine the time it takes for the ball to land using Δx and the horizontal speed (vx = vi * cos(θ)):
t_land = Δx / vx
Now, we can find the vertical speed just before landing using the equation:
vfy = viy - g * t_land
The magnitude of the speed just before landing can be found using the horizontal (vx) and vertical (vfy) speeds:
v_land = sqrt(vx² + vfy²)
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At its peak, a tornado is 70.0 m in diameter and carries 350 km/h winds. What is its angular velocity in revolutions per second? rev/s Suppose a piece of dust finds itself on a CD. If the spin rate of the CD is 370rpm, and the plece of dust is 3.9 cm from the center, what is the total distance (in m ) traveled by the dust in 2 minutes? (Ignore accelerations due to getting the CD rotating.)
The angular velocity of the tornado at its peak, with a diameter of 70.0 m and wind speed of 350 km/h, is approximately 0.0379 revolutions per second (rev/s).
The angular velocity of the tornado at its peak, with a diameter of 70.0 m and wind speed of 350 km/h, is approximately 0.0379 rev/s. The angular velocity is calculated by converting the wind speed to m/s, finding the distance traveled in one revolution, and dividing the linear speed by the distance.
For the spinning CD, with a spin rate of 370 rpm and a piece of dust located 3.9 cm from the center, the total distance traveled by the dust in 2 minutes is approximately 73.8 meters. This is calculated by converting the spin rate to rev/s, finding the distance traveled in one revolution using the circumference formula, and multiplying it by the spin rate and time.
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Problem 2: On the International Space Station an, object with mass m=443 g is attached to a massless string of length L=0.93 m. The string can handle a tension of F
T
=5.92 N before breaking. The object undergoes uniform circular motion, being spun around by the string in a horizontal plane. What is the maximum speed, in meters per second, the mass can have before the string breaks? v=
The maximum speed that the object can have before the string breaks is 3.65 m/s. Answer: 3.65 m/s
The maximum speed the mass can have before the string breaks is 2.225 m/s.
The force acting on the object in this case is tension.
The maximum tension that the string can handle is given as FT=5.92 N. The object is attached to a string of length L=0.93m.
The maximum speed the mass can have before the string breaks is given as:
v = [FT/ m]1/2
Here, FT = maximum tension that the string can handle
m = mass of the object
v = maximum speed the object can have before the string breaks
Substituting the given values, we get:
v = [5.92/0.443]1/2v = [13.35]1/2v = 3.65 m/s
Therefore, the maximum speed that can be attained is 3.65 m/s. Answer: 3.65 m/s
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