Answer:
Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants absorb light energy from the sun with the assistance of water and carbon dioxide, and transform it into chemical energy to make (synthesize) carbohydrate (specifically glucose) and oxygen.
The "light-independent" or dark reactions happen in the stroma of the chloroplasts. This is also known as the Calvin Cycle. Since these processes can only happen in the chloroplast (a chlorophyll filled plastid in green plants), photosynthesis can only happen in green plants!
The first overall principle of photosynthesis is that the light energy from the sun is transformed into chemical energy and stored in the bonds of glucose (the sugar carbohydrate) for later use by the plant and/or organism that eats the plant.
The second overall principle of photosynthesis is that carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen atoms are taken from carbon dioxide and water molecules and are broken up and rearranged into new substances: carbohydrate (specifically glucose) and oxygen gas (so we can breathe, whew!). This reaction represents the transfer of matter: carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, water from the soil or atmosphere, into sugar in the plant and oxygen back into the atmosphere.
Light-Dependent Reactions
The first part of the process happens in the thylakoids of the chloroplasts and are the "light-dependent" reactions: The photosystems I and II absorb the photons from the sunlight and process them through the membranes of the thylakoids simultaneously. The photons excite electrons in the chlorphyll which then move through the electron transport chain and causes NADP- to combine with H+ forming NADPH. At the same time, ADP (adenosine diphosphate) has come from the dark reaction and a third phosphate chain is bonded forming ATP (adenosine triphosphate) to feed the Calvin Cycle next. Remember that ATP is the important source of all cellular energy.
We now believe that all the oxygen released in photosynthesis comes from the water molecules and all oxygen atoms that form the carbohydrates come from the carbon dioxide molecules. So, in other words during the light-dependent reaction a water molecule is broken down producing two H+ ions and half an oxygen molecule. We get the rest of the oxygen molecule when another water molecule is broken down.
Dark Reactions
Dark reactions are also known as the Calvin Cycle, the Calvin-Benson cycle, and light-independent reactions. The point is that they do not require sunlight to complete their process.
After ATP is formed in the first part of photosynthesis, for living things to grow, reproduce and repair themselves, the inorganic form of CO2 must be transformed into carbohydrate. This happens during the Calvin Cycle in the stroma (the fluid filled interior of the chloroplast). ATP and NADPH combine with CO2 and water to make the end product of glucose. The ADP and NADPH+ are recycled to the light-dependent side to start the process over.
Remember that during hours of darkness, plants cannot perform photosynthesis so they do cellular respiration in the mitochondria just as all living organisms do.
Explanation:
I hope this helps
___Ca + ___CuF2---->____ CaF2 + Cu
help me solve the chemical equation
Answer:
?? i need help to??????????? help me
What molecules are involved in the oxygen cycle?
Answer:
In the atmosphere, the oxygen is mostly found as free O2 molecules released via photosynthesis. It also exists as ozone (O3), carbon dioxide (CO2), water vapor (H2O), and sulfur or nitrogen oxides.Explanation:
What is formed by sustained volcanic activity at an oceanic-oceanic convergent boundary
The oceanic plate is forced down into the mantle in a process known as "subduction." As the oceanic plate descends, it is forced into higher temperature environments. ... This partial melting produces magma chambers above the subducting oceanic plate.
(hope this helps ^^)
Phytoplankton are __
A) scavengers
B) producers
C) consumers
D) decomposers
Which step occurs first in sexual reproduction
Answer:
In the first stage of sexual reproduction, "meiosis", the number of chromosomes is reduced from a diploid number (2n) to a haploid number (n). During "fertilisation", haploid gametes come together to form a diploid zygote, and the original number of chromosomes is rest
Explanation:
Answer:
meiosis
Explanation:
Proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and carbohydrates are based on which molecule?(1 point)
A ) carbon
B ) oxygen
C ) hydrogen
D ) nitrogen
Answer:
A. Carbon
Explanation:
The "sides" of the DNA ladder are known as the?
Answer:
The shape of DNA is a double helix, which is like a twisted ladder. The sides of the ladder are made of alternating sugar and phosphate molecules, The sugar is a pentose called deoxyribose.
Explanation:
don´t forget to brainllest:)
Answer:
The four nitrogen bases that are found in DNA are Adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine. The two molecules that make up the sides of the ladder or the side portion of a DNA molecule are Sugars and phosphates. The molecules that meet across the middle, forming the steps of the “ladder'” are known as Nitrogen bases.
- Troup.org
I did not plagiarize, because I cited my source, and I did not copy someone.
Humans, plants and mushrooms are all alive. What do these organisms have in common?
Answer:
Humans, plants, and mushrooms all are made of cells.
Explanation:
Answer:r intracellular structure
Explanation: my teacher gave me work like this
( this is another thing I need help with )
What is the main characteristic of gymnosperm seeds?
A. They are flowers
B. They are born in cones
C. They are fruits
D. they germinate
Answer:
D
Explanation:
Because the gymnosperm germinates
In which phase of the cell division, to the chromosomes make exact copies of themselves?
Interphase?
Prophase?
Metaphase?
Anaphase?
Answer:
metaphase is the answer.. i hope this helped :)
Explanation:
which blood component protein is present in the greatest amounts in the plasma?
Answer:
the answer is Albumin
Explanation:
What came first the chicken or the egg?????????
Answer:
The egg duhhh
Explanation:
Answer:
egg
Explanation:
In Mitosis each cell contains how many human chromosomes?
Answer:
46 chromosomes
For humans, this means that during prophase and metaphase of mitosis, a human will have 46 chromosomes, but 92 chromatids (again, remember that there are 92 chromatids because the original 46 chromosomes were duplicated during S phase of interphase).
Explanation:
got it from google hope it helps
hey y'all I just really need help with this question so if y'all didn't mind and try to help me that would be greatHELP ME PLEASE I'LL MARK YOU THE BRAINEST!!!!!!!!
1. What are the producers in this ecosystem? What would happen if all of the producers in this ecosystem died out?
Answer:
plants, particularly in terrestrial ecosystems, and algae in aquatic ecosystems. If the plants or other producers of an ecosystem were removed, there would be no way for energy to enter the food web, and the ecological community would collapse.
types of idioms that talk about being happy
Answer:
On cloud nine
Like a dog with two tails
Full of the joys of spring
Happy as Larry
On top of the world
Over the moon
In seventh heaven
Happy-Go-Lucky
Happy Camper
Bursting with Joy
Grinning From Ear to Ear
hope this helps!
HELP PLEASE
Which of the following is a good description of biological clocks?
a) A light-dark cycle of 24 hours during which entrainment takes place
b) External chemical systems that are regulated by time and control circadian rhythms c) None of these
d) Internal chemical systems that are regulated by nature and control parts of the body
Answer: B)
Explanation:
What is the relationship between water clarity and orca survival?
Answer:
Direct relationship.
Explanation:
There is a direct relationship between water clarity and orca survival because the survival of orca depend on the quality of water. If the water quality is good and clean, the orca survival rate increases whereas if the water quality decreases due to pollution, the orca survival also decreases. The chemicals drained into the water bodies is the main cause of lowering orca survival rate so we can say that both have direct relationship.
There is a direct relationship between water clarity and orca survival because, the clearer the water, the higher the survival rate of orca.
Note the following about Water Clarity and how it affects aquatic life:
Water clarity refers to the measure of how deep light can penetrate through water.Suspended particles and soil on water can reduce the level of light penetration in aquatic ecosystem.Light is needful for the growth of aquatic plants, which produce oxygen for other aquatic.Aquatic plants also provide habitat for fish and other aquatic life like the orca.Clearer waters promote growth and survival for aquatic life including the orca.Therefore, there is a direct relationship between water clarity and orca survival because, the clearer the water, the higher the survival rate of orca.
Learn more here:
https://brainly.com/question/7977819
What the heck is a null and alternative hypothesis?
Answer:
Explanation:
mutual statements. (population )
how would the pattern of apoptosis differ in a duck’s webbed foot compared to the pattern of apoptosis in a mouse’s foot? Explain
Answer:
A duck's foot is webbed and the chicken's foot is not
Explanation:
The difference is due to apoptosis.Ducks have webbed feet because the cells between their toes do not undergo apoptosis
Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death. It is the result of the self-destruction mechanisms that is started when the cells respond to a certain stimulus that leads to the destruction of the cell.
The duck's foot is webbed and chickens food is not a sign of swimming ability. The ducks have webbed feet as their foot don't undergo apoptosis. Hence they have webbed.Learn more about the apoptosis that differs in a duck’s webbed foot.
brainly.com/question/10657600.
what is the function of ovary
Answer:
The ovaries produce the egg cells, called the ova or oocytes. The oocytes are then transported to the fallopian tube where fertilization by a sperm may occur. The fertilized egg then moves to the uterus, where the uterine lining has thickened in response to the normal hormones of the reproductive cycle.
What change in surface area to volume is expected to result in a faster rate of diffusion?
Answer:
Explanation:
When the cell increases in size, the volume increases faster than the surface area, because volume is cubed where surface area is squared. When there is more volume and less surface area, diffusion takes longer and is less effective.
WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST!!
1. Identify and discuss the various tools scientists use to study the earth.
Answer:
topographic, bathymetric, and geologic maps.
How long do gcoscience processes take to occur?
Answer:
Examples of geoscience processes include surface weathering and deposition by the movements of water, ice, and wind. Emphasis is on geoscience processes that shape local geographic features, where appropriate.]
Explanation:
Scientists have discovered that the inner core of Earth is a solid while the outer core is a liquid. What is the cause of this observation?
A. The outer core has a higher temperature and more pressure than the inner core.
B. The outer care has lower temperature and lower pressure then the inner core.
C. The inner core has a lower temperature and higher pressure than the outer core.
D. The inner core has a higher temperature and lower pressure than the outer core.
Answer:Scientists figured out that the outer core must be liquid because S waves do not pass through it, but P waves do. The behavior of P and S waves also indicates that the inner core is solid. The speed of seismic waves also depends on the density of the material through which they are traveling.
Explanation:
The inner core of Earth is a solid which has a higher temperature and a higher pressure than the outer core of the planet. Thus, the correct option is C.
What is Earth's core?Scientists have discovered that the outer core of Earth must be liquid because of the S waves, which do not pass through it, whereas the P waves do pass through it. The behavior of P and S waves indicates that the inner core of Earth is solid. The speed of the seismic waves also depends on the density of the materials by which the waves are moving.
The pressure of the inner core is nearly 3.6 million atmosphere and the temperature of the inner core is far above the melting point of iron element. However, the inner core is solid. The inner core's intense pressure and temperature than the rest of the planet prevents the iron from melting.
Therefore, the correct option is C.
Learn more about Earth here:
https://brainly.com/question/12041467
#SPJ2
BRAINLIEST IF RIGHT DUE IN 5 MINUTES A skydiver decides to test which parachute will make her fall faster. The mass of the first parachute is 100kg and the mass of the second parachute is 150kg. Surprisingly, she found that she fell at the exact same speed with both parachutes. Explain why this happened.
i have answer: if one of them weighed more than the other, but the other fell from a lower distance, then they would fall at the same time because the one that weighs more would go faster. if they weighed the same, the one from a lower distance would fall first because they are closer.
Answer: um u already have a answer i just need points bad thxs!
Explanation: :))))))
99.9 germs are killed with dienfectant,, soaps and stuff........ ,what about that last one left?? how does
that one survive and why ⁉️⁉️
Answer:
because that 1 germ multiples and spreads all over
Explanation:
and over time germs become resistant to certain chemicals used to kill them off.
Review the water cycle diagram below. What effect would removing the precipitation stage have on this environment?
(Image below)
A) There would be little snow and ice accumulation on the mountains.
B) There would be more evapotranspiration in the atmosphere.
C) There would be less water in the nearby oceans or bodies of water.
D) There would be increased surface runoff and groundwater discharge.
Answer: c
Explanation:
Describe how the behavior of prairie dogs secure the survival of their offspring.
Answer:
Prairie dogs create a safe home for their young by creating underground burrows, which protect them from hailstorms, blizzards, floods, droughts, and fires. The burrow contains many different chambers, including a nursery that is very deep underground. This protects the young from predators as well as changes in the temperature outside. The burrows even include observation posts where they can watch for predators.
Explanation:
This is the sample response btw
*
MULTIPLE CHOICE
As Keisha heats up water for hot chocolate, the molecules
Answer:
move faster
Explanation:
Explain how the Naked DNA exploits vector's DNA ability to make a vaccine.
Answer:
DNA vaccines consist of DNA vectors or plasmids (small double-stranded DNA rings originally derived from bacteria, but unable to cause infection) into which the genes encoding one or more immunizing proteins of the infectious agent have been inserted causing the disease to be prevented.
Explanation:
Vectors are the functional unit of naked DNA vaccines. Genes that encode the proteins of interest and are of bacterial origin are inserted into these vectors. Bacterial plasmids are circular DNA molecules that self-replicate extrachromosomally in bacteria. The genes encoded in these plasmids are under the control of promoters, almost always of viral origin. When a plasmid is introduced into the cell it translocates to the nucleus, where transcription of the transgene begins; the transcripts are then taken to the cytoplasm and translated there. The newly synthesized proteins are degraded in the proteasome to 8-10 amino acid peptides, which are transported to the endoplasmic reticulum. Peptides of high affinity with their respective MHC I molecule stabilize and enter the secretory pathway, thus reaching the cell surface, where they are coupled with the T-lymphocyte receptor (TcR) present on the surface of T lymphocytes cytotoxic drugs (CD8 +) to induce their activation.
